第33講 賓語從句,中考對賓語從句考查的重點(diǎn)是引導(dǎo)詞、時態(tài)和語序。,高頻考向一 賓語從句的引導(dǎo)詞 賓語從句是陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞用that，在口語中that可以省略。如： We believe (that) he is honest.我們相信他是誠實(shí)的。,如果賓語從句由一般疑問句轉(zhuǎn)換而來，其引導(dǎo)詞用if或whether。一般情況下，二者可以通用，但從句中有or not或從句充當(dāng)介詞的賓語時，只能用whether。如： I don't know if/whether she will come here.我不知道她是否將來這兒。 Sorry，I don't know whether he will come or not.對不起，我不知道他是否會來。,賓語從句是特殊疑問句時，引導(dǎo)詞就是特殊疑問詞。如： Could you tell me where the post office is？你能告訴我郵局在哪里嗎？ The teacher asked the students what they were doing.老師問學(xué)生他們正在做什么。,【例1】Look at the stone bridge！Do you know _ it was built? In the 1860s.It is quite old.(2016，安徽) Awhen Bhow Cwhere Dwhy 答案：_ 解析：由答語中In the 1860s.可知問句詢問的應(yīng)該是時間。句意：“看這座石橋！你知道它是什么時候建成的嗎？”“19世紀(jì)60年代。它相當(dāng)古老了?！?A,【例2】 Do you know _ Deng Chao is? He is an actor.He is the team leader in the popular reality TV show Running Man.(原創(chuàng)題) Awhich Bwhen Cwhat Dhow 答案：_ 解析：which“哪一個，哪一些”，詢問人或物；when“什么時候”，詢問時間；what“什么”，詢問事物或職業(yè)；how“怎樣，怎么”，詢問方式或感受等。由答語He is an actor.可知問句詢問的是職業(yè)。,C,高頻考向二 賓語從句的時態(tài) 賓語從句中的謂語動詞的時態(tài)是由主句中謂語動詞的時態(tài)來決定的，一般有下面幾種情況： 主句的時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時、一般將來時或祈使句時，從句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)要根據(jù)具體的情況用相應(yīng)的任何時態(tài)。如： He says he will ask Mr. Hu to give Jim some work.他說他將讓胡先生給吉姆一些工作。,主句的時態(tài)為過去時態(tài)時，從句的謂語動詞的時態(tài)要用相應(yīng)的過去的某一時態(tài)。如： She said she missed us very much.她說她非常想念我們。 從句表示的是客觀真理、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象時，從句的時態(tài)一律使用一般現(xiàn)在時。如： He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.他說太陽比地球大。,【例3】 Could you tell me _ the Space Museum? Sure，next Monday. Awhen we visited Bwhen did we visit Cwhen we will visit Dwhen will we visit 答案：_ 解析：由答語next Monday(下周一)可知，賓語從句應(yīng)用一般將來時態(tài)，故排除A、B兩項(xiàng)；賓語從句應(yīng)用陳述語序。,C,【例4】 Yesterday the teacher told us the earth _ the sun.(2016，煙臺) Agoes around Bwent around Cis going around Dwould go around 答案：_ 解析：結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知句意為“昨天老師告訴我們地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)”。本句為含有賓語從句的主從復(fù)合句，當(dāng)從句所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容為客觀真理時，不管主句是什么時態(tài)，從句都用一般現(xiàn)在時。,A,高頻考向三 賓語從句的語序 1在含有賓語從句的復(fù)合句中，賓語從句要使用陳述語序，即“引導(dǎo)詞主語謂語其他”。如： I want to know when the train left.我想知道火車是什么時候離開的。,【注意】有些特殊疑問句本身是陳述語序。如： What's wrong with.? Which is the way to.? What happened to you.? What's the matter/trouble.? Who studies the hardest in your class?,do you think后接賓語從句時，特殊疑問詞即引導(dǎo)詞要前置，do you think作為插入語。如： Who do you think he is talking with？你認(rèn)為他正在和誰交談？ 2由do，does，did構(gòu)成的疑問句，在轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語從句時，要去掉do，does，did，且從句中的謂語動詞要根據(jù)主句時態(tài)作出相應(yīng)的變化。如： “Does he sing well？”The music teacher asked him. The music teacher asked him if(whether)he sang well.這個音樂老師想知道他唱得是否很好。,3如果是will，be，have，can組成的疑問句，在變?yōu)橘e語從句時，要把這些詞還原到句中原來的謂語位置上，并根據(jù)主句的時態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化。如： “Will you be free tomorrow？”She asked me. She asked me if(whether) I would be free tomorrow.她問我明天是否是空閑的。,【例5】 I wonder _. It will fall on a Saturday.(2016，廣東) Ahow will National Day fall on this year Bhow National Day will fall on this year Cwhat day will National Day fall on this year Dwhat day National Day will fall on this year 答案：_ 解析：賓語從句應(yīng)用陳述語序；結(jié)合答語中的“Saturday”可知，空格處問的是“今年的國慶節(jié)是星期幾”。,D,【例6】 Can you tell me _ this morning? Sorry，I've no idea. Awhy didn't Daming come to school Bwhy Daming didn't come to school Cwhy doesn't Daming come to school Dwhy Daming doesn't come to school 答案：_ 解析：由this morning可知事情發(fā)生在過去，故排除C、D兩項(xiàng)；賓語從句應(yīng)用陳述語序。,B,高頻考向四 賓語從句的否定前移 在賓語從句中，當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞為think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等時，如果主句是第一人稱時，從句中表示否定意義的not應(yīng)移到think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等前。如： I don't suppose he will come.我猜他不會來。 【注意】如果主句主語不是第一人稱，則不用否定前移。如： She thinks she can't arrive there on time.她認(rèn)為她不能按時到那兒。,【例7】 翻譯：我認(rèn)為明天不會下雨。 _ 高頻考向五 賓語從句的轉(zhuǎn)化 當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且謂語動詞是hope，wish，decide等時，從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如： I hope that I can see you again. I hope to see you again.我希望能再次見到你。,I don't think (that) it will rain tomorrow.,當(dāng)賓語從句的主語和主句的主語相同，且謂語動詞是know，remember，forget，learn等時，從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“疑問詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如： I don't know what I should say. I don't know what to say.我不知道該說什么。,當(dāng)主句的謂語動詞是ask，tell，show，teach等，且賓語從句的主語和主句的間接賓語一致時，從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”或“疑問詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如： Mr. Hu tells us that we shouldn't draw on the wall. Mr. Hu tells us not to draw on the wall.胡老師告訴我們不應(yīng)該在墻上畫畫。 Will you please tell me where I can buy stamps? Will you please tell me where to buy stamps？你能告訴我在哪兒能買到郵票嗎？,有些賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)，其主句的謂語動詞常為find，think，make等。如： I think it is necessary for us to learn to wait. I think it necessary for us to learn to wait. I find she is a good girl.I find her a good girl.,由what引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為定語從句。如： We did what we could to help you. We did everything (that) we could to help you. Robert saw what Mr. Smith did. Robert saw everything (that) Mr. Smith did.,【例8】 將下列句子改為簡單句。 The teacher told the boy he shouldn't spend too much time playing games. 答案：_ _ 解析：主句的謂語動詞是tell，賓語從句的主語是主句的間接賓語，故從句可簡化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)：tell sb. not to do sth.。,The teacher told the boy not to spend too much time playing games.,