M5U2The environmentPeriod Learning notes for Welcome to the unit & Reading【 Learning goals】1.Learning some new words: comment; lay; debate; concern; operate; quantity2.Learning some new expressions: result in; cut back on; think ofout (of) as; use up; run3.Learning some sentence patterns: 倍數(shù)表達； way 作先行 引 的定 從句；what 引 的主 從句；分 作狀 【 Language focus】詞匯 -1. comment【教材原句】If you have any questions or comments, you can use this time to express them. (P22)【例句研 】翻 句中劃 部分。(1)I dont feel I can comment on their decision.(2)He refused to comment until after the trial.(3)She made helpful comments on my work.(4)He handed me the document without comment.【自主 】comment (1) 性 _詞義 _(2) 性 _詞義 _【即 鞏固】用 comment 的適當(dāng)形式填空。(1) 你 生災(zāi) 的原因有何 ？_ to make about the cause of the disaster?(2) 人 的 我不作 。_what people say.(3) 有什么 或意 ？Does anyone have questions or _.詞匯 -2. lay【教材原句】These boats catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to lay eggs. (P22)【例句研 】翻 句中劃 部分(1)The hen lays eggs every day._(2)Please lay the table for dinner._(3)The couple laid aside some money for their old age._(4)The president laid great emphasis on would peace._(5)Some workers were laid off because of a shortage of materials._【自主 】(1)lay 性_詞義_(2)lay 去式_ 去分 _ 在分 _(3) lie 詞義_ 去式_ 去分 _ 在分 _(4) lie 詞義_ 去式_ 去分 _ 在分 _【即 鞏固】用 lay 和 lie 的適當(dāng)形式填空第 1頁If you like, you can_ down on your bed, _ yourself in a comfortable position, and _ to yourselfthat you dont like _ there, or you can imagine where you would like to _ the eggs after the hens_eggs.詞匯 -3. debate【教材原句】We are following our usual schedule for debates. (P22)【例句研讀】翻譯句中劃線部分以完成漢語句子(1)They have been debating for several hours without reaching a conclusion.他們好幾個小時，仍然沒有得出一個結(jié)論。(2)The two sides debated with each other about who was the best for a whole day.雙方就誰是最優(yōu)秀的問題一整天。(3)He was debating whether to go for a walk or to visit a friend.他 _是去散步還是去拜訪一位朋友。(4) A fierce debate on the tax cut was going on.一場圍繞著減稅的正在進行中。(5)They re alwaysarguing with each other about money.他們總是。(6)Have you discussed the problem with anyone?你與誰這個問題？【自主歸納】(1)debatevi. & n.意為：_(2)debate with sb. about sth._(3)have a debate_(4)under debate_(5) _ 指在正式場合， 和意見對立的一方進行全面地、徹底地、 比較正式地爭論，重在各述理由，雙方交鋒。(6) _ 指就自己的看法、立場條理清楚地提出贊成或反對某事的理由，以說服他人。(7) _ 重在交換意見，進行討論，不含有意說服對方的成分。【即時鞏固】根據(jù)中文提示，完成句子(1) 他們正準(zhǔn)備展開一場全國性的爭論。They are preparing to open up a national _.(2) 新規(guī)則正在討論中。The new rules are _.詞匯 -4. concernn. & v.【教材原句】 It is clear that you are very concerned about the present situation of our environment. （ P23）【例句研讀】 翻譯句中劃線部分以完成漢語句子(1)My greatest concern is what she thinks of me.是她認(rèn)為我怎么樣。(2) The boy s poor health concerned his parents.那男孩健康狀況不佳，。第 2頁(3) Were all concerned about her safety.我們大家。(4)We read stories concerning visitors from outer space.我們讀了天外來客的故事。(5)The persons concerned are to be punished.將受到懲罰。(6)As far as Im concerned, I dont mind that you wear this mini-skirt.，我不介意你穿這件迷你裙。(7)The coat is fine as far as color is concerned, but it is not of very good quality.這件上衣還不錯，但質(zhì)量不太好?！咀灾鳉w納】(1)concernn.詞義_v.詞義 _(2)concerningprep 詞義 _(3)concerned 詞性 _ 作表語時，意思為：_ ；作后置定語時，意思為：_(4)as/so far as sb./sth. is concerned 這個句型用來引出個人的觀點與看法，意為：_【即時鞏固】(1)The people _ were really _the facts _Marycar crash. sA. concerned; concerned with; concernedB. concerning; concerned with; concerningC. concerning; concerned about; concernedD. concerned; concerned about; concerning(2)This book deals with questionsthe Second World War.A. concernedB. be concernedC. concerningD. being concerned(3) _ that he has no qualifications in business management, Ken plans to gain the necessary skills by takinga part-time course.A. ConcerningB. ConcernedC. BeingconcernedD. To concerned詞匯 -5. operate v【教材原句】The people operating these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.(P23)【例句研讀】寫出下列句子中operate 的含義(1)They operate three factories and a huge warehouse._(2)Inthe laboratory,Tavellaoperated the wheel- chairjust bythinkingabout movinghis leftor righthand._(3)The surgeons operated on her for a tumor._(4)The machine operates quite efficiently._(5)The medicine will operate in ten minutes._【自主歸納】翻譯下列短語(1)operate on sb.(for .)_(2)operation n._come/go into operation_be in operation_詞匯 -6. quantity n 數(shù)量，量第 3頁【教材原句】 Ms Lin suggested we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in order to save the environment. (P23)【自主 】in quantity/in large quantities( in large amounts) 大量地quantities of 名 復(fù)數(shù) 多 ，大量 a quantity of 名 數(shù) 【例句研 】翻 句子（ 1） There are only a small quantity of flowers left in the garden._（ 2） Why does the Lake smell terrible? Because large quantities of water have been polluted._（ 3） Its cheaper to buy goods in (large) quantities._【 想 】種種 “ 多 ”有多少？a great many可數(shù)名 復(fù)數(shù)a number ofa great amount oflarge amounts of 不可數(shù)名 a great deal of詞匯 -7. result in【教材原句】This will result in a small number of fish left for us to eat in the future.(P22)【例句研 】翻 句中劃 部分(1) The earthquake resulted in many thousands of death.(2) Job losses resulted from changes in production.(3) She died as a result of her injuries.(4) This book is the results of 25 years of research.【自主 】(1)result in意 ： _(2)result from意 ： _(3)as a result of意 ： _(4) as a result意 ： _【即 鞏固】根據(jù) 提示，完成句子(1) 次事故 致了兩個乘客的死亡。The accident _ the death of two passengers(2) 我 仍然在 理以前的 造成的 。We are still dealing with problems _ errors made in the past.(3) 由于大雪他 到了。He was late _ the snow.第 4頁(4) 他 了所有的 爭者，最 得了 學(xué)金He defeated all competitors and won the scholarship _.詞匯 -8. cut back on【教材原句】It is our duty to try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make andbuy.(P22)【例句研 】翻 句中劃 部分(1) To save money, we should cut back on our spending.(2) Many companies are cutting back on staff i n time of financial crisis .(3) If we cannot sell more, we will have to cut back on production.【自主 】 用下列 填空cut across 走捷徑，抄近路cut off 隔 、斷 、（ 路）切斷、“剪下 ”、 “砍掉 ”；cut up 切割開來、切碎cut through 穿、穿 、穿透；抄近路cut down 砍倒、削減、 ，cut in 插 cut out 碎 , 砍碎(1)We are going tothe mountain to build a free way here.(2)Shethe cake and gave each of us a piece.(3)The floodthe villagersfrom the rest of the world.(4)You d betterthe articleto about 2,000 words.(5)Dont try towhile others are talking.(6) In order not to be late, shethe fields.【即 鞏固】(1)Half of the forest was _ to make room for the road.A. cut back onB. cut offC. cut outD. cut down(2) I was just talking to Margaret when Jackson.A. cut inB. cut downC. cut outD. cut up(3)He was in hospital for six months. He felt as if he was _ from outside world.A. cut outB . cut offC. cut upD. cut through(4)While prices are rising so fast, many people are working out ways to _down their expenses.A. cutB. putC. turnD. settle詞匯 -9. think of as 【教材原句】We need to stop thinking of companies and businessmen as the enemy, and give them morecredit!(P23)【例句研 】翻 句子(1) I think of this place as my home.(2) She is thought of as a possible future director.(3) I cant think of a better place for our party.(4) The committee have thought carefully over this plan.【自主 】(1) think highly of_(2)think of_第 5頁(3)think about_(4)think aloud _(5)think nothing of_【即時鞏固】(1) 我會經(jīng)常想起你的。Ill be _you all the time.(2) 她經(jīng)常想起她的老朋友。She often _ her old friends.詞匯 -10. use up【教材原句】 The number of people in the world keeps growing, and we are producing more rubbish and using up more raw materials. (P25)【例句研讀】翻譯句中劃線部分以完成漢語句子(1) They had to stop halfway because they had used up the oil.他們不得不半道停下來，因為他們。(2)After a month ， their food supplies gave out.一個月后，他們的食物貯備。(3) We have run out of milk.我們?！咀灾鳉w納】(1)use up 意為： _，為及物動詞短語。(2)run out of 用完，耗盡 =為及物動詞短語run out 用完，耗盡 =為不及物動詞短語，不能用于被動語態(tài)(一般指時間， 金錢，食物等用完 )。(3)give out 用完，耗盡，為不及物動詞短語（一般指食品，耐心，精力等耗盡）。【即時鞏固】(1) With his money _ ， he couldn t go home.A. leavingB. missedC. running outD. run out(2) A teacher s too long speech can make the students patience _.A. to run out ofB. to run outC. run outD. run out of詞匯 -11.run out (of) 用完，耗盡【教材原句】What if they run out ?(P25)【例句研讀】翻譯句子（ 1） Time ran out before we could get down to the details of the plan._（ 2） The car ran out of petrol, and to make things worse I had no money!_【自主歸納】run out, run out of, give out, use uprun out用完，耗盡不及物動詞短語，其主語通常為時間、食物、金錢等run out of用完及物動詞短語，其主語一般為人give out耗盡，用完不及物動詞短語，其主語通常是物分發(fā)，散發(fā)出及物動詞短語第 6頁use up用光，用完及物 短 ，其主 一般 人【即 鞏固1】 以上短 填空（ 1） We had just reached the motorway when the petrol _.（ 2） They_money and had to abandon the project.（ 3） After three- hour climbing the mountain, her patience _.【 想 】run 短 （ 1） run_遇到（ 2） run _ 碾 ，溢出（ 3） run _ 追逐，追趕（ 3） run _ 偶然碰 ，偶然 【即 鞏固2】Food supplies in the flood- stricken area _.We must act immediately before theres none left.A have run outB are running outChave been run outD are being run out句型 -1.【教材原句】The world s population has grown by six times what it was.(P22)【句法分析 】此句意 ：世界人口已 上 了以前的六倍。此句中six times 表示倍數(shù)，后接一名 性從句。倍數(shù)的表示法有三種。(1)倍數(shù) +名 (2)倍數(shù) +as as (3) 倍數(shù) +比 +than【即 鞏固】根據(jù)要求翻 句子。(1) 洲是歐洲的四倍大。 （用 as as ）(2) 條街是那條街的四倍 。 (用倍數(shù) +名 )(3) 要 子比那要 子 兩倍。 （用倍數(shù) +比 ）句型 -2.【教材原句】 First I am talking to you today about the way vast areas of the world are damaged by chemical waste.(P22)【句法分析 】句中 vast areas of the world are damaged by chemical waste 是定 從句，修 先行 theway 。 修 way 的定 從句可以用關(guān)系代 that 或 in which 引 ，也可以不用任何引 ?！炯?鞏固】 用適當(dāng)?shù)?完成下列各句(1)The way_ he is doing the experiment is very funny.(2)It is not what he said but the way_ he said it _made his parents angry.A. which; thatB. /; thatC. that; whichD. which; what句型 -3.【教材原句】 What I m here to say is that having worked with many environmental consultants, I know that a healthy environment and development should be possible at the same time. (P23)【句法分析 】此句中what I m here to say是一個由what 引 的主 從句。如果主 是由what 引 的主 從句，表 能看得出 復(fù)數(shù)形式的，一般由表 來決定 的 復(fù)數(shù)形式。如果表 看不出 復(fù)數(shù)， 用 數(shù)形式。【即 鞏固】用適當(dāng)?shù)?完成下列各句(1)What we need _ better laws to preserve the environment and still allow our country to grow.(2) What matters most in learning English_ enough practice.(3) What he referred to in his article _ unknown to the general reader.第 7頁(4) What some people regard as a drawback_ seen as a plus by many others.句型 -4.【教材原句】 Asking around, I find many people willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the environment.(P23)【語法分析 】 asking around四“處打聽 ”，在句中做狀語，ask 與句子的主語I 的關(guān)系是主動的關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞，如果是被動關(guān)系，則用過去分詞?！炯磿r鞏固】(1) _ the children the way she does, Sue should become a teacher.A. LikingB. LikedC. LikeD. To like(2) _ the right kind of training , these teenage soccer players may one day grew the international stars.A. GivingB. Having givenC. To giveD. Given(3)_ with a difficult situation, Arnold decided to ask his boss for advice.A. To faceB. Having facedC. FacedD. Facing(4) _ on a park bench and _ the brightly colored leaves _ gently to the ground, he felt at peace with the world.A. Sitting; watching; fallC. Sitting; watching; to fallB. To sit; watch; fallingD. To sit; watching; falling【 Feedback】I. 單項填空1. After a long _, the bill was passed by the House of the Commons.A. argueB. debateC. discussD. quarrel2. What caused this terrible traffic accident? In my opinion, his carelessness _ this terrible traffic accident.A. resulted inB. brought inC. took inD. got in3.The government has announced plans to cut back _ _defense spending _ 10% next year.A. upon; toB. on; byC. of; byD. for; to4. I m still working on my project. Oh, you ll miss thedadline. Time is _.A. running outB. going outC. giving outD. losing out5._ we move the picture over there? Do you think it ll look better?A. What about?B. How farC. What ifD. How come6.Ten years ago the population of our village was_that of theirs.A. as twice large asB. twice as large asC. twice as much asD. as twice much as7.Just in front of our house_with a history of 1,000 years.A. does a tall tree standB. stands a tall treeC. a tall tree is standingD. a tall tree stands8.He is not a bit mean; instead he is always_to help anyone in trouble.A. possibleB. probableC. likelyD. willing第 8頁9. At home, we should use _ to live a low-carbon life.A. energy as little as possibleB. energy as little as possibleC. as little energy as possibleD. as little as possible energy10. We still have a long way to go to solve all the problems _ the Yangtze River.A. in charge ofB. with regard toC. in place ofD. in honor ofII. 根據(jù)方框內(nèi)所 短 的適當(dāng)形式完成句子ask aroundside by sidepour intobe concerned aboutopen the floorwork withcut back onsee as1. When _, I found Tom was a good boy in the eyes of his neighbors.2. The two children are walking to school _.3. TV presenter, thank you. Let s _ for questions.4. After his first novel was published, he was _ one of the most outstanding new authors of his generation.5. It shows your friends havent stopped _ you.6. Mary had to _ expenses when his father was out of work.7. He is _ some environmental consultants to preserve the Yellow River.8. More and more waste and poison _ the water, the soil and the air.第 9頁