網(wǎng)球發(fā)球機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)【卷筒拋射機(jī)器人設(shè)計(jì)】,卷筒拋射機(jī)器人設(shè)計(jì),網(wǎng)球發(fā)球機(jī)的設(shè)計(jì)【卷筒拋射機(jī)器人設(shè)計(jì)】,網(wǎng)球,發(fā)球,設(shè)計(jì),卷筒,拋射,機(jī)器人 外 文 翻 譯 外文翻譯中文題目 雖然已經(jīng)經(jīng)過(guò)一段時(shí)間的應(yīng)用,但是反當(dāng)前色譜儀器仍然處于初創(chuàng)階段。一個(gè)主要的制約因素是計(jì)數(shù)器當(dāng)前使用色譜作為一種分析工具的速度可以進(jìn)行分離。另一個(gè)問(wèn)題是發(fā)展儀器已經(jīng)無(wú)法利用界面直接連接質(zhì)譜檢測(cè)器而不需使用一個(gè)快速指叉球。 例如,一個(gè)早期技術(shù)儀器,有線圈350毫升和內(nèi)部直徑1.6毫米,通常操作流體每分鐘2毫升。這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)分離時(shí)間是大約3個(gè)小時(shí)。為這樣一個(gè)工具這并不是提供一個(gè)足夠快速分離，而更重要的是商業(yè)使用。 如此就需要減少這兩卷容量(減少樣品材料需要),減少分離的時(shí)間。容量可以減少內(nèi)部直徑的線圈。例如,人們做了很多嘗試來(lái)提供90毫升容量卷與內(nèi)部直徑0.8毫米的儀器，同時(shí)保留了相同的線性流體在流動(dòng)的速度以每分鐘0.5毫升。時(shí)間可以降低分離線圈長(zhǎng)度的減少,但這樣做已導(dǎo)致了損失的結(jié)論。例如,減少線圈長(zhǎng)度的四倍降低到22.5毫升容量和分離到45分鐘只能減少一半,問(wèn)題的結(jié)論,這是不可接受的。 此外,離心機(jī)是逆電流色譜，通常有一個(gè)或多個(gè)線圈長(zhǎng)度的實(shí)質(zhì)性油管(很多米)到一個(gè)或多個(gè)可調(diào)的傷口。沒(méi)有人會(huì)在現(xiàn)在的輪換制以很高的速度進(jìn)行可調(diào),通常是每分鐘1000轉(zhuǎn)。樣品分開(kāi)通過(guò)管道在離心剩余,那是線圈的旋轉(zhuǎn),然后使之分離。探測(cè)器,但最好是用一種典型的UV質(zhì)譜儀提供出口流體流分析。 目前常規(guī)線圈結(jié)構(gòu)的幾個(gè)難點(diǎn)是設(shè)計(jì)和操作離心機(jī)。例如,管柱往往采取行動(dòng),在操作這臺(tái)機(jī)器時(shí)放松一下。固定機(jī)制如通道繞組單獨(dú)的失衡、使用的油管灌封化合物舉行線圈已經(jīng)被使用,這些并不總是阻止,同時(shí)也添加復(fù)雜性問(wèn)題,在某些情況下稱為重量機(jī)器。此外,線圈的設(shè)計(jì)往往限于一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的螺旋安排。 總結(jié)發(fā)明 本發(fā)明提供一種改進(jìn)的求新的離心機(jī),最好的類型是可以用來(lái)進(jìn)行柜臺(tái)電流色譜的。 本發(fā)明還提供了反相色譜儀器包括一個(gè)離心分離機(jī)。 本發(fā)明提供了一個(gè)離心機(jī)離心包括鉛組件進(jìn)口、出口領(lǐng)導(dǎo)和一個(gè)飛行鉛部分提供了一個(gè)鞘內(nèi)部分進(jìn)口和出口引導(dǎo)的位置。 本發(fā)明提供了一個(gè)裝配，包括筒子紗離心機(jī)，支持至少一個(gè)線圈，轉(zhuǎn)子旋轉(zhuǎn)部件的傳授bobbin、至少包括一個(gè)軸承，它連接手段具有可操作性，removably附上梭對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子組件,附件,意味著切除梭轉(zhuǎn)子沒(méi)有切除或任何軸承轉(zhuǎn)子組件。 本發(fā)明提供了一種手段包括旋轉(zhuǎn)離心裝配線圈合用傳授旋轉(zhuǎn)一個(gè)線圈和房地產(chǎn)大幅籠罩線圈旋轉(zhuǎn)的方式。 本發(fā)明包括色譜線圈裝配提供實(shí)質(zhì)性的剛性基底上,至少有一個(gè)水管是由一組墻壁,至少其中之一墻壁基底形成。如果有可能的話,那里是提供了一組的上覆底彼此相關(guān),毗鄰基質(zhì)提供在所有的墻上,水管管道基質(zhì)由自己,不是由任何其他裝置。 首選的化身可以提供一個(gè)線圈結(jié)構(gòu)的剛性和固體,使線圈旋轉(zhuǎn)以很高的速度超過(guò)2000 rpm但無(wú)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的變形線圈結(jié)構(gòu)。它也允許提供卷與大幅度降低體積比傳統(tǒng)的抗球蛋白試管檢測(cè)法卷卷,或卷與更高的卷卷如果想要的。裝配也允許提供不同形式和橫截面形狀線圈,不容易達(dá)到的先驗(yàn)藝術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)。熟練的人會(huì)欣賞從以下描述裝配可以提供許多其他利益相對(duì)于現(xiàn)有技術(shù)系統(tǒng)。 試圖設(shè)計(jì)出這樣一種儀器發(fā)明者可以在幾分鐘內(nèi)完成分離,沒(méi)有提供或者是非常有限的背壓的積累和好的分辨率。考慮就是維護(hù)固定相,同時(shí)降低線圈保留體積線圈長(zhǎng)度縮短。但是,維持一個(gè)更高的線速度增加旋轉(zhuǎn)的速度線圈允許流動(dòng)相流速增大。在效果上,這種取得了增加的速度旋轉(zhuǎn)的線圈(s)的作用,更高的" g "領(lǐng)域在運(yùn)行過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的固位裝置將更好的固定相在流允許顯著增加而不丟失。此外,首選體現(xiàn)一個(gè)較小的轉(zhuǎn)子提供了更多的問(wèn)題和解決措施,每分鐘混合使得更好的階段之間傳熱傳質(zhì)。 一個(gè)額外的好處,文中介紹了線圈和飛行鉛背壓能明顯減少,他們現(xiàn)在可以容納產(chǎn)生的背壓,例如,一個(gè)nebuliser質(zhì)譜檢測(cè)器，經(jīng)過(guò)本發(fā)明體現(xiàn)了25毫升容量與線圈內(nèi)部直徑0.8毫米線圈管材，它可能保持流量2 - 4毫升每分鐘,從而達(dá)到分離6到12分鐘。線圈能力降低，甚至5毫升分離時(shí)間減少1 - 2分鐘。因此,它可以提供真正的快速分析規(guī)模計(jì)數(shù)器當(dāng)前色譜。 一個(gè)實(shí)施例中,一個(gè)線圈內(nèi)部直徑0.8毫米約10米長(zhǎng)的油管被用于旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)器能夠在高轉(zhuǎn)速,超過(guò)2000轉(zhuǎn)/分,產(chǎn)生了更高的“g”水平。結(jié)果相當(dāng)高比例得保存保留、增加固定相的數(shù)量和解決循環(huán)混合在給定的時(shí)間范圍。兩個(gè)這樣的效果降低了線圈長(zhǎng)度抵消管材。 一個(gè)懸臂轉(zhuǎn)子提供機(jī)器使所有的部件的離心機(jī)，離心機(jī)安裝在懸臂式轉(zhuǎn)子也大幅度降低了復(fù)雜度的機(jī)器。它允許使用特殊設(shè)計(jì)，如飛行鉛配置、梭配置和安排封閉齒輪箱,所有的教等內(nèi)容。它也允許使用不同類型的線圈結(jié)構(gòu)。 它可以大幅度降低背壓，從出口領(lǐng)先連接到融通背壓檢測(cè)設(shè)備。此外,簡(jiǎn)單的設(shè)計(jì)飛行鉛部分也能極大地減少其磨損和撕裂,因此極大地增加該組件具有很強(qiáng)的可靠性。 發(fā)明的背景 本發(fā)明涉及到離心機(jī)是適用于離心分離、沉積或類似的小樣本。例如,在日本13839/62的電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)軸插入一個(gè)內(nèi)在的住房、管架支持或所謂的轉(zhuǎn)子軸安裝在扶輪社內(nèi)住房、復(fù)數(shù)個(gè)試管被安置在轉(zhuǎn)子徑向非扶輪軸。由駕駛電機(jī)在高速狀態(tài)下,試管旋轉(zhuǎn)的離心力向樣品在試管中分離、沉淀。這樣一個(gè)傳統(tǒng)的離心分離,因?yàn)槟切┰嚬軆?nèi)陳列在住房在高速旋轉(zhuǎn),所以試管的溫度很有可能上升,由于空氣阻力施加影響的樣品。此外,既然的試管受到空氣阻力大等高速旋轉(zhuǎn),那么以旋轉(zhuǎn)的試管對(duì)大型空氣就有阻力;因此,一個(gè)大的驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)的力量是必需的賠償，偏差損失及電機(jī)的功率消耗自然增加。另外有一個(gè)問(wèn)題而產(chǎn)生的噪聲的試管在高速旋轉(zhuǎn)。為了避免這樣的缺陷,已經(jīng)提議用一個(gè)容器內(nèi)處理住房和地方管架攜帶試管的容器。這種情況下,試管架離心力是直接用于集裝箱和離心慣性力是非常大的,所以,機(jī)械容器必須堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。因此,容器是由金屬制成,而且厚及其慣性矩的損失是巨大的。這樣一個(gè)容器也駕駛本身就是一種電機(jī)功率大的需要并且很難加速而停止了容器。轉(zhuǎn)子在高速驅(qū)動(dòng),空氣被旋轉(zhuǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)子降低空氣壓力在附近的旋轉(zhuǎn)中心點(diǎn)和空氣被拉到離心機(jī)從一個(gè)空氣進(jìn)氣道形成于把蓋子蓋在反對(duì)關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)子旋轉(zhuǎn)中心點(diǎn),空氣通過(guò)空氣抽出進(jìn)氣道被用來(lái)在轉(zhuǎn)子下來(lái)。這個(gè)安排許可證,容易冷卻的轉(zhuǎn)子而有缺陷,產(chǎn)生的噪聲附近空氣進(jìn)氣道。這是一個(gè)對(duì)象的本發(fā)明提供離心機(jī),試管,不受一種大型空氣阻力大大增加,因此沒(méi)有溫度也不產(chǎn)生噪音,有小偏差,因而在損失允許使用電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)力小。本發(fā)明的另一個(gè)目標(biāo)是提供一個(gè)離心機(jī),轉(zhuǎn)子比較輕,因此可以由電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的相對(duì)小功率降低整體功率消耗。還有另一個(gè)目的是提供一個(gè)離心分離機(jī),這是適應(yīng)把空氣在涼爽的轉(zhuǎn)子和試管,這樣可以減少噪聲。本發(fā)明根據(jù)總結(jié)本發(fā)明,且已形成整體轉(zhuǎn)子的一組equiangular手臂間隔和管架是相鄰的各處理的手臂,每一種都具有它的盡頭分走部分延長(zhǎng)了部分對(duì)相鄰的武器。上面的部分轉(zhuǎn)子的手臂邊上的一個(gè)開(kāi)口的內(nèi)形成了整體變更住房分別扇形板兩部分。截面板平直部分完全上端的面孔管架放在雙臂形成一個(gè)相鄰環(huán)形飛機(jī)。轉(zhuǎn)子覆蓋著風(fēng)的盾牌,是底柱狀,并擁有自己的上端開(kāi)了。內(nèi)在的外圍表面實(shí)質(zhì)上是風(fēng)盾在與外部周邊表面的部分區(qū)域板塊;因此,上部的一端開(kāi)口的盾牌大多是風(fēng)的高效板關(guān)閉和管架處理部分相鄰臂的轉(zhuǎn)子。每個(gè)管架相鄰的手臂處理取得了在轉(zhuǎn)子多個(gè)洞為接受試管,并形成了整體變更有腿在其反對(duì)結(jié)束,大體上是u型管架。管架是相鄰的手臂放在轉(zhuǎn)子,腿和近水平兩方面之間的邊緣部分腿了舊有的部分對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子的手臂。因此,當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)子驅(qū)動(dòng)電機(jī)、離心力應(yīng)用于管架敦促它反對(duì)階梯兩部分。一端開(kāi)口的部分是由風(fēng)盾幾乎關(guān)閉一只腳架,每只管子扇形板部分,另一個(gè)回合的管架的底部是受風(fēng)的盾牌。管架大體上是u形如上面所提到的長(zhǎng)度與它的腿被選中,這樣當(dāng)管架站,例如在一張桌子,試管插入試管接收孔之間形成的腿還沒(méi)有達(dá)到了桌子上。如上所述,在本發(fā)明的離心機(jī)、離心力用于測(cè)試管和管架是受到了部分的武器和盾牌轉(zhuǎn)子風(fēng)是連接到轉(zhuǎn)子在某種意義上來(lái)說(shuō),所有的試管包圍,此外,一端開(kāi)口部分風(fēng)盾牌放在這邊的一端開(kāi)口的內(nèi)在住房的扇形板幾乎關(guān)閉部分轉(zhuǎn)子上的管腳架。因此,即使在高速轉(zhuǎn)子驅(qū)動(dòng),試管,不受空氣阻力,這也確保了圓柱風(fēng)盾牌,使箱內(nèi)溫度的樣品在試管中不可能上升和樣品質(zhì)量并沒(méi)有改變。此外,所謂的偏差損失小,電機(jī)可以規(guī)模小、驅(qū)動(dòng)力量。自從試管,不受空氣阻力、低噪音是由旋轉(zhuǎn)試管。管架是受到轉(zhuǎn)子風(fēng)屏蔽不接待大型離心作用于管架,這樣風(fēng)盾可以薄而輕,因此是小中慣性。因此,它可以快速旋轉(zhuǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)子在高速阻止它很快。進(jìn)一步,風(fēng)從盾的廉價(jià)材料和制造。離心機(jī)的蓋子已形成一個(gè)空氣在進(jìn)氣道。轉(zhuǎn)子自轉(zhuǎn)的空氣吹離了建立一個(gè)反壓力中心附近的旋轉(zhuǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)子和空氣被拉到離心機(jī)從外部通過(guò)空氣進(jìn)氣道流在轉(zhuǎn)子下來(lái)。在這種情況下,空氣進(jìn)氣道形成項(xiàng)目進(jìn)一步向身邊的轉(zhuǎn)子比的內(nèi)表面蓋和突出的外表面被縮減,端部分的半徑對(duì)空氣進(jìn)氣道減小轉(zhuǎn)子。這個(gè)安排減少和防止空氣的旋轉(zhuǎn)將發(fā)生在附近的空氣進(jìn)氣道,抑制噪聲產(chǎn)生的。簡(jiǎn)要介紹圖紙圖1是一種垂直截面觀點(diǎn)說(shuō)明一種體現(xiàn)本發(fā)明的一個(gè)離心分離機(jī),圖2是一個(gè)計(jì)劃,對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子用于體現(xiàn)圖1,圖3是一個(gè)部門(mén)采取的路線角度——一個(gè)在圖2,圖4轉(zhuǎn)子角度去看待,圖5是一個(gè)角度去看待一管架,圖6是一個(gè)擴(kuò)大截面觀點(diǎn)的一個(gè)例子說(shuō)明空氣進(jìn)口港口;圖7是一個(gè)圖形顯示轉(zhuǎn)速的關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)子和電機(jī)的功耗;圖8是圖形顯示關(guān)系離心機(jī)的運(yùn)行時(shí)間和樣品的溫度升高,無(wú)花果餅來(lái)。9一個(gè)9 E、包容、剖面視圖的例子顯示各種不同空氣進(jìn)口端口、和圖10是一個(gè)圖形顯示的頻率特性產(chǎn)生的噪聲時(shí),空氣進(jìn)口港口。首選的化身的描述在圖1,外部的住房11離心逐漸形式:一個(gè)矩形的形態(tài)及其頂部面板12已形成一個(gè)大開(kāi)其中13,覆蓋著一個(gè)蓋子用鉸鏈安裝16成功舉足輕重15分的最頂端面板的14分11個(gè)籃板。外住房一種內(nèi)在的住房?jī)?nèi)17處理外部住房在其上方和11分上下邊緣的一端開(kāi)口的內(nèi)在住房11彎表面形成一個(gè)法蘭,是專業(yè)從事前面板12這樣內(nèi)住房17懸掛在住房11外。在內(nèi)部處理住房17在外面的住房11是一個(gè)汽車(chē)18歲。一個(gè)支撐板固定安裝在19外住房11到擴(kuò)展到它的中間部分。電機(jī)18分處理其中間體躺在一個(gè)洞在支撐板19和阻尼器的手段是介于22支撐板19和法蘭21的18電機(jī),電機(jī)的18支持支撐板19歲。一個(gè)底部面板23內(nèi)形成了住房17其中一個(gè)洞,藉此頂部尾部分電機(jī)延伸到內(nèi)在的住房18 17歲。間隔空間的邊緣延伸部分邊緣的電機(jī)和底面板18第二十三內(nèi)在住房17關(guān)閉關(guān)閉彈性板24,例如,橡膠。轉(zhuǎn)子26裝在電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)軸十八25內(nèi)住房17歲。一個(gè)控制旋鈕裝在前面板27外部住房11,利用旋鈕28、29安裝在一個(gè)控制單元的內(nèi)部控制面板27被激活的旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)18歲。如圖。2到4,且已形成整體轉(zhuǎn)子26日,比如,四plate-shaped武器31日至31日在equiangular間隔d對(duì)其旋轉(zhuǎn)中心點(diǎn)。最后部分厚度逐漸增加的每只手兩側(cè)手臂和未來(lái)的計(jì)畫(huà)對(duì)相鄰的手臂部分形成了32兩側(cè)手臂,因而提供了作為一個(gè)整體來(lái)接收部分架37歲。上面的部分武器31日至31日維邊上的一端開(kāi)口部分內(nèi)在的住房,各有sectorially 17結(jié)束了33表明到33 d。鄯善弧形邊際的邊緣部分一個(gè)扇形板33 33 d躺在同一圈中心左右的旋轉(zhuǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)子26歲。轉(zhuǎn)子是在其中心tubular-shaped 26分,其中通過(guò)了一個(gè)洞今年34歲,可以插入到25電機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)軸18歲了,里克斯于是螺母擰緊35是螺紋切割投影機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)軸結(jié)束25、夾緊定轉(zhuǎn)子26歲。堅(jiān)果閥座位置低于扇形板第33 a到33 d部分。33歲的高效的部分一個(gè)板塊整體33 d形成不同的接收部分延伸至37架下跌到電機(jī)18歲。這樣一個(gè)轉(zhuǎn)子形成,例如,通過(guò)加工的金屬或壓鑄和可由鋁或喜歡材料用于減少其重量的目的。風(fēng)在38處理盾轉(zhuǎn)子26,以此方式來(lái)掩蓋。風(fēng)盾38是柱狀,是它的底線板頭碰頭了39是最后的面孔和31個(gè)d武器31 a的邊上,電機(jī)用螺絲固定的長(zhǎng)18 41手臂31日至31日d,因此removably附在轉(zhuǎn)子26歲。底部39風(fēng)盾板有一個(gè)集中處理38開(kāi)放接收端部分底部的管狀的身體部分的轉(zhuǎn)子26歲。一端開(kāi)口部分風(fēng)38大體上是平直盾板部分的高效的33至33 d和上部邊緣部分內(nèi)在周?chē)膲︼L(fēng)盾42 38舉行輕接觸與外部扇形板周邊表面的第三十三條、第三十三條d部分。風(fēng)是由出版社盾38工作或圖紙的鋁或相似的或作為一個(gè)成型的一種合成樹(shù)脂材料用碳纖維加固。在這種情況下,風(fēng)盾38必須盡可能的薄如強(qiáng)但機(jī)械在某種程度上,輕便。兩臂的相鄰的31日至31日維轉(zhuǎn)子26處理管架44。管架上有實(shí)質(zhì)性的44個(gè)U形如此,例如,顯示在圖5在這一過(guò)程中,形成了完整的板體45 2:5 46和47延伸腿朝同一個(gè)方向,使其中的一個(gè)或多個(gè)排管接收孔48人。試管49,每一種都具有一個(gè)法蘭51從它的開(kāi)口端延伸表面分別插入管孔和停職接受48身體與法蘭45 51落在邊緣的部分孔48人。在這種情況下,試管49足夠短,當(dāng)懸掛在身體45,他們不能擴(kuò)展所乘坐的飛機(jī)的面孔的下端腿46和47說(shuō)謊。雙側(cè)邊緣部分身體部分45形式從事52和53為參與了32轉(zhuǎn)子部分武器,也就是說(shuō),從事52和53項(xiàng)目部分直立地方向的腿46和47。如圖。2到4、管架44每相鄰的插入武器31日至31日維轉(zhuǎn)子26日在如此的方式外表是一頭碰頭了兩條腿底部的風(fēng)盾板39 38,從事52和53配套部分從事了32個(gè)相鄰的部分武器,其他的腿上表面實(shí)質(zhì)上是與扇形板沖到33 d第33 a部分時(shí),扇形板之間的空間相鄰的部分武器。因此,在這個(gè)例子中,當(dāng)四管架44裝上轉(zhuǎn)子26日,一端開(kāi)口的風(fēng)盾幾乎關(guān)閉管架的腿和扇形板44分33至33 d。管架44形狀作出相應(yīng)的反應(yīng)。這是希望當(dāng)管架44裝上轉(zhuǎn)子26、管架體分布較短45管狀的身體距離轉(zhuǎn)子26歲。在這個(gè)例子中,然而,由于堅(jiān)果閥座位置是降低如前所述,當(dāng)管架裝,至少一個(gè)的樣品管架坐落在每只管子上頂面以上的管狀體轉(zhuǎn)子、管架44可以容易的安裝在轉(zhuǎn)子和步兵26歲。管架44可以由成型,例如,合成樹(shù)脂材料,它是喜歡使用一種合成樹(shù)脂材料的相對(duì)較大的機(jī)械強(qiáng)度。16其中蓋子已形成一個(gè)空氣進(jìn)氣道61結(jié)盟的旋轉(zhuǎn)中心的轉(zhuǎn)子26日,如圖1。空氣進(jìn)口61端口的建筑,比如,如圖6它。內(nèi)端頭位于更遠(yuǎn)的一側(cè)的轉(zhuǎn)子26比內(nèi)表面的蓋子16歲。外部周邊部分的表面,定義在其中空氣進(jìn)口61端口和項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行更進(jìn)一步的向身邊的轉(zhuǎn)子蓋子26比16、坡向上對(duì)外83所示,以至于直徑的部分對(duì)82年逐漸增加的內(nèi)表面的蓋子十六16從內(nèi)層81年底。這是83年者輕輕concaved邊坡的形狀接近流線型,允許一個(gè)流暢的流程運(yùn)作的空氣沿斜坡83。,這是合乎情理的長(zhǎng)度空氣進(jìn)口H的港口61年1.2倍以上其內(nèi)徑與H(長(zhǎng)度小于1.2 D,噪音防治效果減小了。相反,如果有太大的長(zhǎng)度,然后空氣進(jìn)氣道結(jié)構(gòu)可能對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子的屁股26和噪聲防治效果飽和不是那么提高。因此,它者H小于其長(zhǎng)度大約4 D .這是有效的曲率半徑的邊坡83 R大于1/2 D,最好是等于內(nèi)徑D的空氣進(jìn)氣道61。另外,內(nèi)在的外圍表面的空氣進(jìn)口61端口的鄰近地區(qū)的外部開(kāi)口端斜坡向上和份額也從表面上看,84所示圖6,也就是說(shuō),直徑的空氣進(jìn)氣道在61年它的外部開(kāi)口向外逐漸增加部分一端開(kāi)口。它者的曲率半徑的邊坡84 r大于1/4 D和的影響邊坡84是提供時(shí)取得的曲率半徑的1/7(r大于在使用離心分離機(jī)的試管插入49含樣品測(cè)試管孔管接到48架44,放置在轉(zhuǎn)子26如圖。(二)、(三)、16放在蓋子,然后旋轉(zhuǎn)電機(jī)驅(qū)動(dòng)的18轉(zhuǎn)子26歲。在這種情況下,空氣被吹離了自轉(zhuǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)子26至減少空氣壓力在附近的旋轉(zhuǎn)中心點(diǎn)。因此,空氣被拉到內(nèi)在的住房17從外部通過(guò)空氣進(jìn)氣道61到流道轉(zhuǎn)子26,然后沿風(fēng)吹出盾38歲,在外面住房11穿過(guò)一個(gè)洞內(nèi)使住房,然后釋放到外面排氣端口65通過(guò)在面板的14外住房11分。在這種情況下,就有可能吸收噪聲提供了一個(gè)曲折的空氣通道的排氣端口65附近外住房11分。在本發(fā)明的離心機(jī)如上所述,轉(zhuǎn)子26形成了統(tǒng)一的結(jié)構(gòu)與武器31日至31日d,每一種都有了32分,和一個(gè)強(qiáng)大的離心力采用轉(zhuǎn)子旋轉(zhuǎn)管架26至44敦促他們參與了公司的部分32。轉(zhuǎn)子26可以比較輕,能充分支持管架44。此外,由于轉(zhuǎn)子結(jié)構(gòu),包括管架裝上圍幾乎全部由風(fēng)盾上第38和從一端開(kāi)口的風(fēng)盾牌大多是關(guān)閉38管架和扇形板44分33至33 d,空氣中內(nèi)在的住房并不存在顯著的干擾而流動(dòng)的很順利,即空氣阻力損失不大,偏差小,并因此能在最大程度上產(chǎn)生的噪音問(wèn)題并不嚴(yán)重。電機(jī)的功耗18相對(duì)變化轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速的測(cè)量。電力消費(fèi)的情況下,風(fēng)是使用盾牌38等曲線表明,由68年的圖7,而當(dāng)風(fēng)盾38沒(méi)有用,功率消耗是69年所示圖7。在圖7的abscissa代表了轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速和ordinate功耗電機(jī)。它將被理解功耗隨是否采用盾38風(fēng)或不,耗電量減少提供風(fēng)盾38人。在圖8 abscissa代表了一個(gè)時(shí)刻的開(kāi)始后的ordinate轉(zhuǎn)子和氣溫上升的試管。曲線71表示這樣的情形,使用風(fēng)盾和曲線38 72表示這樣的情形,風(fēng)盾38未提供。在測(cè)量轉(zhuǎn)子旋轉(zhuǎn)速度被囚禁在12000轉(zhuǎn)/分的曲線的對(duì)比表明,71年和72年不同溫度升高,盡可能多的超過(guò)6°c,這取決于風(fēng)提供盾。第三十八將被從以上,供應(yīng)的風(fēng)盾38,試管遇到空氣阻力小,甚至幾乎沒(méi)有產(chǎn)生熱量,因此,沒(méi)有不良影響后來(lái)的樣品。進(jìn)一步、噪音測(cè)定了轉(zhuǎn)子旋轉(zhuǎn)速度在12000轉(zhuǎn)/分的噪音是61.5手機(jī)當(dāng)風(fēng)盾38沒(méi)有提供更多的細(xì)節(jié),但噪聲水平是66.8手機(jī)當(dāng)風(fēng)盾38沒(méi)有使用。過(guò)濾器的特點(diǎn)是聲音的高低使用特點(diǎn)。因此,還可以抑制噪聲產(chǎn)生的由所提供的風(fēng)盾38人。所提供的腿46和47在管架44方便攜帶,管架44歲的試管49,如圖5可以站在一個(gè)桌子或一個(gè)長(zhǎng)凳上。61年的空氣進(jìn)氣道在圖6中顯示,它在項(xiàng)目進(jìn)一步向身邊的轉(zhuǎn)子26比內(nèi)表面的蓋子16及外部表面形成邊坡83,電流的空氣85順流而下的內(nèi)表面平滑地指導(dǎo)蓋16沿斜坡流downwardly 83就能一起與電流的空氣被拉到87年,61年和年的空氣進(jìn)氣道釋放事宜。因此,毫無(wú)恐懼,當(dāng)前的空氣85順流而下的內(nèi)表面16和當(dāng)前的蓋子空氣87與空氣進(jìn)口61端口運(yùn)行在彼此周?chē)D(zhuǎn)、出聲音的。此外,外開(kāi)口端斜分84空氣進(jìn)口61端口光滑圖方便外面的空氣進(jìn)入空氣進(jìn)氣道61,確保以防止噪音的世代。測(cè)量了進(jìn)氣噪聲產(chǎn)生的港口時(shí)聲音的高低不同設(shè)計(jì)的特點(diǎn)與本案有關(guān)的當(dāng)同一轉(zhuǎn)子在12000轉(zhuǎn)/分的驅(qū)動(dòng)的情況下,空氣進(jìn)氣道61年形狀,如圖13毫米九內(nèi)徑,蓋子16 D 8毫米厚,噪音是87.5的手機(jī)。在這樣的情形,空氣進(jìn)氣道61年形狀,如圖9 B和13毫米直徑D內(nèi),22毫米長(zhǎng)H和40毫米外徑、噪聲水平是86.5的手機(jī)。在這樣的情形,有空氣進(jìn)氣道外形如圖22毫米。9 C和長(zhǎng)H、13毫米的內(nèi)徑,5毫米曲率半徑,84年在邊坡的上端,18毫米的曲率半徑,更低的結(jié)束和40毫米外徑、噪聲水平是86.5的手機(jī)。在這樣的情形,有空氣進(jìn)口港口建設(shè),如圖9 D,D內(nèi)徑、長(zhǎng)度H和外徑的13毫米,22毫米和40毫米,分別對(duì)邊坡形成于84和83年上端坡組成一個(gè)曲率半徑的15毫米,噪音水平為84.5的手機(jī)。這是低于噪音水平在上述三個(gè)例子,特別是,它降低超過(guò)三個(gè)電話,相比傳統(tǒng)的情況下空氣進(jìn)氣道結(jié)構(gòu)圖。9。在這個(gè)例子中空氣進(jìn)氣道在圖6中顯示,,當(dāng)它的長(zhǎng)度H、外徑和內(nèi)徑22毫米,40毫米和13毫米和曲率半徑分別對(duì)邊坡的83年和84年是15毫米,10毫米,分別對(duì)噪聲水平是82.8的手機(jī)。在案件空氣進(jìn)氣道相同的形狀和大小,除了以上曲率半徑,84年是邊坡5毫米,噪音水平進(jìn)一步降低到82.2的手機(jī)。隨著空氣進(jìn)氣道結(jié)構(gòu)顯示在圖6,可以降低噪聲水平超過(guò)6電話相比,在藝術(shù)結(jié)構(gòu)。九圖。一般來(lái)說(shuō),很難降低噪音水平高達(dá)6電話,但這可以實(shí)現(xiàn)空氣進(jìn)氣道在圖6中顯示,61年。空氣進(jìn)口港圖6展現(xiàn)了噪聲防治效果無(wú)論在轉(zhuǎn)子的轉(zhuǎn)速。在這樣的情形,空氣進(jìn)口61端口13歲的圖6毫米內(nèi)徑、外徑40毫米,22毫米長(zhǎng)H、15毫米的曲率半徑,83,斜坡5毫米曲率半徑,84年和年在邊坡的轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速12000轉(zhuǎn)/分有了這樣的噪聲頻率特性曲線91所示的圖。10。當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)子旋轉(zhuǎn)速度降低到10000轉(zhuǎn)/分噪聲的頻率特性曲線的等92所指定的;當(dāng)轉(zhuǎn)子轉(zhuǎn)速的進(jìn)一步降低為8000轉(zhuǎn)/分特征表明當(dāng)作曲線93。自然成為低噪聲的旋轉(zhuǎn)速度降低,這些曲線顯示相同的趨勢(shì)。這表明空氣進(jìn)氣道結(jié)構(gòu)在圖6中顯示,能有效減弱噪聲無(wú)論在轉(zhuǎn)子的轉(zhuǎn)速。當(dāng)直徑的空氣進(jìn)氣道如圖13歲。9毫米,噪聲頻率特性曲線的等94所指定的圖。10。曲線的比較94年91年至93年的曲線表明,空氣進(jìn)氣道結(jié)構(gòu)的圖6可以減少噪聲。此外,它也將被欣賞,最嚴(yán)厲的聲音赫茲或更低頻率2千赫的衰敗。也可以使用一個(gè)空氣進(jìn)氣道結(jié)構(gòu),如圖9 E的內(nèi)部周邊的內(nèi)在端部分表面港口也形成了一個(gè)斜坡,所以95年內(nèi)徑逐漸增加的開(kāi)口朝下轉(zhuǎn)子的邊上。這個(gè)空氣進(jìn)氣道結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)一步抑制了噪聲產(chǎn)生的。顯然這個(gè)例子如圖9 B,可以減弱噪聲即使邊坡84并不是形成。,這是合乎情理的邊坡83流線的形狀,但邊坡83也不一定要一個(gè)凹曲面邊坡,也可以直接顯示在圖被斷開(kāi)的線。6。無(wú)花果的案件。6、9 D和9 E,空氣進(jìn)氣道結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生的蓋子,分別安裝16進(jìn)了一個(gè)洞在蓋16歲。這樣一個(gè)空氣進(jìn)氣道結(jié)構(gòu)可由鋁、黃銅或如金屬、合成樹(shù)脂、橡膠或其它類似的過(guò)道。在案件的使空氣進(jìn)口模具結(jié)構(gòu),即使斜坡復(fù)雜形狀、模具生產(chǎn)有一次一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的空氣進(jìn)口結(jié)構(gòu)可以大量生產(chǎn)的在低成本下使用?？諝膺M(jìn)氣道結(jié)構(gòu)可以壓入16或附蓋膠的粘結(jié)劑。這是首選的空氣進(jìn)氣道結(jié)構(gòu)是由材料的表面光滑,以免驚擾了電流的流動(dòng)的空氣來(lái)。空氣進(jìn)氣道結(jié)構(gòu)也不一定要分別形成眼瞼，也可以形成一個(gè)統(tǒng)一的結(jié)構(gòu)——蓋子。此外,使用本發(fā)明并不僅限于對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子圖1顯示的，這項(xiàng)發(fā)明還通常適用于冷卻轉(zhuǎn)子安排和試管。很顯然,許多修正和變異可能沒(méi)有造成新奇的概念范圍的發(fā)明。 The present invention relates to a centrifuge which is suitable for use in centrifugal separation, sedimentation or the like of small samples. In the kind of centrifuges employed in the past for this purpose, as disclosed, for example, in Japanese Pat. No. 13839/62, the rotary shaft of a motor is inserted into an inner housing, a tube rack support or what is called a rotor is mounted on the rotary shaft in the inner housing, a plurality of test tubes are placed in the rotor radially of the rotary shaft. By driving the motor at high speed, the test tubes are rotated to apply centrifugal force to the samples centrifuge in the test tubes for separation and sedimentation. In such a conventional , since the test tubes are exposed in the inner housing during the high-speed rotation, the temperature of the test tubes is likely to rise due to air resistance to exert influence on the samples. Furthermore, since the test tubes are subjected to a large air resistance by such high-speed rotation, it is necessary to rotate the test tubes against the large air resistance; accordingly, a large drive power is required of the motor to compensate for what is called a windage loss and the power consumption of the motor naturally increases. In addition, there is a problem of noise which is generated by the test tubes while being rotated at high speed. To avoid such defects, it has been proposed to dispose a container in the inner housing and place tube racks carrying test tubes in the container. In this case, however, a centrifugal force of the tube rack is applied directly to the container and the force centrifugal is very large, so that the container must be mechanically strong. Accordingly, the container is made of metal and thick and its moment of inertia is large. Also for driving such a container itself, a motor of large power is needed and it is difficult to rapidly accelerate and stop the container. There has been proposed a centrifuge in which, when the rotor is driven at high speed, air is driven by the rotating rotor to decrease the air pressure in the vicinity of its center of rotation and air is drawn into the centrifuge from an air inlet port formed in its lid in opposing relation to the center of rotation of the rotor, the air drawn through the air inlet port being directed around the rotor to cool it. This arrangement permits easy cooling of the rotor but has the defect that noises are produced in the neighborhood of the air inlet port. It is an object of the present invention to provide a centrifuge in which test tubes are not subjected to a large air resistance and hence do not greatly rise in temperature nor do they produce noises and which is small in windage loss and consequently permits the use of a motor of small drive power. Another object of the present invention is to provide a centrifuge in which the rotor is relatively lightweight and hence can be driven by a motor of relatively small power to reduce the overall power consumption. Still another object is to provide a centrifuge which is adapted to draw air therein to cool the rotor and test tubes, and which is less noisy. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the present invention, the rotor has formed integrally therewith a plurality of arms at equiangular intervals and tube racks are each disposed between adjacent ones of the arms, each of which has stepped portions at its end portion to extend towards the stepped portions of adjacent arms. The upper parts of the arms of the rotor on the side of an open end of an inner housing respectively have formed integrally therewith sectorial plate portions. The sectional plate portions are substantially flush with the upper end faces of the tube racks placed between adjacent arms to form a ring-shaped plane. The rotor is covered with a wind shield, which is cylindrical in shape and bottomed and has its upper end opened. The inner peripheral surface of the wind shield is substantially in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the sectorial plate portions; accordingly, the upper open end of the wind shield is mostly closed by the sectorial plate portions and the tube racks disposed between adjacent arms of the rotor. Each of the tube racks disposed between adjacent arms of the rotor has made therein a plurality of holes for receiving test tubes and has legs formed integrally therewith at its opposing ends so that the tube rack is substantially U-shaped. The tube rack is placed between adjacent arms of the rotor, with its legs held almost horizontally and with both side marginal portions between the legs abutted against the stepped portions of the arms of the rotor. Accordingly, when the rotor is driven by the motor, a centrifugal force is applied to the tube rack to urge it against the stepped portions. The open end portion of the wind shield is almost closed by one leg of each tube rack and the sectorial plate portions and the other leg of the tube rack is received by the bottom of the wind shield. The tube rack is substantially U-shaped as mentioned above and the length of its legs is selected so that when the tube rack stands, for example, on a table, test tubes inserted into the test tube receiving holes formed between the legs do not reach the table. As described above, in the centrifuge of the present invention, centrifugal forces applied to the test tubes and the tube racks are received by the stepped portions of the arms of the rotor and the wind shield is attached to the rotor in a manner to surround all the test tubes and, in addition, the open end portion of the wind shield on the side of the open end of the inner housing is almost closed by the sectorial plate portions of the rotor and the upper legs of the tube racks. Accordingly, even when the rotor is driven at high speed, the test tubes are not subjected to air resistance and this is also ensured by the cylindrical wind shield, so that the temperature of the sample in the test tube is not likely to rise and the sample does not change in quality. Moreover, what is called the windage loss is small and the motor may be small in size and in drive power. Since the test tubes are not subjected to air resistance, less noise is produced by the revolving test tubes. The tube racks are received by the rotor and the wind shield does not receive a large centrifugal force applied to the tube racks, so that the wind shield can be made thin and lightweight and hence it is small in inertia. Consequently, it is possible to rapidly rotate the rotor at high speed and stop it quickly. Further, the wind shield is inexpensive in terms of material and manufacture. The lid of the centrifuge has formed therein an air inlet port. By the rotation of the rotor air is blown off to create a negative pressure in the neighborhood of the center of rotation of the rotor and air is drawn into the centrifuge from the outside through the air inlet port to flow around the rotor to cool it. In this case, the air inlet port is formed to project further to the side of the rotor than the inner surface of the lid and the outer surface of the projecting end portion is tapered so that the radius of the air inlet port decreases towards the rotor. This arrangement reduces or prevents swirling of air which will occur in the vicinity of the air inlet port, to suppress noise generation. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a vertical sectional view illustrating an embodiment of a centrifuge of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a plan view of a rotor used in the embodiment of FIG. 1; FIG. 3 is a sectional view taken on the line A--A in FIG. 2; FIG. 4 is a perspective view of the rotor; FIG. 5 is a perspective view of a tube rack; FIG. 6 is an enlarged sectional view illustrating an example of an air inlet port; FIG. 7 is a graph showing the relationship between the rotational speed of the rotor and the power consumption of a motor; FIG. 8 is a graph showing the relationship between the running time of the centrifuge and the temperature rise of a sample; FIGS. 9A to 9E, inclusive, are sectional views showing various examples of air inlet ports; and FIG. 10 is a graph showing the frequency characteristics of noises generated by air inlet ports. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS In FIG. 1, an outer housing 11 of the centrifuge has substantially a rectangular configuration and its top panel 12 has formed therein a large opening 13, which is covered with a lid 16 pivotally mounted by a hinge 15 on the top end portion of a rear panel 14 of the outer housing 11. An inner housing 17 is disposed within the outer housing 11 in its upper part and the marginal portion of an upper open end of the inner housing 11 is bent outwardly to form a flange, which is engaged with the top panel 12 so that the inner housing 17 is suspended in the outer housing 11. Disposed under the inner housing 17 in the outer housing 11 is a motor 18. A support plate 19 is fixedly mounted in the outer housing 11 to extend across its intermediate part. The motor 18 is disposed with its intermediate portion lying in a hole made in the support plate 19 and damper means 22 are interposed between the support plate 19 and a flange 21 of the motor 18, by which the motor 18 is supported on the support plate 19. A bottom panel 23 of the inner housing 17 has formed therein a hole, through which the top end portion of the motor 18 extends into the inner housing 17. The space between the marginal edge of the extending portion of the motor 18 and the bottom panel 23 of the inner housing 17 is closed by an elastic closing plate 24, e.g., of rubber. A rotor 26 is mounted on a rotary shaft 25 of the motor 18 in the inner housing 17. A control knob is mounted on a front panel 27 of the outer housing 11 and, by manipulating the knob 28, a control unit 29 mounted on the inside of the panel 27 is activated to control the rotation of the motor 18. As shown in FIGS. 2 to 4, the rotor 26 has formed integrally therewith, for instance, four plate-shaped arms 31a to 31d at equiangular intervals about its center of rotation. The thickness at the end portion of each arm gradually increases on the both sides of the arm and further projects towards the adjacent arms to form stepped portions 32 on the both sides of the arm, thus providing as a whole a rack receiving portion 37. The upper parts of the arms 31a to 31d on the side of the open end portion of the inner housing 17 respectively have their ends sectorially expanded as indicated by 33a to 33d. The arcuate marginal edges of the sectorial plate portions 33a to 33d lie on the same circle about the center of rotation of the rotor 26. The rotor 26 is tubular-shaped in its central portion and has made therein a through hole 34, into which is inserted the rotary shaft 25 of the motor 18, and a nut 35 is tightened on screw threads cut in the projecting end of the rotary shaft 25, clamping thereto the rotor 26. The nut seating position is lower than the sectorial plate portions 33a to 33d. The sectorial plate