八年級下期末復習 知識點梳理 編者： Sherman Yale U1-1 一般將來時（ will / shall, be going to） 【 語法聚焦 】 一般將來時（現(xiàn)在看來將要發(fā)生的動作 或存在的狀態(tài)） 【 結構 】 1) shall / will + _ 2) be going to + _ 【 時間狀語 】 soon, some day, this evening, tomorrow, in five years等 【 知識梳理 】 _ pollution (fewer, less), _ trees / pollution (many, much, more) Will there _ (have, be) less pollution? No, there wont. There will be more pollution. What do you think life will be like in 100 years? Every home will _ (have / be ) a robot. I dont know if he _(will come, comes) tomorrow. If he_ (will come, comes) tomorrow, I will let you know. U1-2 一般將來時（ will / shall, be going to） 【 重點句型 】 Will there be less pollution? No, there wont. There will be more pollution. What do you think life will be like in 100 years? Every home will have a robot. What do you think Sally will be in five years? I went to Shanghai last year and fell in love with it. I dont know if he will come tomorrow. If he comes tomorrow, I will let you know. There were many famous predictions that never came true. Before 1929, there was no sound in movies. The head of one of the biggest movie companies in the United States predicted that no one would want those actors talk. We never know what will happen in the future. Predicting the future can be difficult. U2 情態(tài)動詞 could, should 【 語法聚焦 】 could（ can的過去式）： 1）表示 “許可”、“請 求”，用 could 比 can更委婉（常用于疑問句）。 2） 給出建議（陳述句） should：表示征求對方意見，或給出建議。 【 知識梳理 】 Whats wrong? My clothes are out of style. What _ I do? You _ write him a letter. Maybe he _ say hes sorry. - _ I use your bike? -Yes, you can. U3 過去進行 時（ was / were doing ） 【 語法聚焦 】 過去進行時 （過去某個時刻或者某段時 間正在進行或發(fā)生的動作 ,常和表示過去的時間狀語 連用） 【 結構 】 was / were _ 時間狀語 ： this time yesterday / last night, at 9 oclock this morning, when I came back, at that time / moment 【 知識梳理 】 The boy _(walked, was walking) down the street _ (while, when) the UFO landed. He _ (watched, was watching) TV _(while, when) I his wife _ (read, was reading ) a newspaper. land, get out of, in front of, follow, surprised, amazing, kid, anywhere, happen, accident, hear about, in silence, asas, take place, ask sb (not) to do sth., in space, all over the world. U4 直接引語和間接引語 【 語法聚焦 】 直接引語 （直接引述別人的原話，一般前后加 _。） 間接引語 （用自己的話轉述別人的話，多數(shù)情況下構成 _從句，無引號。） 【 知識梳理 】 直接引語改為間接引語一律用 _語序 ,如 : He asked me where _ (do I, I, did I,) lived. 直接引語改為間接引語時，人稱、時態(tài)、指示代詞、時間狀語、 地點狀語有變化。 如果主句為一般現(xiàn)在時，或間接引語為真理 /自然現(xiàn)象，那么 間接引語的時態(tài)不變。 He said the earth _ (goes, went) around the sun. 陳述句間接引語由 that （可省略）引導；一般疑問句的間接引 語由 _引導；特殊問句間接引語由 _引導； 祈使句間接引語用 _ / _/ _ sb. to do sth結構。 ask tell order 【 結構 】 1）陳述句的間接引語： He said (that). 2）一般疑問句的間接引語： He asked if / whether. 3）特殊疑問句的間接引語： He asked where / when / why . 4）祈使句的間接引語： He told / asked / ordered me to do. Direct speech I am mad at Marcia. He said to me, “I will call you tomorrow.” Do you get up early every day?”. Turn off the light when you leave Dont forget to close the door, please. Reported speech She said _ _ mad at Marcia. He _ me he _ call _ tomorrow / the next day. He asked me _ _ got up early every day. She _ me _ turn off the light when _ left. He asked me _ to forget to close the door. Unit 4 U5 if 引導的 條件狀語從句 【 語法聚焦 】 if 引導的條件狀語從句 【 結構 】 主將從現(xiàn)（主句用一般將來時， if從句用一般現(xiàn)在時， if從句可以放在主句前也可以放在主句后） 條件狀語從句通常由連詞 if 引導 , 意為“如果、假如” , 主 句不能用 be going to表示將來 , 而應該用 shall、 will。 If you leave now, you _（ are never going to / will） regret it. if “如果” , 引導條件狀語從句 , 主句用一般將來時，記住 “主將從現(xiàn)”， 從句則用一般現(xiàn)在時，如： If it rains tomorrow, I shant climb the hills. 注意 : 賓語從句中的 if與條件狀語從句 if 的區(qū)別： 賓語從句中的 if “是否”相當于 whether, 引導賓語從句 , 時 態(tài)需根據(jù)語境確定。 I dont know if / whether he_ （ will come/comes） tomorrow. If he_ (comes / will come） tomorrow, I will call you up. U6 現(xiàn)在完成進行時 【 語法聚焦 】 現(xiàn)在完成進行時（ 動作從過去開始，延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，或繼續(xù)延續(xù)下 去。） 【 結構 】 have / has been + _ 【 時間狀語 】 for eight years, since 1980, since 32 years ago, since I was 24等 【 語法鞏固 】 How long have you _ skating? Ive been skating _ nice oclock. Ive been skating _ five years. When did you start skating? I started skating _ nice oclock. Unit 7-1 Would you mind (not) doing sth? 表示建議和請求 【 語法聚焦 】 Would you mind (not) doing sth.? 表示建議和請求 【 結構 】 would you mind + _? 區(qū)別； Would you please (not) do sth.? Could you (not) do sth.? 【 肯定回答表示介意或反對 】 Im sorry, but 或 Yes, youd better not. 【 否定回答表示同意 】 not at all, of course not, certainly not, no problem 等 【 重點詞匯 】 mind doing, turn down, right away, get out of, at a meeting, have to do sth., help sb. (to) do sth., no problem, give sb. sth., get annoyed, wait in line, in the future, try (not) to do sth., cut in line, follow sb., order food, half an hour ago, complain about, at first, break the rule, in public, even if, give suggestions, Unit 7-2 Would you mind (not) doing sth? 表示建議和請求 要 點 梳 理 Would you mind (not) doing sth.? Could you please (not) do sth？ sure, of course, certainly, no problem 或 Im sorry I cant. Perhaps in the future I should try not to be so polite. try to do, try doing, try ones best to do sth This happens to me all the time in the school library. 物 /事 + happen to + 人 /物 “ 某人或某事發(fā)生了 事 ” If we see someone breaking the rules, we may politely give them some suggestions. (比較 see sb do) Unit 7-3 Would you mind (not) doing sth? 表示建議和請求 【 重點句型 】 Would you mind turning down the music? Sorry, Ill do it right away. Would you mind not wearing those old jeans? Ok, Ill put on another pair. When I finish, could you help me with my homework? Sure. Your barber gave you a terrible haircut. The pen you bought didnt work. I get annoyed when someone talks to me while Im reading. I get annoyed when someone cuts in line. What annoys you? I ordered my food half an hour ago and it hasnt arrived yet. Even if you are with your friends, it is better to keep your voice down in public places. In fact, we should also take care not to cough or sneeze loudly in public if possible. U8 Give advice be busy with sth. 3. Look through: look after, look for, look up, look at 4. -It looks like rain, doesnt it？ -Yes, it does. “it” 表示天氣。 5. I hope so. : I hope not. I think so. I dont think so. 6. show: Please show your ticket. Thanks for showing the school. 7. get along; come along; ask sb. to do sth. 8. Do you think itll stop by noon? （賓語從句用陳述句語序） 9. by noon (no later than; before) 10. Their prices are really low, arent they? 區(qū)別： expensive, high, low 11. alone, lonely 區(qū)別 He lives _, but he doesnt feel _. 12. cross, across, through, over The Yellow River winds its way from west to the east, _ valleys, _ the fields and _ the mountains until at last it reaches the sea. 13. enjoy, like, love enjoy sth / doing sth / ; like sth. / doing sth. / to do sth. ; love sth. / to do / doing enjoy oneself ; would like / love to do sth. 14. feel like sth. / doing 15. Friends like you make it a lot easier to get along in a new place. think / find / make it + adj. to do sth. 16. both, either, neither, none, all 17.The two cars are in poor condition, so my father didnt buy _ of the cars. 18._ of the two boys are my students, but they are not _ good students. 【 注意 】 notboth; not all; noteither （ = neither) ; notany (= none) U10-2 Its a nice day, isnt it? It looks like rain, doesnt it? Do you think it will stop by noon? Two people are looking through the books in a bookstore. Two people are waiting to cross a busy street. It isnt easy being the new kid at school. They are really friendly to me. I feel like part of the group now. Thanks for the tickets for next weeks game. I am really happy to have the tickets. I was having a hard time finding it until you came along. Friends like you make it a lot easier to get along in a new place. Ill think of you as we watch the Black Socks win the game. U10-3 Important sentences