人教版,英語(yǔ),第33講 賓語(yǔ)從句,中考對(duì)賓語(yǔ)從句考查的重點(diǎn)是引導(dǎo)詞、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)序。,高頻考向一 賓語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞 賓語(yǔ)從句是陳述句，引導(dǎo)詞用that，在口語(yǔ)中that可以省略。如： We believe(that)he is honest.我們相信他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的。 如果賓語(yǔ)從句由一般疑問(wèn)句轉(zhuǎn)換而來(lái)，其引導(dǎo)詞用if或whether。一般情況下，二者可以通用，但從句中有or not或從句充當(dāng)介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，只能用whether。如： I don't know if/whether she will come here.我不知道她是否將來(lái)這兒。 Sorry，I don't know whether he will come or not.對(duì)不起，我不知道他是否會(huì)來(lái)。,賓語(yǔ)從句是特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，引導(dǎo)詞就是特殊疑問(wèn)詞。如： Could you tell me where the post office is？你能告訴我郵局在哪里嗎？ The teacher asked the students what they were doing.老師問(wèn)學(xué)生他們正在做什么。,【例1】I'm waiting for the mail.Do you know _ it will arrive? Usually it comes by 4：00 pm.(2015，青島) Ahow Bwhere Cwhen Dwhat 解析：how意為“怎樣”；where意為“在哪里”；when意為“什么時(shí)候”；what意為“什么”。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)看，空格所在句是含賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句，此處缺少引導(dǎo)詞，由答句句意“通常在下午4點(diǎn)之前來(lái)?！笨赏浦?，問(wèn)句句意為“你知道它什么時(shí)候到嗎？”。 答案：_C_,【例2】 Do you know _ Dengchao is? He is an actor.He is the team leader in the popular reality TV show Running Man now.(2015，連云港) Awhich Bwhen Cwhat Dhow 解析：which“哪一個(gè)，哪一些”，詢(xún)問(wèn)人或物；when“什么時(shí)候”，詢(xún)問(wèn)時(shí)間；what“什么”，詢(xún)問(wèn)事物或職業(yè)；how“怎樣；怎么”，詢(xún)問(wèn)方式或感受等。由答語(yǔ)He is an actor.可知問(wèn)句詢(xún)問(wèn)的是職業(yè)。 答案：_C_,高頻考向二 賓語(yǔ)從句的時(shí)態(tài) 賓語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)是由主句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)來(lái)決定的，一般有下面幾種情況： 主句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)、一般將來(lái)時(shí)或祈使句時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要根據(jù)具體的情況用相應(yīng)的任何時(shí)態(tài)。如： He says he will ask Mr. Hu to give Jim some work.他說(shuō)他將讓胡先生給吉姆一些工作。 主句的時(shí)態(tài)為過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去的某一時(shí)態(tài)。如： She said she missed us very much.她說(shuō)她非常想念我們。,從句表示的是客觀真理、普遍真理、自然現(xiàn)象時(shí)，從句的時(shí)態(tài)一律使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。如： He said that the sun is bigger than the earth.他說(shuō)太陽(yáng)比地球大。,【例3】 Could you tell me _ the Space Museum? Sure，next Monday. Awhen we visited Bwhen did we visit Cwhen we will visit Dwhen will we visit 解析：由答語(yǔ)next Monday(下周一)可知，賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用一般將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，故排除A、B兩項(xiàng)；賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用陳述句語(yǔ)序。 答案：_C_,【例4】 Can you tell me _ the prize，Tom? Last year. Awhen you got Bwhen did you get Cwhen will you get Dwhen you will get 解析：賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序須是陳述句語(yǔ)序，排除B、C項(xiàng)；由答句last year可知從句的時(shí)態(tài)為一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 答案：_A_,高頻考向三 賓語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)序 在含有賓語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句中，賓語(yǔ)從句要使用陳述語(yǔ)序，即“引導(dǎo)詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)其他”。如： I want to know when the train left.我想知道火車(chē)是什么時(shí)候離開(kāi)的。 注意：有些特殊疑問(wèn)句本身是陳述句語(yǔ)序。如： What's wrong with.? Which is the way to.? What happened to you.? What's the matter/trouble.? Who studies the hardest in your class?,do you think后接賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，特殊疑問(wèn)詞即引導(dǎo)詞要前置，do you think作為插入語(yǔ)。如： Who do you think he is talking with？你認(rèn)為他正在和誰(shuí)交談？,由do，does，did構(gòu)成的疑問(wèn)句，在轉(zhuǎn)換成賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要去掉do，does，did，且從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要根據(jù)主句時(shí)態(tài)作出相應(yīng)的變化。如： “Does he sing well？”The music teacher asked him. The music teacher asked him if(whether)he sang well.這個(gè)音樂(lè)老師想知道他唱得是否很好。,如果是will，be，have，can組成的疑問(wèn)句，在變?yōu)橘e語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，要把這些詞還原到句中原來(lái)的謂語(yǔ)位置上，并根據(jù)主句的時(shí)態(tài)作相應(yīng)的變化。如： “Will you be free tomorrow？”She asked me. She asked me if(whether) I would be free tomorrow.她問(wèn)我明天是否是空閑的。,【例5】 Hi，Bruce.Here is a letter for you. Thanks.I wonder _. Awho the letter was from Bwho was from the letter Cwho was the letter from Dwho from the letter was 解析：賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用陳述語(yǔ)序，即be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞都應(yīng)放在主語(yǔ)后，在此賓語(yǔ)從句中，主語(yǔ)是the letter，謂語(yǔ)was from應(yīng)放在主語(yǔ)后，故排除選項(xiàng)B和C；選項(xiàng)D將from置于主語(yǔ)前，是錯(cuò)誤的。句意“嗨，布魯斯。這兒有你的一封信?！薄爸x謝。我想知道這封信是誰(shuí)寄來(lái)的?！?答案：_A_,【例6】 Can you tell me _ this morning? Sorry，I've no idea. Awhy didn't Daming come to school Bwhy Daming didn't come to school Cwhy doesn't Daming come to school Dwhy Daming doesn't come to school 解析：由this morning可知事情發(fā)生在過(guò)去，故排除C、D兩項(xiàng)；賓語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)用陳述句語(yǔ)序。 答案：_B_,高頻考向四 賓語(yǔ)從句的否定前移 在賓語(yǔ)從句中，當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等時(shí)，如果主句為I或we時(shí)，從句中表示否定意義的not應(yīng)移到think，believe，expect，imagine，suppose等前。如： I don't suppose he will come.我猜他不會(huì)來(lái)。 【注意】如果主句主語(yǔ)不是I或we，則not不前移。如： She thinks she can't arrive there on time.她認(rèn)為她不能按時(shí)到那兒。,【例7】 翻譯：我認(rèn)為明天不會(huì)下雨。 答案：I_don't_think_(that)_it_will_rain_tomorrow.,高頻考向五 賓語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)化 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是hope，wish，decide等時(shí)，從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)。如： I hope that I can see you again. I hope to see you again.我希望能再次見(jiàn)到你。 當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)相同，且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是know，remember，forget，learn等時(shí)，從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“疑問(wèn)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如： I don't know what I should say. I don't know what to say.我不知道該說(shuō)什么。,當(dāng)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是ask，tell，show，teach等，且賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的間接賓語(yǔ)一致時(shí)，從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為“不定式結(jié)構(gòu)”或“疑問(wèn)詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。如： Mr.Hu tells us that we shouldn't draw on the wall. Mr.Hu tells us not to draw on the wall.胡老師告訴我們不應(yīng)該在墻上畫(huà)畫(huà)。 Will you please tell me where I can buy stamps? Will you please tell me where to buy stamps？請(qǐng)告訴我在哪兒能買(mǎi)到郵票？,有些賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，常用動(dòng)詞find，think，make。如： I think it is necessary for us to learn to wait. I think it necessary for us to learn to wait. I find she is a good girl.I find her a good girl. 由what引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句可轉(zhuǎn)化為定語(yǔ)從句。如： We did what we could to help you. We did everything (that) we could to help you. Robert saw what Mr.Smith did. Robert saw everything (that) Mr.Smith did.,【例8】 將下列句子改為簡(jiǎn)單句。 The teacher told the boy he shouldn't spend too much time playing games. 解析：主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是tell，賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是主句的間接賓語(yǔ)，故從句可簡(jiǎn)化為不定式結(jié)構(gòu)：tell sb. not to do sth.。 答案：The_teacher_told_the_boy_not_to_spend_too_much_time_playing_games.,