CyberspaceBook 2 Unit 4 基礎(chǔ)知識排查重點短語突破 句法與語法突破五年高考 最新模擬重點單詞突破 1 基 礎(chǔ) 知 識 排 查1.likely adj.有可能的；adv.很可能2.concept n.概念3.chart n.表格，圖表4.fashion n.時髦，時尚e true(愿望、夢想等)實現(xiàn) 重點識記詞匯 6.affect vt.影響7.attack n.&vt.攻擊，進(jìn)攻8.write down寫下；記下9.crash vt.(汽車、飛機(jī)等)撞毀；墜毀10.tourism n.觀光，旅游tourist n.游客11.as if似乎；好像12.obvious adj.明顯的，顯而易見的13.project n.課題；方案；工程 14.hang on別掛電話，稍等15.get in touch取得聯(lián)絡(luò)16.be up to做，從事于17.fancy vt.想要做；幻想18.in the flesh本人親自19.reject vt.拒絕；不接受20.guide n.指南；導(dǎo)游，向?qū)?1.view n.景色，風(fēng)景；觀點，看法 22.average adj.平均的；n.平均數(shù)23.scenery n.風(fēng)景，景色 (總稱)24.be known as作為而著稱；被認(rèn)為是25.millionaire n.百萬富翁million n.百萬26.reality n.真實，現(xiàn)實realize vt.實現(xiàn)27.settle vi.定居settlement n.(新)定居地28.crime n.犯罪；罪行criminal adj.犯罪的29.growth n.增長；生長grow v.增長，生長；種植 30.focus vi.集中注意focus on集中注意力在上31.suggestion n.建議，提議suggest vt.建議，提議32.arrangement n.安排，布置arrange vt.安排，布置33.entertainment n.娛樂；款待entertain vt.款待，招待；使娛樂34.disappear vi.消失disappearance n.消失appearance n.出現(xiàn)；外表 35.optimistic adj.樂觀的be optimistic/pessimistic about對樂觀(悲觀)36.harm vt.&n.傷害，損害harmful adj.有害的harmless adj.沒有危害的37.scientific adj.科學(xué)的science n.科學(xué)scientist n.科學(xué)家38.historical adj.歷史的，有關(guān)歷史的historic adj.歷史上有名的(重要的)，有歷史記載的39.locate vt.坐落于；位于location n.場所，位置，所在地 40.regular adj.定期的；有規(guī)律的regularly adv.定期地；有規(guī)律地41.officially adv.正式地；官方地official adj.官方的，官員的42.attractive adj.吸引人的，有魅力的attraction n.魅力，吸引力attract vt.吸引；誘惑；引起注意 1.“it is clear that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet.”“很明顯，我們將會看到網(wǎng)上購物的大幅度增長?！?.Do you have anything planned for Saturday and Sunday?你周六、周日有什么安排嗎？ 必背經(jīng)典句式 3.Some experts see our future in virtual realitythe use of computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel as if you are in a real situation.有些專家看到了虛擬現(xiàn)實中我們的未來計算機(jī)通過聲音和圖像使你感到仿佛置身于一個真實的空間。4.But I still find it hard to imagine.但是我仍然覺得難以想象。 en- enable /IneIbl/vt.使能夠；使成為可能；使實現(xiàn)encourage /InkrId/vt.鼓勵；支持；促進(jìn)enlarge /Inld/vt.擴(kuò)大；擴(kuò)充；放大(照片)；vi.增大 構(gòu)詞記憶 2 重 點 單 詞 突 破1 likely adj.有可能的；adv.(與most，very連用)很可能應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)寫作高分句式：It is likely that.多詞一義likely，possible，probable be likely to do.可能做It is likely that.可能做It is possible (for sb.) to do.(某人)可能做It is possible that.可能It is probable that.很可能Not likely.不會；絕不可能。 Very likely hed told them he had American business interests.很可能他已經(jīng)告訴他們自己擁有美國商業(yè)利益。Its more than likely that global warming will increase in the next twenty years.在未來的20年全球變暖極有可能進(jìn)一步加劇。 (1)They are likely to be fired by the company because of their fault._(用it作形式主語改寫句子)(2)他很有可能會贏得這場比賽。(一句多譯)_ 夯實基礎(chǔ)It is likely that they will be fired by the company because of their fault.Its very likely that he will win the game.He is very likely to win the game. 2 focus v.集中(concentrate)；聚焦n.中心點；焦點多詞一義focus ones attention on，fix ones attention on，concentrate on，put ones heart into focus.on/upon.把集中于bring.into focus使成為焦點in focus對準(zhǔn)焦點；清晰out of focus沒對準(zhǔn)焦點；不清晰It shows a common phenomenon nowadays that children are the focus of families，shouldering the hope of their parents.這表明現(xiàn)今社會的一個普遍現(xiàn)象：孩子是家庭的中心，承載著父母的希望。 (福建書面表達(dá)) In pursuing a dream，we might focus on only one way of making it come true，forgetting that there may be alternatives.在追求夢想的過程中，我們可能僅僅集中于使夢想實現(xiàn)的一種方法上，而忘了還有另外的方法。 (北京開放作文)However，Interfax，the Russian news agency，quoted an unnamed source as saying investigators were now focusing on a man.不過，俄羅斯國際文傳電訊社(Interfax)援引一位匿名消息人士的話稱，調(diào)查人員正在追查一名男子。 聯(lián)想記憶表示“把集中于”的同義詞組有：concentrate on，fix ones attention on，be lost in，be absorbed in，be buried in，be devoted to等。 夯實基礎(chǔ)(1)語法填空The relationship will be focus today when monthly trade balance data are released.Dont go too fast or youll get focus.Bring the subject focus if you want to have a good picture. in out ofinto With his attention (focus) on his homework，he forgot all about what I had told him._(focus) his attention on urgent problems，he has hardly time to play games with you.focusedHaving focused (2)他集中精力學(xué)習(xí)。(一句多譯)_(focus)_(fix)_(absorb)_(apply)_(concentrate)He focused his attention on his study.He fixed his attention on his study.He was absorbed in his study.He applied himself to his study. He concentrated his attention on his study. 3 affect v.影響(influence)；打動；侵襲，使感染(attack)be affected with high fever發(fā)高燒affect sb.to tears把某人感動得流淚have an effect on對有影響應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)非謂語形式作狀語的考查 夯實基礎(chǔ)同義句改寫(1)The new system will affect our life.The new system will _ _ _ _ our life.(2)The condition made lots of people ill these days.The condition _ lots of people these days.have an effect/influenceonaffectedShe was deeply affected by the news of his death.他去世的消息使她深感悲痛。 4 harm n.傷害；損害；vt.損害；危害應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)harm短語在寫作中的應(yīng)用 do/cause harm to對造成傷害do sb.harmdo harm to sb.傷害某人；對某人有害mean no harm無惡意There is no harm in doing sth.做某事無害處be harmful to.對有害 These days，breaking traffic rules and littering are not uncommon，causing serious harm to life and the environment.最近這段日子，違反交通規(guī)則和亂扔垃圾的現(xiàn)象很常見，對生活和環(huán)境都造成了極大的危害。(安徽書面表達(dá)) 2 9 夯實基礎(chǔ)(1)Fruit juice can (對造成損害) childrens teeth.(2)He _(無惡意) by saying what he thinks，but people tend to be upset by it.do/cause harm tomeans no harm 3 0 5 suggestion n.建議，提議；跡象(trace)；暗示make a suggestion提建議at ones suggestion在某人的建議下suggest v.建議；暗示；表明suggest (sb.s) doing sth.建議(某人)做suggest sth.to sb.向某人建議某事It is suggested that.(should) do.提出建議 Someone suggested sending him to the US for treatment.有人建議送他去美國治療。He suggested that the work (should) be started at once.他建議立即動工。 特別提醒(1)suggest作“建議”解，后接從句時要用虛擬語氣；作“暗示；表明”講時，引導(dǎo)的從句不用虛擬語氣。(2)suggest后不接雙賓語，可表達(dá)為suggest sth.to sb.或suggest to sb.that.。 夯實基礎(chǔ)語法填空(1)His suggestion is that we _(go) to watch the football match.(2)His accent suggests that he _(be) from Sichuan.(3)Bill suggested _(hold) a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.(4)What a mistake!Yes.I had suggested his _(do) it another way，but without success. (should) goisholding doing 3 4 6 arrangement n.安排應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)日?；顒宇悓懽鞒Ｓ迷~匯 make arrangements/an arrangement for.為做安排arrange v.安排；籌備；整理；排列；布置arrange (for) sth.安排某事arrange to do sth.安排做某事arrange with sb.to do sth.與某人安排好做某事arrange for sb.to do sth.安排某人做某事 I have made all the arrangements for the travel.我已經(jīng)作好了旅行的一切準(zhǔn)備。Have you arranged to meet Mark this weekend?你安排好周末與馬克會面了嗎？特別提醒不能說arrange sb.to do sth.，且arrange后跟that從句時，從句中用虛擬語氣(should) do。 夯實基礎(chǔ)(1)根據(jù)漢語提示填空Now everything for the conference to be held tomorrow _(已準(zhǔn)備就緒).I have _ _ (安排Tom開車去接) the experts at the airport.Then Im to _(安排接見) Mr.Wang.In a word，all _(我們做出的安排) were completed.has been arranged arranged for Tom to pick up arrange to meetthe arrangements we made (2)He arranged for the meeting to be put off for a week._(改為復(fù)合句)He arranged that the meeting (should) be put off for a week. 7 settle v.結(jié)束；決定；確定；(使)定居；平靜下來多詞一義settle，solve，work out，figure out 4 0 settle down穩(wěn)定；定居；坐下；平靜下來settle down to開始專心做(to是介詞)settle in定居；習(xí)慣于；適應(yīng)settle on/upon決定；選定 But he finally settled on literature，particularly drama and poetry.但是，他最終決定(選擇)文學(xué)，側(cè)重于戲劇和詩歌。They settled down to a serious discussion over coffee.他們喝著咖啡，開始認(rèn)真討論問題。 夯實基礎(chǔ)(1)They finally settled to buy the car._(用動名詞改寫句子)(2)The problem was settled and they were happy and relaxed. _(用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)改寫句子) _(用獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)改寫句子) They finally settled on buying the car.With the problem settled, they were happy and relaxed.The problem settled, they were happy and relaxed. 8 view n.(個人的)看法(opinion)，意見；觀看；看；視野；(從某處看到的)景色，風(fēng)景；v.把視為；把看作；看；考慮多詞一義in ones (point of) view，in ones opinion，personally，as far as one is concerned point of view觀點，看法in/out of view在視線范圍內(nèi)/外in ones viewin the view of sb.依照某人的觀點in view of鑒于，考慮到come into view出現(xiàn)在眼前 Well go and view the house before we buy it.在買房前我們先去看一看房子。Jang Song Thaek had long been viewed as the most experienced，cosmopolitan (世界性的) member of the elite.張成澤長期被視為朝鮮精英階層中經(jīng)驗最豐富、最具世界眼光的成員。 夯實基礎(chǔ)寫出下列句子中view的漢語意思(1)In this lecture，I can only give you a purely personal view of how we can live life to the full and make some suggestions about the future. _(2)I walked up to the top of the hill with my friend，where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake. _觀點，看法風(fēng)景 (3)If we sit near the front of the bus，well have a b e t t e r v i e w . _(4)I got an opportunity to view the movie before it was released. _(5)We can view the problem in many ways. _視野觀看考慮 9 average adj.平均的；普通的(normal)；典型的(typical)；n.平均數(shù)；平均水平；v.平均為；計算出的平均數(shù)(be equal to.as an average)應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)完形填空高頻詞匯 an average of.的平均數(shù)up to the average接近一般水準(zhǔn)above/below average高于/低于平均水平on (the/an) average平均地；通常；按平均值 Take the average of those ratios and multiply by a hundred.算出那些比率的平均值再乘以100。American shares rose，on average，by 38%.美國股票價格平均上漲了38%。 夯實基礎(chǔ)(1)_(通常) we would be spending 300 per day.(2)Teachers usually like students，whose schoolwork is _(在平均水平以上).On (an)averageabove average 3 重 點 短 語 突 破1 get in touch取得聯(lián)系be in touch (with)(和有)接觸，聯(lián)絡(luò)keep/get in touch (with)保持聯(lián)絡(luò)；不落后lose (be out of) touch with和失去(中斷)聯(lián)系對的情況生疏touch on談及；提及 5 3 Keeping in touch with our friends is an important part of friendship.和朋友們保持聯(lián)系在友誼中很重要。His talk did not touch on the housing problem.他的談話沒有提及住房問題。 夯實基礎(chǔ)你能與那家公司取得聯(lián)系嗎？(一句多譯)(1) (touch)(2) (contact v.)(3) (contact n.)Can you get in touch with the company?Can you contact the company?Can you get in contact with the company? 2 hang on不掛斷；稍等(hold on)；(to)緊緊握住(hold tightly)；堅持，不放棄(continue doing，not give up)應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)(1)hang on在交際用語中的考查(2)“hang副詞”類語境詞義辨析 hang out逗留；閑蕩hang ones head(因羞愧)低下頭hang back退縮；躊躇不前hang up (on sb.)(對某人)掛斷電話get/have the hang of sth.學(xué)會做某事的技巧 Can you hang on for a minute?你能不能稍等一會兒？The President has been trying hard to hang on to power.總統(tǒng)一直在設(shè)法抓住權(quán)力不放。 夯實基礎(chǔ)選詞填空hang on，hang out，hang back，hang up(1)I saw him step forward for a moment but then _，nervously.(2) _a minute；Im nearly ready.(3)He said hed call again，and _ on me.hang backHang on hung up (4)Whats the sense of having a public open space where you cant eat，drink or even simply _ for a while?(5)Jack almost fell off the cliff，but managed to _ until help came. hang out hang on 3 up to取決于；到達(dá)(某數(shù)量、程度等)應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)熟詞新義的考查 be up to (doing) sth.勝任(做)某事；正在忙于(做)某事be up to sb.由某人決定be up to sb.to do sth.由某人決定做某事up to now到目前為止(常與現(xiàn)在完成時連用) You can play up to 30 games at one time.你可以一次進(jìn)行多達(dá)30個游戲。We have no doubt that the Russian authorities will be up to the task.我們深信俄羅斯政府能夠勝任這項任務(wù)。Do you want to stay or go？Its up to you.你要留下還是要走呢？由你決定。 夯實基礎(chǔ)(1)What would you like to do? Doing shopping or going to the cinema? _(由你決定).Whatever you want to do is fine with me.(2)What are you doing now?_(用up to改寫句子)(3)我的車最多能坐4個人。(翻譯句子)_Its up to youWhat are you up to now？I can take up to four people in my car. 4 be/become known as.被稱為；作為而出名；叫作be known for.因而出名 be known to.為所知(強(qiáng)調(diào)對象) (修飾known，用well，其比較級與最高級分別為better known，best known)be famous for.因而著名be famous as.作為而著名(接職務(wù)、身份類名詞)(famous的比較級為more famous) Hangzhou is known/famous for its beautiful scenery.杭州因其美景而出名。He is known to most people as a good actor.大多數(shù)人都知道他是一名好演員。 夯實基礎(chǔ)(1)語法填空Shaanxi food is also known _its liberal use of vinegar and garlic.Lu Xun was known _ a great writer.It is known _ us all that the earth goes around the sun.forasto (2)He was known as a writer and was invited to attend the meeting._(用過去分詞短語作狀語改寫句子)Known as a writer，he was invited to attend the meeting. 5 as well as也；既又；不但而且；和一樣應(yīng)試指導(dǎo)主謂一致的考查 (1)A as well as B作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)隨A的人稱和數(shù)的變化而變化。(2)as well as用于同級比較，表示“和一樣好”，在句中作狀語，修飾謂語動詞。 I can never stop the love for reading because books are like wise teachers as well as good friends in my life.我從未停止對讀書的熱愛，因為書籍既像是我生活中的好朋友也像是我的良師。 (江西書面表達(dá))The new air zone has raised regional tensions between China and its neighbors，as well as the US.中國的新防空識別區(qū)引發(fā)了中國與鄰邦以及與美國的地區(qū)緊張態(tài)勢。 夯實基礎(chǔ)語法填空(1)The basketball coach，as well as his team，_ _(interview) shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.(2)My sister，as well as her classmates who _(be) late for class， _(be)criticized by Mr.Smith.(3)The family as well as their dog _ (trap) on the roof by the flood.interviewed waswerewas were trapped (4)Some necessary equipment as well as food and clothes _ _(send) to the disaster-hit area since the powerful earthquake occurred.(5)The famous musician，as well as his students， _ _(invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. hasbeen sent wasinvited 4 句 法 與 語 法 突 破 .，“it is clear that we are going to see a huge growth in shopping on the Internet.”， “很明顯，我們將會看到網(wǎng)上購物的大幅度增長?！本湫凸?It is clear that. (1)It is clear that.句型中，it為形式主語，that從句為真正的主語。常用于這種結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有：strange，obvious，certain，important，possible，natural，surprising，interesting，likely，unusual等。(2)在It is necessary/important/ strange/ natural/ impossible/ essential/a pity.that.中，從句中的謂語動詞常用“should動詞原形”，should可省略。 It is obvious that she is popular with students.很明顯，她很受學(xué)生們的歡迎。It is important that we (should) discuss the plan.重要的是我們該討論這個計劃。 7 6 夯實基礎(chǔ)翻譯句子(1)他們沒能結(jié)婚，真是令人惋惜。_(2)明天早點出發(fā)這是個好建議。_Its a great pity that they didnt get married.It is a good suggestion that we (should) start early tomorrow. 句型公式 as if/though引導(dǎo)表語從句和狀語從句2 Some experts see our future in virtual realitythe use of computers with sounds and pictures that make you feel as if you are in a real situation.有些專家看到了虛擬現(xiàn)實中我們的未來計算機(jī)通過聲音和圖像使你感到仿佛置身于一個真實的空間。 (1)as if/though可引導(dǎo)表語從句和狀語從句。若表示與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)，從句謂語動詞用過去時；若表示與過去事實相反的情況，從句謂語動詞用過去完成時；若表示與將來相反的情況，從句謂語動詞用would/could do。(2)如果as if/though引導(dǎo)的從句所表示的內(nèi)容與事實相符，則使用陳述語氣。(3)as if/though引導(dǎo)的從句可用省略形式，后面直接跟名詞、不定式、形容詞、介詞短語或分詞。It looked as if it had been spray-painted.它看起來好像是噴過漆的。 夯實基礎(chǔ)語法填空(1)The patient opened his mouth as if _(say) something.(2)He talks about Hong Kong as if he _(be) there before.(3)Jackie looks after his younger sister as if he _(be) an adult. to sayhad beenwere 3 單元語法語法填空(1)Look at the dark clouds.It _(rain).(2)Ann is in hospital.Oh，really？I didnt know.I _(go) and visit her.(3)If I _(be) you，I _(seize) the chance to go abroad. is going to rainwill gowere would seize (4)If I _(see) him tomorrow，I would invite him home.(5)If you _(take) my advice，you _ _(cry) over your failure now.should see/were to see/sawhad taken wouldntbe crying 5 五 年 高 考 最 新 模 擬.短文改錯 (2014新課標(biāo)全國) My dream school starts at 8：30 a.m.and ends at 3：30 p.m.They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afte r n o o n . We d i d n t n e e d t o d o s o m a n y homework.Therefore，we have more time with after-school activities.For example，we can do reading for one and a half hour and play sports for one hour every day. 高考題組 My dream school look like a big garden.There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.We can lie on the grass for a rest，or sat by the lake listening music.The teachers here are kind and helpfully.They are not only our teachers but also our friends. 8 4 答案 .寫作常用句翻譯1.父母為孩子安排好一切，不遺余力地為他們的成功鋪好道路。(arrange) (2013福建書面表達(dá))_2.我完全同意這種觀點。(view) (2012浙江書面表達(dá))_Parents arrange everything for their children and spare no effort to pave the way for their success.I cant agree more with this view. 3.它使我們學(xué)校又臟又令人不愉快，傷害了學(xué)校形象。(harm) (2011浙江書面表達(dá))_ _4.大約5億4千萬人受二手煙的影響，每年引起10萬人死亡。(affect) (2010廣東基礎(chǔ)寫作)_It makes our school dirty and unpleasant，and does harm to the image of our school.Around 540 million people are affected by second-hand smoke，which causes 100,000 deaths per year. 5.因為我認(rèn)為這項活動不但對學(xué)生和社會有益，也對我有好處。(as well as) (2010天津書面表達(dá))_Because I think this activity will be beneficial to me as well as the students and the society. 模擬題組.語法填空1.My mom suggests that we _ eat out for a change this weekend.2.It is known _ us that the city of Auckland is known _ the City of Sails.3.Dont handle the vase as if it _(make) of steel.(should) to were made as 4.Sorry，I am too busy now.If I _(have) time，I would certainly go for an outing with you.5.The old man stood there with his eyes _(focus) on the picture.6.But UK commercial flights to the cities _(affect) by the travel guidance were suffering disruptions.7.Every time he had a chance，he would talk about the great difficulty he had _(settle) in the new country.had focusedaffectedsettling 8.It looks _ if you are ill.You should go to see the doctor.9.James Cameron，who is famous _ great action scenes，directed his latest movie，Avatar.10. _ is not necessary for you to have told her about the bad news.as forIt .單句改錯1.In the past ten years，his attention has focused on this problem. _2.They offered me the computer with 1,000 yuan. _ 3.Exposing yourself too long to the sunlight makes great harm to your skin. _has后加上beenwithformakesdoes 4.I can hardly fancy George reads such difficult books. _ 5.He accepted the suggestion that the meeting was put off._ 6.Having been settled in the countryside for ten years，he has got used to the life there. _7.His dream that he wants to be a teacher has now realized. _ readsreadingwasbe 去掉beenrealized前加上been 8.He didnt make that clear when and where the meeting would be held. _ 9.If he put some money aside at that time，he would live a better life now. _10.With the governments aid, those being affected by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements. _ thatitput前加上had去掉being .寫作句式升級訓(xùn)練1.Popular science books are needed most.Usually they explain basic principles of nature in a simple and interesting way. (素材來源于2014浙江書面表達(dá))_ (用what從句及which從句改寫句子)What we need most are popular science books，which usually explain basic principles of nature in a simple and interesting way. 2.Popular science books not only offer us joy and excitement，but also encourage us to think critically. (素材來源于2014浙江書面表達(dá))_(用not only位于句首的倒裝句改寫句子)Not only do popular science books offer us joy and excitement，but also they encourage us to think critically.