專項九 動詞的非謂語形式 非謂語動詞：動詞不定式 ，v.-ing 形式，過去分詞 在以下幾個方面： 1.動詞不定式作主語、賓語、賓補、目的狀語和定語的用法。 2.“疑問詞+動詞不定式（短語）”結構的用法。 3.v.-ing形式作賓語、賓補和定語的用法。 4.不帶to 的動詞不定式（短語）的用法。 5.動詞后接動詞不定式（短語）和v.-ing形式（短語）的不同含義。 6.過去分詞（短語）作賓補的用法 一 動詞不定式： “to +動詞原形”（有時可不加to）。在句中可作的成分如：主語、表語、賓語、狀語、賓語補足語、定語等。 1。作主語作主語和賓語時，常用it 作為形式主語或形式賓語，真正的主語或賓語為不定式放在句末。 To learn a foreign language is not easy . It is not easy to learn a foreign language . 2.作賓語 跟動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有： hope dicide ask expect agree need mean refuse wish plan，afford choose. I began to study Japanese ten years ago . 3.作表語 Your job is to feed the animsls . 4.作定語不定式與被修飾的詞之間有動賓關系。 I have a lot of work to do . 不定式與被修飾詞之間有主謂關系。 My teacher is always the first to come to school and the last to leave . 不定式與被修飾的詞僅有修飾關系。 I have a good chance to go to Beijing. 5 作狀語。 作目的狀語 He got up early to catch the first bus .不定式與下列短語合起來作目的狀語：in order to +動詞原形，So as to +動詞原形， In order to study English well ，she works very hard . 作原因狀語。 I am glad to meet you . I am sorry to hear that . 作結果狀語 I am too tired to go . 6 作賓補在want ，ask ，tell ，allow ，expect ，invite teach 等動詞后面作賓補,否定形式是not to do sth .。 You are so busy .what do you want me to do for DO OC you ？ 友情提示 1.動詞不定式短語作賓語，后面有賓補時，常常用it 代替不定式，而把不定式放到補語之后。常用it 作形式賓語的動詞有：find, consider，make 等。 I find it difficult to learn English. OC 2.不定式省略to 的情況不定式在感官動詞、使役動詞后面作賓語補足語時，常省去to 。感官動詞有see ，hear ，watch ，notice，feel 等；使役動詞有：let ，make ，have 等。 I saw her go into the classroom.。 I heard someone sing in the next room . 3.動詞不定式放在help 后作賓補時，可帶to 也可省略to 。 I helped him （to）find his lost watch. 即景活用（1）Dont forget_my parents when you are in Beijing. OK ！I wont . A .to see B .sees C .seeing (2)Alice asked me _another bag for her A .get B .got C .to got D .getting （3）Last weekend I went to the library _some books on how to protect environment. A .to borrow B .borrow C .borrowed D .borrowing（4）She was surprised _me last night. A .to see B .see C .saw ACA A 二.v.-ing形式動詞的-ing 形式包括現(xiàn)在分詞和動名詞，可作主語、賓語、表語、賓語補足語、定語、狀語等。（1）作主語 Seeing is believing.（2）作表語 Her job is washing clothes . (3)作賓語作及物動詞的賓語，常見的動詞短語有： enjoy finish mind practice give up keep on put off. Would you mind opening the window ？作介詞或動詞短語的賓語 My sister succeeded in passing the entrance examination . We are thinking of buying a piano. （4）作定語 There is a swimming pool in front of our school . 友情提示有些動詞后用v.-ing 形式與動詞不定式意義大不相同，常見的有： 1.stop doing sth . stop to do sth. They stopped to look at the sky . The baby stopped crying when she saw her mother.。 2.forget /remember doing sth . forget /remember to do sth . The man forget to turn off the light when he left the room . The man remembered turning off the light when he left the room . 3.go on doing sth .繼續(xù)做某件事；go on to do sth .做完一件事，做另一件事 lets go on to do the next problem. After a short while they went on working . 4.try doing sth .（用某一種辦法）試著去做某事；try to do sth .竭盡全力去做某事 Im going to try cooking a paella this evening . We will try to help you out . 即景活用 Stop _a noise in the library .The students are reading books . A .make B .to make C .makes D .making （2）would you mind _me how _English words ？ A .tell ；to remember B .telling ；remember C .telling ；to remember D .tell ；remember（3）Many young men enjoy _the pop music . A .listen B .listening to C .to listen D .listeningB C C 三 .過去分詞在句中可作定語、表語、賓語補足語、狀語；也具有動詞的特征，其后可以跟賓語或悲壯與修飾，構成分詞短語。 1.作狀語一般情況下，單個分詞作定語要放在被修飾的前面，分詞短語作定語則要放在被修飾的后面。 He is a well known English teacher. There is a letter written by Li Ming . 2 作賓語補足語常在see ，hear ，notice ，keep ，find ，get ，have 等動詞后作賓語補足語。 Teenagers are not allowed to get their ears pierced .青少年不允許扎耳洞。 You should have your bike repaired .。 3.作表語 The boy is too frightened to say anything . 友情提示現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補足語，表示與賓語之間為主動關系。過去分詞作賓語補足語，表示與賓語之間為被動關系。 I saw the teacher going into the teachers office He had his hair cut last week . 即景活用 She couldnt _her words _by the students . A .get ；understanding B .get ；understood C .make ；to understand D make， understand（2）It took my daughter two weeks _the novels _by Yang Hongying. A .read ；written B .to read ；written C .reading ；to write D . to read ；wrote BB 疑點難點突破 1.不定式可以和疑問詞who ，which ，what ，when ，how ，where （why 除外）等連用，構成不定式短語在句中作主語、賓語或表語等。 How to control the water pollution is a big problem. S We dont know how to study English well . DO “疑問詞+不定式（短語）”作賓語時，相當于一個賓語從句。 I dont know what to do next time . =I dont know what I should do next time . 2 .不定式作定語時要注意：（1）如果動詞不定式與所修飾名詞或代詞構成動賓關系且不定式為不及物動詞時 ，所修飾的名詞如果是地點、工具等，應有必要的介詞。 He found a good house to live in . The child has nothing to worry about.如果不定式修飾time ，place ，way ，可以省略介詞。 He has no place to live .如果不定式所修飾的名詞是不定式動作的承受著，不定式可用主動也可用被動。 Have you got anything to sent ？ =Have you got anything to be sent ？