2019年高中英語 語篇提能5.3 外研版必修3閱讀理解AThere have been many natural disasters since ancient times. In order to fight against violence of nature and improve people's life, many scientists created lots of inventions. Here is one of them.Zhang Heng (78AD139AD) was a great astronomer, mathematician, artist and literary scholar in the Eastern Han Dynasty of China. Born in today's Nanyang County, Henan, he was a good writer at age 12. At the age of 16, he left home to pursue his studying in the capital city. He spent at least 10 years of his youth in literary studies and writing. He published several wellrecognized literary writings. Much to everyone's amazement, he turned to astronomy after age 30 and at last he succeeded.In the year 123 he corrected the calendar to bring it into line with the seasons. In 132 Zhang Heng invented the first seismograph(地震儀) for measuring earthquakes. His device was in the shape of a cylinder(圓柱) with eight dragon heads around the top, each with a ball in its mouth. Around the bottom were eight frogs, each directly under a dragon head. When an earthquake occurred，a ball fell out of the dragon's mouth into a frog's mouth, making a noise. He also invented the odometer(里程表)Zhang Heng was the first person in China to construct a rotating celestial globe(旋轉渾天儀). In one of his publications he also submitted 3.1466. He made great contributions to the development of Chinese ancient mathematics.1What's the passage mainly about?AZhang Heng a famous astronomer.BModern scientists and their inventions.CZhang Heng and his contributions.DZhang Heng and his hobbies.2Zhang Heng first began to study astronomy _.Ain the year 108 Bafter the year 94Cafter the year 108 Din the year 1233When a ball fell out of the dragon's mouth into a frog's mouth, the seismograph Zhang Heng invented would show _.Ahow many miles away there was an earthquakeBa big fire occurred somewhereCearthquakes would happen all around the countryDthere might be an earthquake in this direction4Which is NOT true according to the passage?AZhang Heng did well in literary studies and writing.BZhang Heng invented the calendar.CZhang Heng was the first person in China to construct a rotating celestial globe.DZhang Heng also put forward 3.1466.5The underlined word “submitted” in the last paragraph means “_”Awon BrescuedCrepaired Dproposed答案與解析：本文主要講了張衡的生平以及他作出的貢獻。1解析：主旨大意題。全篇主要介紹了張衡和他作出的貢獻，C項符合題意。A項內容盡管正確，但不全面，不能概括全文意思；B項內容與文章內容不符，張衡是我國古代科學家，不屬于現(xiàn)代；D項內容也不符合文章意思，文章并沒有敘述張衡的愛好。答案：C2解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Zhang Heng(78 AD139 AD) was a great astronomer .”和最后一句“he turned to astronomy after age 30”可知C項正確。答案：C3解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句“When an earthquake occurred, a ball fell out of the dragon's mouth into a frog's mouth, making a noise.”以及常識可知D項為正確答案。答案：D4解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句“In the year 123 he corrected the calendar to bring it into line with the seasons.”可知B項與文章內容不符，張衡只是修正了歷法，使之與季節(jié)相符合，而不是發(fā)明了歷法。根據(jù)文章第二段中的“He published several wellrecognized literary writings.”可知A項符合原文意思；根據(jù)最后一段第一、二句可知，C項和D項符合文章意思。答案：B5解析：詞義猜測題。結合單詞所在句子的語境可推測submitted應為“提出，主張”的意思。答案：DBThese days when someone says a puter has a bug in it, usually they mean that there' s a problem with one of its programs.But back in the early days of puters, a woman named Grace Hopper was part of the team that discovered the very first puter bug. As a mathematician, Hopper had been hired(雇用) by the navy to help program the new Mark puter, whose job was to quickly solve the math problems ships and airplanes used to find their way.The Mark worked by reading instructions from a long strip of paper with holes punched(打孔) in it. The puter translated the patterns of holes into the math problems it was supposed to solve.One afternoon in 1947 Hopper and her team were running a program. But the puter wasn't giving them the right results. They finally ended up taking the Mark apart, looking for problems.It was a dead moth(蛾)! The moth was blocking some of the holes on the paper strip no wonder the puter didn't know what to do.Hopper knew that the term “bug” had been used before when there were problems with machines. But this was the first time a puter had ever had one. She thought it was funny that it was a real bug. Some people think Hopper was the first person to use the word “debug” to mean “get rid of the problems in a puter”Grace Hopper worked with puters her whole life and went on to bee a rear admiral(海軍少將) in the US. Navy. She was the first person to write a wordbased puter language. This makes it easier for people to tell puters what to do. Some people called her “Grandma COBOL”， but to most she was just “Amazing Grace”6According to the text, Grace Hopper _.Acreated the term “bug”Binvented the Mark puterConce piloted ships and airplanesDwas the first to “debug” a puter program7The dead moth caused the Mark puter to _.Abreak downBrun faster than beforeCgive wrong informationDpunch more holes in the paper8We can learn from the text that _.Athere were few women scientists in the early 19th centuryBGrace Hopper was the first person to use puter languageCGrace Hopper made great contributions to puter scienceDGrace Hopper had been a teacher before working in the US. Navy9This text is mainly about _.Athe early life of Grace HopperBthe origin of the first puter bugCthe history of the Mark puterDthe function of the Mark puter答案與解析：本文是記敘文。文章介紹了首個計算機bug的由來及其發(fā)現(xiàn)者Grace Hopper。6解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Grace Hopper .discovered the very first puter bug”和第六段的“Hopper was the first person to use the word debug to mean get rid of the problems in a puter”可知，Grace Hopper是第一個debug計算機程序的人。debug指“檢測并排除(計算機程序中的)故障”。答案：D7解析：細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“But the puter wasn't giving them the right results”以及第五段的“The moth .the puter didn't know what to do”可知，死蛾導致了馬可計算機不能給出正確結果。答案：C8解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的介紹可知，Grace Hopper為計算機科學做出了巨大的貢獻。答案：C9解析：主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了首個計算機bug的由來。答案：B