第24講 代詞和連詞,代 詞 【名題實(shí)戰(zhàn)】 1I don't like _ _ watch.I like _.(2015，天津) Ame；your Bmy；your Cme；yours Dmy；yours 2We can't do it that waybut whether it will work is _ _ matter.(2015，安徽) Aother Banother Ceach Devery,D,B,3Our teacher was very happy because _ _ failed the examination.(2015，江西) Asomebody Bnobody Canybody Deverybody 4All of us find _ _ necessary to take exercise every day.(2015，克拉瑪依) Athis Bthat Cthem Dit 5Hurry up，kids！The school bus is coming.We have _ _ time left.(2015，廣州) Afew Ba few Clittle Da little,B,D,C,【考點(diǎn)梳理】 甘肅各地市英語中考中，代詞也是考查的重點(diǎn)之一。考生要從以下幾方面來進(jìn)行復(fù)習(xí)： 1人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法； 2it，one(s)，that，those等作替代詞的用法； 3指示代詞，疑問代詞，反身代詞的用法； 4不定代詞的用法。尤其是all，both，either，neither，none，another，the other，some，others，the others等的用法。,高頻考向一 人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞 1人稱代詞有人稱、數(shù)和格的變化；人稱代詞有主格和賓格之分。通常主格用作主語，賓格用作賓語，這一考點(diǎn)成為了考查代詞的主要形式之一，并且越來越受到各地的歡迎。具體變化見下表：,注：人稱代詞作并列主語時的排列順序： 單數(shù)形式：you and I；you，he and I； 復(fù)數(shù)形式：we and you；we and they；we，you and they。 但承擔(dān)責(zé)任時總是第一人稱在前。 及物動詞和介詞之后的人稱代詞要用賓格，尤其要注意并列賓語。,2表示所有關(guān)系的代詞叫物主代詞。物主代詞分形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞，有人稱和數(shù)之分。具體見下表：,形容詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于形容詞，可在句中作定語。名詞性物主代詞的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，在句中可用作主語、賓語和表語。如： My books are on the desk.Where is yours? 我的書在桌子上，你的書在哪里？,3反身代詞是人稱代詞的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式，一般用在賓語和主語是同一個人的情況下，或用來強(qiáng)調(diào)某人親自怎樣。單數(shù)后加­self，復(fù)數(shù)后加­selves；不定代詞one也有反身代詞oneself。英語中用來表示“我自己”，“你自己”，“他自己”，“我們自己”，“你們自己”等意義的代詞稱為反身代詞，有人稱和數(shù)的變化。反身代詞可以在句中作賓語，表語，同位語。 具體變化見下表：,反身代詞的常見搭配： enjoy oneself玩得高興，過得愉快 hurt oneself傷著自己 teach oneself learn.by oneself自學(xué) (all) by oneself (完全)獨(dú)立地 help oneself to請自便，隨便吃 look after oneself自理，照顧自己 leave one by oneself把單獨(dú)留下 lose oneself in陶醉于，沉浸于,【例1】 Uncle Tom will come to visit _ next Saturday.(2015，濟(jì)寧) Awe Bus Cour Dours 解析：動詞visit后跟人稱代詞的賓格形式。 答案：_B_,【例2】 This is _ school bag._ is on the desk.(2014，賀州) Ayour；Mine Byours；Mine Cmy；You Dyour；My 解析：第一個空在句中作定語，修飾后面的名詞school bag，故用形容詞性的物主代詞；第二個空在句中作主語，且后面不能接名詞，故應(yīng)用名詞性物主代詞。 答案：_A_ 【例3】 Nowadays I can choose online courses and study by _. AI Bme Cmy Dmyself 解析：此題考查反身代詞的用法，根據(jù)句意得知“我自己自學(xué)”。 答案：_D_,高頻考點(diǎn)二 不定代詞 1普通不定代詞的用法 some與any some和any均表示“一些”，既可修飾可數(shù)名詞，也可修飾不可數(shù)名詞。some一般用于肯定句中，any多用于疑問句、否定句和條件句中。但在疑問句中，當(dāng)表示說話人希望得到肯定回答或表達(dá)請求、建議時應(yīng)用some。 many與much many修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)，還可以與表示程度的副詞so，too，as，how連用。much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，也可以與表示程度的副詞so，too，as，how連用。,either與neither either指兩個人或物中的一個；neither指兩個人或物中一個也不，常構(gòu)成固定搭配either/neither of名詞/代詞的復(fù)數(shù)謂語動詞(第三人稱單數(shù)形式)；當(dāng)either.or.和neither.nor.連接兩個主語時，謂語動詞應(yīng)與離它最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 both與all both表示“兩者都”，常與and連用；all指“三者或三者以上都”，常與of連用。,each與every each和every都表示“每一個”。each強(qiáng)調(diào)個體，當(dāng)它作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式；every強(qiáng)調(diào)整體情況；修飾名詞時謂語動詞也要用單數(shù)形式。另外，each可指兩個或兩個以上的人或物，而every只可指三個或三個以上的人或物。 (a) few與(a) little (a) few和(a) little具有名詞或形容詞的性質(zhì)，在句中可作主語、賓語、定語等。(a) few與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用；(a) little與不可數(shù)名詞連用。few和little表示否定，指“幾乎沒有”，在反意疑問句中尤其要注意；a few和a little指“有一些”，相當(dāng)于some。,other，the other，others與another other作形容詞，意為“別的，其他的”，常用在單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞的前面；the other表示已知兩個人或事物中的另外一個，表示特指，常與one連用；others表示泛指，意為“其他的人或物”，常用于“some.，others.”結(jié)構(gòu)中；the others表示特指，意為“其他的人或物”；another表示三者或三者以上的另外一個。,2復(fù)合不定代詞的用法 在反意疑問句中，當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是指人的復(fù)合不定代詞，如everybody，nobody，anyone等時，疑問部分的主語通常用代詞they；當(dāng)陳述部分的主語是指物的復(fù)合不定代詞，如everything，anything，something，nothing等時，疑問部分的主語通常用代詞it。 當(dāng)形容詞或else修飾復(fù)合不定代詞something，everything，everyone等時，形容詞或else必須放在這些詞的后面。 everyone的意思等同于everybody，只能指人；every one既可指人也可指物，還可以和of連用。,【例4】 Your tea smells great！(2013，蘇州) It's from India.Would you like _？ Ait Bthis Csome Dlittle 解析：根據(jù)對話內(nèi)容可知，是向?qū)Ψ教峁┖鹊臇|西，并希望得到肯定回答。 答案：_C_,【例5】 Would you like some more noodles，Celia? Yes，just _，please. Aa few Bfew Ca little Dlittle 解析：few和a few 修飾可數(shù)名詞，little和a little修飾不可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)noodles可判斷修飾的是可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)句意“還要一點(diǎn)”，表示肯定意義。 答案：_A_,【例6】What would you like，tea or coffee? _，thanks.I just prefer a glass of water.(2015，福州) ABoth BNeither CEither 解析：根據(jù)句意得知“茶與咖啡都不要”，表示兩者都不要。 答案：_B_ 【例7】 My hometown is becoming more and more beautiful with tree and flowers on _ sides of the road.(2015，泰安) Aall Bboth Cneither Deither 解析：根據(jù)句意在馬路兩邊，sides表示復(fù)數(shù)。 答案：_B_,【例8】There is _ wrong with my back and it hurts seriously.(2015，長沙) Aanything Bsomething Cnothing 解析：anything一般用于否定句或疑問句，故排除A；根據(jù)It hurts seriouly.得知背部疼痛有疾病。 答案：_B_ 【例9】Is New Zealand a big country? No，New Zealand only has two islands.One is North Island，_ is South Island. Aother Bthe other Canother Dothers 解析：表示兩者中的另外一個，常用one.，the other.結(jié)構(gòu)。 答案：_B_,高頻考點(diǎn)三 指示代詞 指示代詞包括：this，that，these，those。 this和these一般用來指在時間或空間上較近的事物或人，that和those則指在時間或空間上較遠(yuǎn)的事物或人。 有時that和those指前面提到過的事物，this和these則是指下面將要講到的事物。如： I had a cold.That's why I didn't come. 有時為了避免重復(fù)提到的名詞，常可用that或those代替。如： Television sets made in Beijing are just as good as those made in Shanghai. this在電話用語中代表自己，that則代表對方。如：Hello！This is Mary.Is that Jack speaking?,【例9】 Hello，is that Betty speaking? Yes._.(2016，原創(chuàng)) AThis is Betty BI'm Betty CYou are Betty DThat's Betty 解析：電話用語中用this is.表達(dá)“我是”。 答案：_A_,高頻考點(diǎn)四 疑問代詞、關(guān)系代詞 疑問代詞有who，whom，whose，what和which等。疑問代詞用于特殊疑問句中，一般都放在句首，并在句子中作為某一句子成分。如： Who is going to come here tomorrow？(作主語) What is that？(作表語) Whose umbrella is this？(作定語) Whom are you waiting for？(作賓語),疑問代詞與關(guān)系代詞的區(qū)別： 疑問代詞通常位于句首，引出特殊疑問句。 關(guān)系代詞用來引導(dǎo)賓語從句或定語從句。what不能用在定語從句中充當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞，但that可用在定語從句中作關(guān)系代詞。賓語從句中的關(guān)系代詞與疑問代詞一致。 無論是疑問代詞還是關(guān)系代詞，which和what所指范圍不同。what所指的范圍是無限的，而which則指在一定范圍內(nèi)。如： Which books do you like best？你最喜歡哪幾本書？ What books do you like best？你最喜歡什么樣的書？,whom是who的賓格，在口語中作賓語時，也可用who代替，但在介詞后只能用whom。如： Who(m) did you meet on the street？你在街上遇到誰了？ For whom are you waiting？你在等誰？,【例11】_ father took part in the charity activity in the neighborhood yesterday? Peter's.(2015，上海) AWhose BWhat CWhich DWho 解析：詢問某人的。 答案：_A_,【例12】 _ did you work out the problem in such a short time？(2015，重慶) With Mr.Li's help. AWhen BWhere CHow DWhich 解析：根據(jù)句意得知詢問怎樣在這么短的時間內(nèi)算出這道題，提問的是方式。 答案：_C_,一、單項(xiàng)選擇。 1I always believe that _ _ is difficult if we try our best to do it.(2015，重慶B卷) Asomething Banything Ceverything Dnothing 2My mother used to make breakfast for _ _ every morning，but now I do it myself.(2015，重慶A/C卷) Amine Bmy CI Dme,D,D,3The dog _ _ played with you just now is _. Awhich；mine Bwhich；my Cwhat；mine Dwhat；my 4There are enough cups for each visitor to have _ _ Aone Bit Cthis Dthat 5Here are some _ _Do you like _？(2015，安順) Aoranges；them Borange；it Coranges；they Doranges；their,A,A,A,二、根據(jù)句意及漢語提示填寫單詞。 6Lucy often learns French by _(自己) after school. 7Although _(兩者都不) of her parents had gone to college，she was really good at studying. 8May I use your mobile phone？_ (我的) is at home. 9This shirt doesn't fit me well.Can you show me _(另一個) one? 10For _(什么) are you going to the School Uniform Exhibition，Amy? To learn about different styles of school uniform.,herself,neither,Mine,another,what,【名題實(shí)戰(zhàn)】 1Excuse me，may I come in? Not yet.Please wait on your chair _ _ your name is called.(2015，呼和浩特) Aand Buntil Cafter Dsince 2Practice more，_ _ you'll learn English better.(2015，濟(jì)寧) Aor Bso Cand Dbut 3He hasn't got any hobbies，_ _ you call watching TV a hobby.(2015，蘇州) Awhile Bunless Cas Dif,B,C,B,4There will be less pollution _ _ more people use public transportation.(2015，江西) Abut Bthough Cunless Dif 5She still failed in the exam，_ _ she tried her best.(2015，克拉瑪依) Athough Bbecause Cif Dor,D,A,【考點(diǎn)梳理】 甘肅各地市英語中考對連詞的考查內(nèi)容主要是連詞的基本用法和一些常見近義連詞的辨析，大多數(shù)情況下是將連詞放在并列句和復(fù)合句中。此類題目難度較低，同學(xué)們只需記住相應(yīng)的連詞并略加分析即可得出正確答案。,高頻考點(diǎn)一 并列連詞 1表示平行或承接關(guān)系的：and，both.and.，neither.nor.，not only.but also.，as well as等；表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的：but，yet，while，however等；表示選擇關(guān)系的：or，either.or.，not.but.；表示因果關(guān)系的：for，so等。 2both.and.連接主語時，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；neither.nor.，not only.but also.，either.or.連接主語時，謂語動詞遵循“就近原則”；as well as連接主語時，謂語動詞與前面的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。so與because，but與although/though不能同時出現(xiàn)在一個句子中，二者只能選其一；and用于肯定句中，or用于否定句或選擇疑問句中。,【例1】 Going to the movies is good，_ I really only like listening to music.(2015，安徽) Aand Bbut Cso Dor 解析：根據(jù)句意得知“看電影很好，但是我只喜歡聽音樂?！北磙D(zhuǎn)折。 答案：_B_ 【例2】You'd better take care，_ you will hurt your eyes.(2015，重慶A/C卷) Aso Bbut Cor Dand 解析：由語境可知句意為“你最好小心，否則你會傷到自己的眼睛?！?答案：_C_,【例3】How do you like the two pairs of shorts? They didn't fit me well.They are _ too long _ too short.(2014，濱州) Anot only；but also Bboth；and Cneither；nor Deither；or 解析：由答句前半句推知后半句句意為“他們不是太長就是太短”。not only.but also不但而且；both.and.兩者都；neither.nor.既不也不；either.or.不是就是。 答案：_D_,高頻考點(diǎn)二 從屬連詞 從屬連詞是指用于連接各種從句的連詞。 1引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)的從屬連詞有that，whether，if (是否)，as if；連接代詞有who，whom，whose，which，what等；連接副詞有when，where，how，why等。,2引導(dǎo)狀語從句的從屬連詞 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句的連詞有：when，while，as，until/till，as soon as，before，after等。 特別提示：while與as只能和延續(xù)性動詞連用；若as soon as引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句中主句用一般將來時，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時表示一般將來時。 引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞有so，so that，in order that，in case等。 引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句的連詞有：because，as，for，since等。,引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句的連詞有：so.that，such.that等，so修飾形容詞或副詞。such修飾名詞，當(dāng)名詞前面有many，much，few或little修飾時，應(yīng)用so。 引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句的連詞有：although，though，however(no matter how)，even if/though等。 引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句的連詞有：as，than，as.as，not so/as.as等。 引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連詞有：if，unless，as/so long as等。 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句的連詞有：where，wherever。,高頻考點(diǎn)二 序數(shù)詞 1序數(shù)詞的構(gòu)成 序數(shù)詞多數(shù)是由“基數(shù)詞th”構(gòu)成。如：sixsixth，sevenseventh等。 以y結(jié)尾的整十的數(shù)詞，先將y改為i，再加­eth。如：fiftyfiftieth，seventyseventieth等。 21以上的非整十的數(shù)詞，將末位數(shù)(即個位數(shù))改為序數(shù)詞，其他的位數(shù)仍用基數(shù)詞。如： twenty­onetwenty­first，thirty­twothirty­second，two hundred and ninety­eighttwo hundred and ninety­eighth等。,【例4】Some people won't realize the importance of their health _ they have lost it.(2015，自貢) Awhen Buntil Cafter 解析：由句意可知：很多人直到失去健康才知道它的重要性。 答案：_B_ 【例5】Learning to write is learning to think.You will know things more clearly _ you write them down.(2015，武威) Aor Bunless Cif Dwhether 解析：根據(jù)句意：如果你把它們寫下來，你就會了解得更清楚。 答案：_C_,【例6】 May I go to the movies with you? I'm afraid not _ you have a ticket.Because I have only one.(2014，益陽) Aif Bunless Cthough 解析：由答語后半句“我只有一張票”可推知前句應(yīng)為“我恐怕你不能，除非你有一張票。”if“如果”；unless“除非”；though“盡管；雖然”。 答案：_B_,【例7】Her grandfather lives a simple life _ he has much money.(2014，孝感) Abecause Bso Cthough Dif 解析：由前半句“他的爺爺過著簡樸的生活”和后半句“他有很多錢”可知，前后在語意上存在轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，故此處應(yīng)用though引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。 答案：_C_ 【例8】Miss Lin has taught us English _ we came to this school.(2015，重慶B卷) Afor Bsince Cbefore Dwhen 解析：根據(jù)句意：自從她來這所學(xué)校就一直教我們英語。 答案：_B_,一、單項(xiàng)選擇。 1Julie didn't leave her office _ _ the police arrived.(2015，重慶A/C卷) Ahowever Bwhenever Cwhile Duntil 2Betty hasn't got any hobbies _ _ you call sleeping a hobby. Awhen Bbecause Cbefore Dunless 3Did you catch the first subway this morning? No，I didn't.It had started moving _ _ I could get on it.(2015，襄陽) Abefore Bsince Cafter Das soon as,D,D,A,4Mr.Smith has a habit of taking a shower _ _ he has breakfast.(2015，溫州) Athough Bbefore Cbecause Dsince 5I think you should complain，_ _，of course，you are happy with the situation.(2015，無錫) Aunless Bhowever Cuntil Dthough 6We didn't enjoy the day _ _ the weather was so bad.(2015，杭州) Abecause Bthough Cunless Dtill 7_ _ my cousin is very young，_ she can help with the housework.(2015，福州) AOnce；不填 BThough；but CAlthough；不填,B,A,A,C,8_ _ the dinner was all over，everyone helped wash the dishes.(2015，天津) AHow BWhen CBefore DWhy 9Rose，you are so thin.You should eat more，_ _ you'll make yourself ill.(2015，安順) Aor Bif Cand Dbut 10Be careful，_ _you'll make fewer mistakes in the exam.(2015，三亞) Aor Bbut Cand Dso,B,A,C,二、同義句轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞(含縮略形式)。 11If you are not quick，you will be late for school. Be quick，_ you will be late for school. 12If he studies hard，he will pass the exam. _ he studies hard，he will not pass the exam. 13Mr. Wang does well in English.He does well in French，too. Mr.Wang does well in _ English _ French. 14It was such a hot day that we went swimming. It was _ that we went swimming. 15I went to bed after I finished washing the clothes. I _ go to bed _ I finished washing the clothes.,or,Unless,both,and,so hot,didn't,before/until,