第二部分 語法專題研究,專題八 動(dòng) 詞,命題點(diǎn)1 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 命題點(diǎn)2 系動(dòng)詞 命題點(diǎn)3 助動(dòng)詞,直擊中考考點(diǎn),考情概覽,考點(diǎn)精講,現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)用,第一節(jié) 動(dòng)詞的分類與辨析,第二節(jié) 動(dòng)詞短語辨析,直擊中考考點(diǎn),考情概覽,考點(diǎn)精講,現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)用,第三節(jié) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,命題點(diǎn)1 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法 命題點(diǎn)2 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法,直擊中考考點(diǎn),考情概覽,考點(diǎn)精講,現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)用,動(dòng)詞辨析是湖南各地市近3年中考的重要考點(diǎn)。命題點(diǎn)主要有以下三個(gè)方面： 1. 動(dòng)詞語境辨析：主要在完形填空中考查，單項(xiàng)填空中較少涉及。 2. 近義動(dòng)詞辨析：主要在單項(xiàng)填空中考查。 3. 系動(dòng)詞：僅在單項(xiàng)填空中考查過一次感官動(dòng)詞詞義辨析（look）。,考情概覽,第一節(jié) 動(dòng)詞的分類與辨析,直擊中考考點(diǎn),動(dòng)詞詞義辨析是湖南近3年中考完形填空的考查重點(diǎn)，在單項(xiàng)填空中考查較少。同時(shí)，單項(xiàng)填空與完形填空中也會(huì)涉及近義動(dòng)詞辨析，如花費(fèi)（take， cost， spend與pay）、穿（put on， wear， dress與be in）、說話（tell， talk， speak與say）。,考點(diǎn)精講,實(shí)義動(dòng)詞含有實(shí)在的意義，表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，可在句中獨(dú)立作謂語。根據(jù)其在句中是否直接加賓語，可細(xì)分為：及物動(dòng)詞（vt.）和不及物動(dòng)詞（vi.）。 及物動(dòng)詞 及物動(dòng)詞本身意義不完整，需要接賓語才能使其意思表達(dá)完整，如tell, take, ask, make， reach等。如： He reached Canada the day before yesterday.他前天到加拿大的。,不及物動(dòng)詞 不及物動(dòng)詞后面不能直接跟賓語,如swim, sleep, sit, smile, come等；若后面要接賓語，必須與介詞連用。如： Lucy is swimming. 露西正在游泳。 近義動(dòng)詞辨析 近義動(dòng)詞辨析是湖南近3年中考的考查重點(diǎn)，主要考查考生對(duì)同義詞的辨析，單項(xiàng)填空和完形填空中均有設(shè)題。下面列舉幾組常見的近義動(dòng)詞辨析：,1.watch，look，see與read具體講解詳見本書第一部分七年級(jí)（上）Units 5-9 P14 2.speak, tell, talk與say具體講解詳見本書第一部分七年級(jí)（下）Units 1-3 P4 3.dress，put on，wear與be in 具體講解詳見本書第一部分七年級(jí)（下）Units 1-3 P14 4.spend, take, cost與pay具體講解詳見本書第一部分七年級(jí)（下）Units 7-9 P14,系動(dòng)詞（3年1考1次）,命題點(diǎn)2,系動(dòng)詞本身沒有意義，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，無被動(dòng)語態(tài)，必須和表語一起構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、特征或身份。具體分類見下表：,助動(dòng)詞（具體內(nèi)容在右側(cè) 二維碼中呈現(xiàn)，掃碼即現(xiàn)）,命題點(diǎn)3,助動(dòng)詞,2. How was the concert last night? It was so good. Though it _ nearly four hours, few people left early. A. played B. reached C. lasted,1. My brother _ to move the heavy box, but I didnt give up. A. reminded B. refused C. agreed,B,C,現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)用,3. We have to go now, David. Lets _ goodbye to Grandpa. A. tell B. speak C. say,4. Mom is making dinner. It _ so nice! A. smells B. tastes C. sounds,C,A,5. Im sorry I left my homework at home. Shall I go and _ it? No, you neednt. Bring it here tomorrow. A. get B. send C. carry,A,6. Who _ the tennis game yesterday？ Jack. He all the others. A. beat; won B. won; won C. won; beat,7. She is rich, but she never _ too much money on clothes. A. spends B. pays C. takes,8. Dont try to _ your mistakes. You should face them bravely. A. take B. hide C. change,C,B,A,9. The speaker _ the listeners by his excellent speech. A. impressed B. taught C. pressed,10. How can I improve my reading? I think the most important is to _ a good habit of reading. A. develop B. show C. make,A,A,第二節(jié) 動(dòng)詞短語辨析,分析湖南近3年中考真題可知，動(dòng)詞短語在單項(xiàng)填空和完形填空中都是考查重點(diǎn)，考查方式以“同一動(dòng)詞+不同介詞”為主，少量涉及“不同動(dòng)詞+同一介詞”、“不同動(dòng)詞+不同介詞”。常考短語有：look短語、take短語、give短語、turn短語和put短語等。同時(shí)還會(huì)考查used to詞組和have gone / been to詞組辨析。,考情概覽,直擊中考考點(diǎn),湖南近3年中考對(duì)動(dòng)詞短語的考查分三種形式： 1. 相同動(dòng)詞+不同介詞 2. 不同動(dòng)詞+相同介詞 3. 不同動(dòng)詞+不同介詞,考點(diǎn)精講,其中“相同動(dòng)詞+不同介詞”是考查重點(diǎn)。動(dòng)詞短語辨析旨在通過題干或具體語境考查考生對(duì)上下文的理解能力、對(duì)動(dòng)詞短語不同搭配的識(shí)別和記憶能力、準(zhǔn)確辨析動(dòng)詞短語并恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用的能力。所以考生應(yīng)對(duì)常見的動(dòng)詞短語牢記于心，尤其是要運(yùn)用到具體語境中，方便理解記憶。常見的動(dòng)詞短語如下：,相同動(dòng)詞+不同介詞,不同動(dòng)詞+相同介詞,不同動(dòng)詞+不同介詞 1. come out of 由產(chǎn)生；go pass經(jīng)過，路過；go into進(jìn)入（2015懷化35題） 2. give up放棄；give out分出，散步；turn on打開（2015岳陽28題） 3. put on穿上；take off（飛機(jī)）起飛，脫掉（衣服）；cut up切碎（2014懷化27題）,4. go on繼續(xù)；get up 起床；come on加油（2014湘潭43題） 5. take out取出；go away走開；fall down掉落，跌倒（2013懷化37題） 6. listen to聽；hear of 聽說；look for尋找（2013永州39題）,其它動(dòng)詞短語辨析 1. 辨析used to do sth., be/get used to doing sth. 與be used to do sth.具體講解詳見本書第一部分九年級(jí)（全）Units 3-4 P12 2. 辨析have been to, have gone to與have been in 具體講解詳見本書第一部分八年級(jí)（下）Units 9-10 P4,2. The book wont _ until the end of the year. A. come out B. come over C. come true,1. Steven, we should _ the bus at the next stop. A. get up B. get off C. get in,B,A,現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)用,3. Youd better _ your paper and see if there are any mistakes. A. look out B. look through C. look for,4. China is going to _ a manned（載人的） space station around 2020 to explore more space. A. set up B. put up C. wake up,B,A,5. The children _ very early because they live far away from the school. A. take off B. turn off C. set off,6. Recycling is good, so dont _ bottles or newspapers. A. find out B. hand in C. throw away,7. As time _, youll gradually think of English as your friend and love it. A. goes by B. runs out C. turns up,C,A,C,8. The sun is so bright that I cant see anything. I must _ my sunglasses at once. A. put down B. put up C. put on,9. Jack, your little sister is sleeping. Please _ the TV. A. turn up B. turn down C. turn into,C,B,第三節(jié) 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞,分析湖南近3年中考真題可知，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞在湖南各地市中考真題中主要在單項(xiàng)填空中考查，完形填空涉及較少。單項(xiàng)填空以情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法為主，其次為情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法；完形填空以其基本用法為主，很少涉及表推測(cè)的用法。,考情概覽,直擊中考考點(diǎn),情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法是湖南近3年中考的高頻考點(diǎn)。?？嫉那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞有：can, cant, neednt, must, mustnt, may, should，主要在單項(xiàng)填空中考查不同情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的辨析。,考點(diǎn)精講,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法,注 意 1. 由need引出的一般疑問句，肯定回答常用must或have to;否定回答常用neednt。如： Need I answer the question?我需要回答這個(gè)問題嗎？ Yes, you must/have to./No, you neednt.是的，你必須回答。/不，你不需要。 2. 由must引出的一般疑問句，肯定回答用must；否定回答用neednt或dont/doesnt have to。,湖南近3年中考真題對(duì)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法主要在單項(xiàng)填空中考查，完形填空中尚未考查。?？嫉谋硗茰y(cè)的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞有：cant和must。,【方法突破】考生在解答此類試題時(shí)，可以從以下幾方面著手： 1. 表示否定的推測(cè)：此類題一般是考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法，語境會(huì)對(duì)所要填的空給出提示，據(jù)此可以判斷是否定，此時(shí)最好用can not/cant； 2.表示可能性推測(cè)：此類題一般也會(huì)有相關(guān)的語境提示，如Im not sure，who knows等，此時(shí)最好用may或might。 3. 表示肯定的推測(cè)：只有一種可能，只要語境中有非常明顯的肯定提示詞，則直接選must。因此考生在復(fù)習(xí)時(shí)要掌握常見情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法。,情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示肯定推測(cè),情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示否定推測(cè),2. Must I come at 6:30 tomorrow morning? No, you neednt. You _ come one hour later. A. can B. need C. should,1. Look at the “No parking” sign. You _ park your car here. A. can B. neednt C. mustnt,C,A,現(xiàn)學(xué)現(xiàn)用,3. The girl in the classroom _ be Maria. She called me from the library just now. A. mustnt B. may not C. cant,B,C,4. We _ be more careful, or we will make the same mistake in the experiment. A. might B. can C. should,5. After such a long walk, the little boy _ be tired now. A. cant B. must C. need,C,6. Dad, Im so tired! Must I do the chores right now? No, you _. You can do it later. A. neednt B. couldnt C. mustnt,7. _ I have breakfast now， mum? No, you cant. The first thing you should do is to wash your hands. A. May B. Need C. Must,A,A,8. Jack _ come to our school to make a speech tomorrow. Im not sure. A. cant B. may not C. mustnt,9. The class begins at nine oclock, so you _ get up so early. A. mustnt B. cant C. neednt,C,B,