Period Learning notes for Word power & Grammar and usage【Learning goals】1.Learning a new sentence pattern:more than 2.Learning grammar: Verb-ed formVerb-ed phrasesVerb-ing and verb-ed used as adjectives【 Language focus】句型【教材原句】The boy was more frightened than hurt.(P50)【句法分析 】句中的 more . than . 構(gòu)意 “與其 倒不如 ”，此 構(gòu) more后面的內(nèi)容， 表示同一個人或事物的兩種特征 比， more 和 than 后接不定式、形容 、 副 的原 、名 或介 短 等兩個并列成分。【即 鞏固】翻 句子（ 1） Dont be too hard on him. Hes more cheated than stupid._（ 2） This story is no more interesting than that one. Neither this story nor that one is interesting._（3） This story is not more interesting than that one. This story is not so/as interesting as thatone._（ 4） Once is more than enough. How can you do it again?_【自主 】 出下列短 no more than_no more . than ._not more than_not more . than ._more than_Grammar and usage:Verb-ed formVerb-ed phrasesVerb-ing and verb-ed used asadjectives一、 去分 的句法功能： 去分 具有形容 和副 的特征，在句中可作定 、表 、 足 、狀 等。（一）作定 作定 的 去分 相當(dāng)于形容 ，其 主 就是它所修 的名 。Vt 的 去分 作定 ，表被 或既表被 又表完成；Vi 的 去分 作定 ，只表完成。1. 個的 去分 作定 常放在被修 的前面， 去分 短 放在被修 的后面。被 染的水polluted water一個被打破的玻璃杯a broken glass一名 有素的 士a trained nurse升起了的太陽the risen sun落葉 fallen leaves舊 used books第 1頁【注意】(1) 有些單個的過去分詞， 如 left（剩余的）、concerned（有關(guān)的） 等，習(xí)慣上用作后置定語。(2) 過去分詞修飾something, anything, everything, nothing, anybody, somebody, nobody,everybody 等不定代詞或指示代詞those 時 ,要放在這些詞的后面。2. 過去分詞作定語時相當(dāng)于一個定語從句，但它比定語從句更簡潔，其 “被動 ”與 “完成 ”的含義可以通過從句表現(xiàn)出來。The retired scientist is famous for his invention.= The scientist who has retired is famous for hisinvention.They held a meeting, attended by over five hundred people.= They held a meeting, which wasattended by over five hundred people.【注意】 現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞都可作定語，但現(xiàn)在分詞表達(dá)的是正在進(jìn)行的事情，有主動意義；而過去分詞表示的是已完成的事情，有被動意義。The man writing the letter is my friend. = The man who is writing the letter is my friend.The broken glass scattered on the ground. = The glass that was broken scattered on the ground.（二）作表語過去分詞作表語時，表示主語的狀態(tài)，且該狀態(tài)通常是由外界因素引起的，這時過去分詞可以被看作一個形容詞化的過去分詞。All of us were moved to tears at the sorrowful story.聽了那個悲傷的故事，我們感動得流下淚來。The shops have remained shut for a week.這些商店關(guān)門一周了?！咀⒁狻窟^去分詞作表語時，形式上和動詞的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)相似,但兩者表達(dá)的意義不同。由過去分詞作表語構(gòu)成的系表結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)主語的特點(diǎn)或所處的狀態(tài)，構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)的過去分詞，則強(qiáng)調(diào)動作。The book is well written.(系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示主語的特點(diǎn))The book was written by LuXun.(被動結(jié)構(gòu)，表示動作)（三）作補(bǔ)足語作賓補(bǔ)的過去分詞一般都來自Vt，和賓語有邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系?？梢詭н^去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的動詞常見的有see, hear, watch, feel, find, notice, observe, think等表示感覺和心理狀態(tài)的動詞和 have, make,get 等使役動詞，以及with 的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。The boy found himself lost in the forest.那個男孩發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在森林里迷路了。When you are making a speech, you should speak louder to make yourself heard. 在作報告時，你應(yīng)該大點(diǎn)聲使自己被人聽清。He sat there, with his hands tied behind.他作在那里，手被捆在后面。I found him surrounded by a group of children.我發(fā)現(xiàn)他被一群孩子包圍著?！咀⒁狻坑芍鲃诱Z態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)后，原來的賓語補(bǔ)足語成為主語補(bǔ)足語。He was found surrounded by a group of children.(四 )作狀語過去分詞作狀語時，與句子的主語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，可以表示時間， 原因，條件， 結(jié)果，讓步，第 2頁行 方式或伴隨情況等。1. 表 ，相當(dāng)于一個 狀 從句。如果分 表示的 作與 作同 生，可以在分 前用 when, while 等使其 意 更明確。When ( he was ) asked the question, he answered he wanted to do it.當(dāng) 到那個 ,他回答他愿意去做。2. 表原因，相當(dāng)于一個原因狀 從句。Written ( = As it was written ) in a hurry, her letter is very hard to read. 因 寫得快， 她的信很 。Being poor, he can t go to school因 . ,他無法上學(xué)。3. 表?xiàng)l件，相當(dāng)于一個條件狀 從句。Heated (= If iron is heated ), iron expands. 受 會膨 。Once recovered, he will go all out to do his work.一旦康復(fù)，他準(zhǔn) 出去工作。4. 表 果I finally reached the finishing line bitterly exhausted.我 于跑到了 點(diǎn),疲 不堪。5. 表 步，相當(dāng)于一個 though/although 引 的 步狀 從句。Tired (Although they were tired ) by the running, they went on running after the robber.盡管已 跑得筋疲力盡,他 是 追趕著那個 盜。6. 表方式或伴隨She walked out of the house, followed by her little daughter. 她走出了屋子，后面跟著她的小女兒。He continued to walk up and down, lost in thought.他不停地來回走 ，陷入沉思?！咀⒁狻?1) 有些 去分 因來源于系表 構(gòu) ,作狀 不表被 而表狀 。 的 去分 短 及短 有： lost, seated, hidden, lost/absorbed in, born, dressed in, tired of, etc.Born in this beautiful town, he hates to leave it.出生于 個美 的小 , 他不愿意離開它。(2) 分 的 主 不是句子的主 ， 不用分 ， 用完整的狀 從句，或把分 的 主 直接放在分 的前面， 即獨(dú)立主格 構(gòu)。 種 構(gòu)在句中多作伴隨狀 ， 亦可用來表示 、原因、條件等。Everything considered, we set off for the tourist destination.Weather permitting, we will go out.The teacher having finished the lesson, the students left the classroom.There being no enough money, he couldnt buy the dictionary that he wanted.(3) done 作狀 表示 作和其 主 之 存在被 關(guān)系且和 的 作幾乎同 生，或不 生的 ； having been done 作狀 被 及 作在主句 的 作之前 生。Led by the Chinese Communist Party, we live a happy life.Having been shown around the lab, the students visited the meeting room.= After they had been shown around the lab,第 3頁二、 去分 和 在分 用作形容 英 中有很多與感 有關(guān)的Vt, 其 在分 表示主 意 ， 事物的內(nèi)在特有性 與特點(diǎn)，即 “令人有某種感 ”，主 通常是物；而 去分 表示被修 的 “自身感到 ”，主 一般是人。如 :exciting- excited astonishing- astonished delighting- delighted disappointing-disappointedencouraging- encouragedfrightening- frightenedinteresting- interestedmoving- movedpleasing- pleasedshocking- shockedtiring- tiredworrying- worriedsatisfying-satisfied【注意】修 人的聲音、 表情等，常用 去分 ， 如 ones surprised look 某(人吃驚的表情), one s excitedvoice( 某人 的聲音) ，但有 也可用 在分 來修 人的聲音、表情等。比 ：看到蛇，女孩尖叫起來。The girl let out a frightened cry at the sight of the snake.(The girl feltfrightened.)他那令人恐怖的吼聲把女孩 嚇跑了。 His frightening shout scared the girls.(The shout was frightening and the girls felt frightened .) 似的：an exciting voice令人 的聲音an excited voice自己感到 的聲音a puzzling look令人迷惑不解的表情a puzzled look自己感到困惑的表情【 Feedback】1. What did the librarian _ out of the library?A. permit to takeB. forbidto be takenC. allow to takeD. insist beingtaken2. - Mum, why do you give me so much popcorn?- _ the boring time.A. KillB. KillingC. To killD. Having killed3. What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of the spaceship was _ the joy with all the Chinese.A. shareB. sharedC. having sharedD. about to share4.When she was alone at home, Mary needed a friend _.A. playing withB. having played withC. to play withD. with whom toplay5._ the big snake, the little girl stood under the tree _ out of life.A. Seeing; frightenedB. Seeing; frighteningC. Seen; frightenedD. To see; frightening6.Could you give me a hand _ from a car, please?第 4頁A. to carry the shoppingB. for carrying the shoppingC. and carrying shoppingD. carrying the shopping7. Every minute must be made full use of _ our lessons, for the college entrance examination is coming.A. going overB. to go overC. go overD. our going over8.Who did the teacher have _ an article for the wall newspaper just now?A. writtenB. writingC. writeD. to write9.She is looking forward as much to his return as he himself to _ her.A. have seenB. seeingC. seeD. be seen10. There are ten waiting rooms at the newly-built station, _ 20,000 people in all.A. seatingB. seatedC. sittingD. to seating11. “ If , ” he added,“ _ enough time, I would certainly have done it better.”A. to giveB. I was givenC. givenD. to be given12. - Can t you take a few days off from work to go with me to New York?- Sure. _ my way and I will be glad to.A. PayB. If you payC. To payD. Paying13. _ the answer, Tom, who asked the question, still stood with his hand _.A. Giving; raisedB. Given; raisedC. Given; risenD. Giving; rising14. - Shall we go swimming?- Ok, I ll just go and get _.A. to changeB. myself changedC. changedD. to be changed15. - Would you do me a favor?- I regret _ I am busy right now.A. to sayB. sayingC. having saidD. to have said16. I have no one _ me, for I am a new comer here.A. helpB. helpingC. to helpD. to have helped17. The building _ in our school is for us teachers. Though there s noise most of the day, westill feel happy about it.A. builtB. having been builtC. to be builtD. being built18. There s _ what the weather will be like tomorrow.A. no knowingB. not knownC. not knowingD. no known19. - You _ part in the party on time.- Sorry, I was delayed by the accident.A. are to takeB. were supposed to takeC. were to have takenD. supposed to take?20. _ with the size of the whole earth, the highest mountain doesn t seem high at all.A. When comparedB. To compareC. While comparingD. It compared21. _ in her best suit, the girl tried to make herself _ at the party.第 5頁A. Dressed; noticedB. Dressing; noticingC. Dressed; noticingD. Dressing; noticing22. The matter _ your study surely requires _ carefully.A. relating to; dealing withB. related to; dealt withC. related to; being dealt withD. relating to; having dealt with23. Everything _ into consideration, they believed themselves more and returned to their positions.A. to takeB. takenC. to be takenD. taking24. - What do you think of the plan?- It s easier said than _.A. carried outB. carrying outC. carry outD. to carry out25. Many businessmen attended the Boao Forum ( 博鰲論壇) because they knew what _ fromthe forum.A. to getB. to be gotC. gotD. getting26. There was a famous person at the party whom everyone would like _to themselves.A. to introduceB. to be introducedC. introducingD. being introduced27. - Were you at home last Sunday?- Yeah! I devoted the whole day to _ the English grammar.A. reviewB. reviewingC. be reviewedD. being reviewed28. Prices of daily goods _ through a computer can be lower than store prices.A. are boughtB. boughtC. been boughtD. buying29. _, John returned to school from his hometown.A. The summer vocation being overB. The summer vocation is overC. Because the summer vocation overD. After the summer vocation being over30. _ she can t come, who will do the work?A. SupposedB. SupposingC. Having supposedD. Being supposed31. - Is there anything you want from town?- No, thank you. But I would like to get _.A. those letters mailedB. mailed lettersC. to mail those lettersD. those letters mail32. After the guests left, she spent as much time as she could _ the rooms.A. tidy upB. to clear awayC. clear awayD. tidying up33. _ it or not, this dictionary has shocked everyone in scientific circles.A. BelieveB. To believeC. BelievingD. Believed34. To tell you the truth, I d rathernwatchreadTV;thathe programs seem _ all the time.A. to get worseB. to be getting worseC. to have got worseD. getting worse35. After the Arab states won independence, great emphasis was laid on education, with girls as第 6頁well as boys _ to go to school.A. to be encouragedB. encouragingC. encouragedD. be encouraged36. Everyone had an application form in his hand, but no one knew which office _.A. to send it toB. to send itC. to be sent toD. to have it sent37. The foreign tourists have visited many scenic spots in Shanghai, _ as interpreter.A. the guide actsB. the guide actingC. actingD. acted38. Linda is thought to _ _ in Africa, but I really don t know what country she worked in.A. have workedB. workC. be workingD. be worked39. _ time and labor, cartoonists generally draw the hands of their characters with only 3 fingers and a thumb.A. To saveB. SavedC. SavingD. Having saved40. _ money if you can and many poor children in the poor mountainous areas will be able to go back to school.A. Having givenB. GivenC. To giveD. Give41. Whatever trouble Mr. White had _ with the case, he would stick to his own opinion.A. dealB. to dealC. dealtD. dealing42. _ the distance was too long and the time was too short, we decided not to drive to Florida.A. DiscoveringB. To discoverC. To have discoveredD. Discovered43. What surprised me most was that there appeared a _ look on her face on hearing the unexpected news.A. worryingB. worriedC. worryD. worries44. If you go to the West Lake in Hangzhou, you will find it more attractive than commonly_.A. supposingB. to supposeC. supposedD. being supposed45.- Haven t you seen the sign, _“ NO PHOTOS”?- I m really sorry I didn t.A. readsB. to readC. readD. reading46._ nice and delicious, the fried chicken was soon sold out.A. TastedB. Being tastedC. TastingD. To taste47.- The plan is heard _ so well that we don t have to make any changes.-It is indeed.A. to designB. designingC. designedD. design48.The woman found it no good _ her daughter too much money.A. givingB. being givenC. givenD. gave49.Her dress has become loose. She appears _ weight.A. to loseB. being lostC. losingD. to have lost50.I find these problems are easy _.A. to be worked outB. to work them out第 7頁C. to work outD. to be worked them out51. The purpose of new drugs used on patients is to make them less painful, _ them more terrible.A. not makeB. not to makeC. not makingD. do not make52. -I would like to buy an expensive camera.-Well. We have several models _.A. to choose fromB. chosenC. to be chosenD. for choosing53. Tigers _ meat-eating animals _ meat.A. belonged to; fed onB. belonging to; feed onC. were belonged to; feed onD. belonging to; feeding on54. -Is it _ the bad smell that is difficult?-Of course.A. how getting rid ofB. got rid ofC. to get rid ofD. being got rid of55. Never _ off your coat; it s rather cold outside.A. takeB. takingC. to takeD. taken第 8頁