M6U3Understanding each otherPeriod Learning notes for Welcome to the unit & Reading【 Learning goals】1. Learning some new words: difference; suppose; congratulate; permit; familiar; adjust; accustomed2. Learning some new expressions: take off; take up3. Learning some sentence patterns: Why don虛 t語you氣； ?;名 作主 ；have trouble(in) doing sth.【 Language focus】詞匯 -1. difference n.【教材原句】Can you tell me about some cultural differences you have found?(P34)【例句研 】翻 句中的劃 部分，注意difference 的意 和搭配(1)I can never tell the difference between the twins.(2)The rain didn t make much difference to the game.(3)Your age should make no difference to whether you get the job or not.(4)Changing jobs made a big difference to my life.【自主 】 性 化difference(n.)adj. 不同的，有區(qū) 的；有差異的v. 不同于熟 下列 ：make no difference (to sb./sth.) 某人 /某事不重要、不要 make some difference (to sb./sth) 某人 /某事有些作用或影響tell the difference between A and B 出 A 和 B 的不同之 A differ from B=A and B differ from each other=A be different from BA 不同于 B/ A 與 B 不同完成下列句子（一句多 ）：在 方面法 和英 不同。in this aspect.【即 鞏固】(1)It won t make much _ whether you agree or not.A. difficultyB. troubleC. differenceD. matter(2)The two birds _ each other in shape and color. So I can t tell the _betweenthemA. are different from; differentB. differ from ; differentC. different from ; differenceD. differ from ;difference(3)ChineseEnglish greatly not only in pronunciation but also in spelling.A. differing fromB. different fromC. differs fromD. is differ from詞匯 -2. suppose v.【教材原句】 Roosters are supposed to drive bad spirits away from the wedding ceremony, and hens are thought to ensure good luck for the marriage.(P34)【例句研 】翻 句中的劃 部分，注意suppose的意 和搭配(1)The game was not as one-sided as we had supposed.(2)We have no reason to suppose that he has done anything illegal.(3)You are supposed to make a copy of the contract before you mail it.(4)The restaurant is generally supposed to make excellent dishes.第 1頁(5) I don t suppose you knowher telephone number.(6) I think their new building is really impressive. Well, I suppose so.(7)Suppose the little girl to be your daughter, what would you do?(8)Suppose/Supposing (that)you won the lottery, what would you do ?【自主 】句型 （ suppose 的重點(diǎn)用法）(1) All of his friends will suppose her to be his wife.All of his friendsshe is his wife.(2)If you had one million dollars, what would you do ?one million dollars, what would you do?(3) Roosters are thought to drive bad spirits away from the wedding ceremonyRoostersdrive bad spirits away from the wedding ceremony.(4)We should have helped each other.Wehelp each other.【即 鞏固】(1)The meetingtake place on Tuesday, but we had to postpone it.A. supposed toB. mustC. was supposed toD. was supposing to(2) Will she join us in the competition tomorrow? No,.A. I think soB. I don t hope Cso.Believe it or notD. I suppose not詞匯 -3. congratulate v.【教材原句】 During the ceremony, the hen laid an egg, and everyone congratulated the new couple because it was considered very lucky.(P34)【例句研 】翻 下列句子，注意congratulate 的搭配(1)I congratulate you on your great discovery.(2)I want to congratulate you with all my heart.(3)He congratulated himself on having survived the air-crash.【自主 】辨析 congratulate 與 celebratecongratulate 表示 “向某人表示祝 ，向某人道喜”，其 是sb.，可構(gòu)成短 congratulatesb. on (doing)sth. 。其名 congratulation（常用復(fù)數(shù)形式）可構(gòu)成短 congratulations to sb.on sth./doing；celebrate 表示 “ 祝 ” ， 是sth.。其名 celebration 可構(gòu)成短 incelebration of意 “（ 了） 祝 ”。用上述兩 填空（注意形式的 化）(1)Last week we held a party toour success.(2)Wehim on having passed the exam.(3)The party was inof Mother s silver wedding.(4)to you on entering Beijing university.【即 鞏固】(1)Famous physicists from all over the world came to the US to _the centennial ofEinsteins birth.A. observeB. congratulateC. celebrateD. keep(2)When the Chinese team won the match, many footballfans organized differentactivities_ the success.A. to congratulateB. celebratedC. to express congratulationsD. in celebration of第 2頁詞匯 -4. permit v. & n.【教材原句】 Another difference is that while we serve food, soft drinks, tea and coffee, alcohol is not permitted at the wedding reception in fact, alcohol is altogether prohibited in Brunei.(P34)【例句研 】翻 句中的劃 部分，注意permit 的 性（形） 化、意 和搭配(1)The policeman permitted him to park there.(2)He doesn t permit smoking in his room.(3)If time permits, I will go to meet you.(4)Time permitting, I will go to meet you.(5)You can t hunt for animalswithout a hunting permit.(6)He entered the office without permission.【自主 】 出下列 允 某人做某事（某人）被允 做某事允 做某事被允 做某事【即 鞏固】(1)Weather, we ll go for a picnic tomorrow.A. promisingB. permitsC. allowedD. permitting(2)What did the librarian _ out of the library?A. permit to takeB. forbid to be takenC. allow to takeD. insist being taken(3)I don t allow _ in my office and I don t allow my family _ at all.A. to smoke; smokingB. smoking; to smokeC. to smoke; to smokeD. smoking; smoking(4)Passengers are permitted _ only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.A. to carryB. carryingC. to be carriedD. being carried詞匯 -5. familiar adj.【教材原句】 For example, I have fond childhood memories of Bonfire Night, but my American friends are not familiar with that particular festival.(P35)【例句研 】翻 下列句子，注意familiar 的意 和搭配(1)Are you familiar with these details?(2)His voice on the phone sounded familiar to me.(3)He s familiar with me so he often greets me by my first names in a familiar way.【自主 】 用下列 填空(be) familiar with對 熟悉（指前者 后者的熟悉）(be) familiar to 為 所熟悉（指后者 前者的熟悉）(be/become) popular with/among 受 迎的(be) particular about 究 /挑剔(1)The nurselittle children.(2)His nameus.(3)Wehis name.(4)Chinese food isAmericans.(5)She is fond of dressing up herself so sheher clothes.(6)Upon arriving there, he was astonished to find every placehim.【即 鞏固】第 3頁(1)The only one in our office that is_ the new system is Jimmy, in whose absence, we had nochoice but to wait.A. familiar toB. popular withC. popular toD. familiar with(2)Everyone can sing this song. It means this song is_ people.A. familiar withB. popular withC. popular forD. familiar for(3)She has already tried her best. Please don t be to _ about her job.A. popularB. responsibleC. familiarD. particular詞匯 -6.adjustvi.& vt. 適應(yīng)，習(xí)慣；調(diào)整，調(diào)節(jié)【教材原句】Its quite funny watching the new foreign teachers trying to adjust to doing that.(P35)【例句研讀】翻譯句子（ 1） He wants to do well in his studies and adjust to the new culture._（ 2） These desks and seats can be adjusted to the height of any child._（ 3） If fate does not adjust itself to you, you should make an adjustment to fate._【自主歸納】翻譯下列短語(1)adjust to (doing) sth._adjust .to ._adjust oneself to (doing) sth._(2)adjustment n._make an adjustment_詞匯 -7. accustomedadj.習(xí)慣于；慣常的【教材原句】 Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it.（ P35）【例句研讀】 翻譯句子（ 1） Most developed nations have become dependent on digital technology simply becausetheyve grown accustomed to it._（ 2） No one wishes to deal with a person who is accustomed to breaking his word._（ 3） It shouldnt take long to accustom your students to working in groups._【自主歸納】翻譯下列短語(1)get/become/grow/be accustomed ( used) to (doing) sth._(2)accustom vt._accustom sb./oneself to (doing) sth._第 4頁詞匯 -8.take off 和 take up【教材原句】(1)Another thing is, if you came to Brunei ,you would have to take off our shoesbefore going into someone s house.(P35)(2)I have no idea what he will do with them all and it took up a lot of time. (P42)【例句研讀】譯出劃線部分，注意take off 在句中的意義(1)He took off his clothes and got into the bath.(2)The plane takes off at 8:30 a.m.(3) Her singing career has just begun to take off.(4)He took two weeks off in August.【例句研讀】譯出劃線部分，注意take up在句中的意義(1)He took up smoking when he was at school.(2)Alfred has just taken up playing the guitar.(3)Taking outdoor exercise will take up too much of your time.(4)These boxes of yours are taking up too much space.(5)No one took up my suggestion.(6)Mrs. Pankhurst took up the cause of women s rights.(7)They took up arms and fought for their faith and freedom.【自主歸納】根據(jù)漢語用take 所構(gòu)成的詞組填空（注意動(dòng)詞形式的變化）(1)Who was it thatmy English-Chinese dictionary? 是誰拿走了我的英漢詞典？(2)The cluba new member last week.俱樂部上星期又吸收了一名新會(huì)員。(3)I forgot tohis telephone number.我忘了記下他的電話號(hào)碼。(4)The insect canthe color of its surroundings.這種昆蟲能隨環(huán)境而變色。(5)My father ismeto a show tonight. 我父親今天晚上要帶我去看表演。(6)George willhis fathers business soon.喬治很快就要接管他父親的事業(yè)了。(7)You shouldto play computer games.我們應(yīng)該輪流玩電腦游戲?！炯磿r(shí)鞏固】(1)We tried to find a table for seven, but they were all.A. given awayB. kept awayC. taken upD. used up(2)This was the moment when Jackson s career really.A. took awayB. took inC. took upD. took off句型 -1.【教材原句】Waled, why don t you tell her about the British teacher who opened the present assoon as he received it at the end-of-term ceremony.(P34)【句法分析】 本句中“why dont you do sth.?句型”的句法功能是表示“建議”；另一種表達(dá)方式為 “Why not do sth? ，”而 Why not? 作為答語時(shí)表示“贊同 ”?！炯磿r(shí)鞏固】(1) How about putting some pictures into the report?A picture is worth a thousand words.A. No way.B. Why not?C. All right?D. No matter.(2)Since you like the car so much,_ it back?A. why driveB. why won t driveC. why not driveD. why to drive句型 -2.【教材原句】And you probably wouldnt get much sleep if you lived near where a weddingreception was being held.(P34)第 5頁【語法分析】句中 “wouldnt get much sleep if you lived用了 “”if虛擬條件句 ”。if 虛擬條件句主從句謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成情況從句謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成主句謂語動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過去式（ be 用 were）should/would/could/might+ 動(dòng)詞原形與過去事實(shí)相反had+過去分詞should/would/could/might +have+ 過去分詞過去式與將來事實(shí)相反should+動(dòng)詞原形should/would/could/might+ 動(dòng)詞原形were+ 不定式【即時(shí)鞏固】(1)If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier.A. will beB. would have beenC. could have beenD. would be(2)If it _ tomorrow, we_ put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.A. rains; would have had toB. were to rain; will have toC. should rain; would have toD. rained; should have had to(3)_for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often.A. If it is notB. If it were notC. If it had not beenD. If they were not句型 -3.【教材原句】After all, learning about cultural differences is a good a way to understand moreabout each other.(P35)【句法分析】本句中用 “l(fā)earning about cultural differences 動(dòng)名詞短”語作主語，在這種情況下，一要注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)；二要注意主謂一致?！炯磿r(shí)鞏固】(1)in a heavy traffic jam is quite an unpleasant experience.A. CaughtB. Having caughtC. Being caughtD. To catch(2) What made him embarrassed?A. Being late againB. For being late againC. Be late againD. So as to be late again句型 -4.【教材原句】Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it. (P35)【句法分析】have (there is) trouble (in) doing sth.意為 “做某事有困難”； trouble 為不可數(shù)名詞，前面可加修飾詞much, little,no 等。 trouble 可換用 difficulty( 不可數(shù)名詞 )；若 trouble后跟名詞，介詞in 換成 with ?！炯磿r(shí)鞏固】翻譯句子（ 1） Not having got enough hands, we had great difficulty in carrying out the task._（ 2） Tom and his father had trouble with Chinese customs and culture during the travel._（ 3） You can hardly imagine the difficulty we had (in) solving the problem._【聯(lián)想歸納】與 have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.類似的結(jié)構(gòu)還有： hav做某事有困難第 6頁 find some / great / no / little difficulty in doing sth. 在做某事方面有些 /很大 /沒有 /幾乎沒有困 【 Feedback】I. 填空1.During the flight to the Moon, Chang e I Satellite graduallyher directions so that shecan go into her programmed orbit.A. acceptsB. adoptsC. adjustsD. adapts2.The UN is the international organization which _ all countries to settle any conflictsbetween two countries.A .lose power overB. has power overC. seize the power ofD. come into power of3. What about this car, sir? _the high price, the design is not very satisfying. I think we will have a look at another one.A. ButB. ExceptC. Apart fromD. Except for4.What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has_？A. given outB. put outC. held upD. used up5. We could invite John and Barbara to the Friday night party. Yes, _ ? I ll give them a call right now.A. why notB. what forC. whyD. what6.The villageis a verydifferent placeit was when I was a boy and there are manythe view of the villagersA. from what; differences fromB. from what; differences inC. from that; differences fromD. from that; differences in7.On October 1st every year all the Chinese people hold great partiesthe birthdayof New China.A. in celebration ofB. in memory ofC. in favor ofD. in praise of8.Ifyou, I would go with him to the party.A. I amB. I had beenC. I will beD. I were9.If Iyour letter, I would have written back two days ago.A. receivedB. should receiveC. had receivedD. could have received10. If itrain next week, the farmers could still have a good harvest.A. shouldB. couldC. wouldD. mightII. 根據(jù)方框內(nèi)所 短 的適當(dāng)形式完成句子show aroundbe supposed todrive awayadjust totake offbe familiar withmeet withgets accustomed to1.Having lived in the countryside for so many years, my grandparents find it hard _ the citylife.2. In 1944, he met Edith Piaf, and from then on his career.3.When we got there, he _us _their village warmly.4.Please drive the dog away while the child is asleep.5.The meeting _ take place on Tuesday, but weve had to postpone it till next Monday.6.I wonder why on earth you don t know the bare fact, which I think every schoolboy.7.She _sleeping with windows open in summer.第 7頁8.There were people at the entranceleaflets.第 8頁