鄂爾多斯專版 PART TWO第二篇 語法突破篇語法專題（九） 非謂語動詞 【中考考點】(1)動詞不定式的用法。(2)動名詞的用法。(3)分詞的用法。 動詞不定式有兩種, 即帶to的動詞不定式(to+動詞原形)和不帶to的動詞不定式。其沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。動詞不定式的否定結(jié)構(gòu)為“not to do sth.”?？键c一動詞不定式 1.作主語常用it作形式主語,而將真正的主語(動詞不定式)置于句末。常用句型結(jié)構(gòu):Its+adj./n.(+for/of sb.)+to do sth.To ask the teacher for help is necessary. =It is necessary to ask the teacher for help.向老師尋求幫助是必要的。 2.作賓語(1)動詞不定式作賓語的常見搭配:would like/want to do想要做used to do 過去常常做agree to do同意做hope/wish to do希望做decide to do 決定做try to do 盡力做begin/start to do開始做expect to do 期望做 refuse to do 拒絕做afford to do 負擔得起做learn to do 學習做plan to do計劃做prefer to do 更喜歡做continue to do繼續(xù)做promise to do承諾做happen to do 碰巧做manage to do 設(shè)法做成prepare to do 準備做 I hope there before dark. 我希望天黑之前到那兒。(2)在think, find, make等動詞后通常用it作形式賓語,而將真正的賓語(不定式)移至形容詞之后,構(gòu)成“主語+謂語+it(形式賓語)+賓補(形容詞/名詞)+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)。I found it difficult to solve the problem. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)解決這個問題很難。to get 3.作賓語補足語(1)必須加上to。動詞不定式作賓語補足語的常見搭配:tell sb.(not) to do 告訴某人(不要)做ask sb.(not) to do要求某人(不要)做wish sb.to do 希望某人做invite sb.to do 邀請某人做want sb.to do 想要某人做teach sb.to do 教某人做 allow sb.to do 允許某人做warn sb.to do 警告某人做expect sb.to do 期望某人做advise sb.to do 建議某人做order sb.to do 命令某人做lead sb.to do 帶領(lǐng)某人做prefer sb.to do 寧愿某人做encourage sb.to do 鼓勵某人做The teacher told us Exercise 1. 老師告訴我們做練習一。 to do (2)必須省略to。一些使役動詞和感官動詞也用不定式作賓語補足語。這時不定式要省略to。這些動詞有:一感(feel)、二聽(hear, listen to)、三讓(let, make, have)、四看(look at, see, watch, notice)。但這些動詞變被動語態(tài)時, 作補語的不定式必須加上to。We often hear her sing.我們經(jīng)常聽見她唱歌。被動語態(tài): She is often heard to sing.(3)既可加上to也可省略to。help sb.(to) do sth. 4.作狀語動詞不定式在句中常作目的狀語、原因狀語、結(jié)果狀語等。Mr. Lee will go to Hangzhou to visit the West Lake. 李先生將去杭州參觀西湖。(作目的狀語) 5.作定語動詞不定式作定語時,放在被修飾的名詞的后面,作后置定語。I dont have a partner to practice English with.我沒有一個一起練習英語的同伴。6.作表語Their duty is the animals. 他們的職責是照看動物。to look after/take care of 7. “疑問詞+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)動詞不定式可以和what, which, when, where, how等疑問詞連用,構(gòu)成不定式短語,在句中作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語等。He doesnt know . 他不知道要穿什么。(作賓語)what to wear 考點二動名詞動名詞由“v.+-ing”構(gòu)成, 其與現(xiàn)在分詞同形。動名詞既有動詞的性質(zhì), 也有名詞的性質(zhì)。1.作主語Playing computer games too much is bad for your eyes.過度地玩電腦游戲?qū)δ愕难劬τ泻Α?2.作賓語常接動名詞作賓語的動詞或動詞短語有 enjoy, finish, consider, miss, keep, mind, practise, suggest, be busy, feel like, give up, cant help, avoid, be used to, be worth, be afraid of, be proud of, be interested in, cant stop, keep/stop/preventfrom, look forward to, put off, have fun等。 Have you finished the book? 你看完這本書了嗎?reading【巧學妙記】 后接doing作賓語的動詞和動詞短語:完成練習值得忙(finish, practise, be worth, be busy);繼續(xù)習慣別放棄(keep on, be used to, give up);考慮建議不禁想(consider, suggest, cant help; feel like);喜歡思念要介意(enjoy, miss, mind)。 4.作定語I often go to the . 我經(jīng)常去閱覽室。 reading room3.作表語The nurses job is the patients. 護士的工作是照顧病人。looking after/taking care of 【拓展】 有些動詞后既可接不定式又可接動名詞, 但表達的意義不同。(1)stop to do sth.停下來去做另外一件事(不定式作目的狀語)stop doing sth.停止做某事(v.-ing形式作賓語)(2)try to do sth. 試圖(企圖)做某事;盡力做某事 try doing sth.試著做某事(3)forget to do sth.忘記去做某事(還沒做)forget doing sth.忘記做過某事(已做)(4)remember to do sth.記著去做某事(還沒做)remember doing sth.記得做過某事(已做)(5)go on to do sth.做完一件事后繼續(xù)做另外一件不同的事go on doing sth.繼續(xù)做原來所做的事 (6)sth. need doing某事需要做(被動含義)need to do sth. 需要去做某事(主動含義) 考點三分詞分詞分為現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞兩種。現(xiàn)在分詞(v.-ing)有主動、進行之意;過去分詞(v.-ed)有被動、完成之意。1.作定語China is a country. America is a country. 中國是發(fā)展中國家,美國是發(fā)達國家。 I know the boy called Li Ming. 我認識那個叫李明的男孩。2.作表語The book is interesting. Im interested in it. 這本書很有趣,我對它感興趣。developing developed 3.作賓語補足語I saw her going upstairs.我看見她正在上樓。I want to have some photos taken. 我想拍幾張照片。4.作狀語Laughing and talking, they went into the room.他們有說有笑地走進了房間。 5.現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞的區(qū)別(1)在語態(tài)上, 現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動, 過去分詞表示被動。the ruling class 統(tǒng)治階級the ruled class 被統(tǒng)治階級(2)在時間上, 現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進行的動作, 過去分詞表示已經(jīng)完成的動作。 the developing country 發(fā)展中國家the developed country 發(fā)達國家 6.易混結(jié)構(gòu) 使役動詞(make, keep, let, have等)易混結(jié)構(gòu)的區(qū)分。如have sb.doing sth.與have sth.done 的區(qū)別:(1)have sb.doing sth.意為“讓某人一直做某事”, doing表示這個動作具有持續(xù)性。Dont have your friend waiting outside for a long time.不要讓你的朋友在外面一直等很長時間。(2)have sth.done 意為“讓某人做某事”, 相當于ask sb.to do sth., done 表示讓他人完成, 有被動之意。I had my computer repaired yesterday.昨天我讓人修理了我的電腦。have sb.do sth.意為“讓某人做某事”, 強調(diào)一次性。Ill have someone repair the bike for you.我會讓人為你修理自行車的。