第 40講 詞 匯 運 用 詞匯運用類題目的考點主要是考查學生對單詞的拼寫能力、詞形變化和語法知識運用能力以及詞組辨析能力等。試題通常以語篇或句子的形式出現(xiàn)，測試內(nèi)容以實詞為主，虛詞很少。測試題型主要有選詞填空和單詞拼寫等。選詞填空解題應(yīng)注意的事項：先對備選的詞匯的詞性作簡單標記，如：名詞n.，動詞v.，形容詞a.，副詞ad.等。同時對詞義作初步的理解。根據(jù)題意或通讀全文，猜測空格中所缺的信息，注意發(fā)現(xiàn)固定搭配關(guān)系，根據(jù)需要去備選詞匯中尋找匹配的答案。 在填詞過程中要注意詞形的變化。既要符合本句的含義，又要保證句式結(jié)構(gòu)的正確。為了方便記憶，試著記住下面的順口溜：空前空后要注意，“名詞”單復數(shù)要牢記，還有“s”不能棄，“動詞”注意要變形，“形副”注意要用三種級，要填“數(shù)詞”請留意，千萬別忘“基”和“序”，填入“代詞”需慎重，五格變化要謹記。完成填詞后，應(yīng)通讀全文，復核校對。檢查單詞拼寫是否正確，是否有時態(tài)、語態(tài)、習慣用法及詞語選用上的錯誤，以確保答案的正確性。最后把答案填入答卷時，切勿錯位。 【例1】 根據(jù)語篇內(nèi)容，用方框中所給詞的正確形式填空，使短文通順、連貫。方框中有兩個詞為多余項。(2016，山西)I，make，teach，after，large，control，try，leaf，small，quiet，before，withoutAs a child，I got angry quite easily and was not good at communicating with others.I still remember it was an early autumn.Some _1_ started to turn yellow and the weather became cool.One day，as I was getting ready for school，my mother carelessly handed me my fathers vest (背心) instead of _2_At that time，I was getting to have a _3_ size than my father，so when I put on the vest，I felt as if I wasnt able to breathe！I realized that it was a small mistake which _4_ by my mother，but somehow the breathless feeling was so strong that it made me very angry.My mother said sorry with a smile，but I shouted at her _5_ thinking much.I got it off my body so wildly that I made a hole in it.I put on my own vest and rushed out of the house _6_ my mother could stop me. Later，my mother shared her bad feelings with my father，“See what your son has done.” Instead of saying he would scold (責備) or beat me，my father _7_ asked my mother to mend the vest.Later when my mother told me about my fathers response，I felt ashamed (慚愧的) of my bad behavior.My fathers gentle kindness _8_ me a lesson which I would never forget.On that day，I decided not to let anger _9_ me any longer.Of course，there are times when I am angry.However，whenever that happens，I _10_ to remember my fathers vest.It always reminds me to think about others feelings when I get angry. 解析：1.由上文中的an early autumn及常識可知，初秋“葉子”開始變黃，some意為“一些”，其后若接可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用名詞的復數(shù)形式。2由下文中的I put on my own vest and rushed out of the house可知，此處應(yīng)指“我的背心”，空后沒有名詞，應(yīng)使用名詞性物主代詞，結(jié)合選項可知，應(yīng)用I的名詞性物主代詞mine。3由than可知，此處應(yīng)使用比較級；由下文中的I felt as if I wasnt able to breathe(我感覺仿佛我要窒息了)可知，“我”比爸爸的塊頭更大。4由mistake可知，空格處應(yīng)填make的相應(yīng)形式，make a mistake“犯錯誤”，由by my mother及上文的時態(tài)可知，應(yīng)使用一般過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。5thinking much，動詞ing短語作介詞賓語，由句意“媽媽笑著向我道歉 ，但是我沒有多想就朝她吼?！笨芍瑧?yīng)填without。 6由空格前后為兩個句子可知，此處應(yīng)使用連詞，“我穿上自己的背心就沖出了房子”應(yīng)發(fā)生在“媽媽阻止我”之前。7由asked及下文中的My fathers gentle kindness(我爸爸的和善)可知，空格處應(yīng)使用quiet的副詞形式。8teach sb. a lesson“給某人一個教訓”，為固定短語，根據(jù)語篇時態(tài)可知，應(yīng)使用一般過去時態(tài)。9由下文It always reminds me to think about others feelings when I get angry.(當我生氣時它總是提醒我要考慮一下別人的感受。)可知，此處指“我”決定不再讓憤怒“控制”自己。10主語之后缺少謂語動詞，根據(jù)空格后賓語為to remember可知，空格處應(yīng)為跟動詞不定式作賓語的動詞，結(jié)合選項可知，應(yīng)用try的適當形式 ；根據(jù)whenever that happens可知，主句應(yīng)使用一般將來時態(tài)。 答案：1._2. _3. _4. _5_6. _7. _8._9_10. _leaves mine larger was madewithout before quietly taughtcontrol will try 選擇恰當?shù)膯卧~填空。每詞限用一次。(有兩個多余的選項)(2016，青島)exactly，disappeared，hundreds，example，protect，when，longest，of，symbol，wide，northwest，buildThe Great Wall of China is one of the greatest wonders of the world.With a history of more than 2，000 years，some parts of the Great Wall have 1. _It is，however，still a very popular place of interest.It is the 2._ wall ever built.Its from Shanhaiguan on the east coast to Gansu Province in the 3._ of China.It is about 8 meters high.The top is 8 meters 4._ and it gets even wider towards the bottom where it is 15 meters.It is made 5._ stone and brick.The top is hard enough for men on horseback to ride on.The wall was built by hand and it took 6._ of years to finish.disappeared longest northwestwide ofhundreds No one knows 7. _when the building of the Great Wall was started.It is believed that the wall was built to 8._ parts of the country during the Zhou Dynasty.Emperor Qin Shihuang joined the separate walls built by the Qin，Yan and Zhao Kingdoms.The wall was not only for protection in the north，it was also a 9._ of Chinas ancient civilization (文明)Today，many of the visitors go to see the wall.10._ they stand on top of a tower and look down on this wall，they cant help (禁不住) saying “Wow，thats fantastic！”exactly protectsymbol When 單詞拼寫解題應(yīng)注意的事項：要根據(jù)上下文之意，熟練運用所學詞匯。要理解全句，填準詞，因為有時英漢并非一一對應(yīng)。要分析所填單詞充當?shù)木渥映煞?，判斷所填單詞的詞性。要注意英漢語言之間的區(qū)別。對于有多個相同意思的單詞，要選擇最符合英語習慣的那個。要規(guī)范、工整地拼寫出單詞，不要因書寫而丟分。 【例2】 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容及首字母提示填空，使短文意思完整、連貫。(2016，煙臺)Everyone has his dreams of the future.But do you know 1.w_ future really is？I think future is now.That is to say，we 2.m_ treasure (珍惜) every minute and second.There is an old English 3.s_，“Gain time，gain life.”Then what is time？Time is something 4.t_ cant be seen or touched，but we feel it passing by.Time is always with us.We often say “Time is money”，but it is more valuable 5.t_ money，because when money is spent，we can earn it back.But if time is gone 6.a_，it will never return.Thats why we say time is priceless.Grasping the present is grasping the future.As students，we should work hard in 7.o_ to create a bright future of our own.We should 8.m_ the best use of every hour and be the master today.We should do everything as well as 9.p_And never put off what can be done today till tomorrow. Time and tide 10.w_ for no man.If you waste today，you will regret tomorrow. 解析：1.分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格所在句為含有賓語從句的主從復合句，此處缺少引導詞。由句意“但是你知道將來事實上是什么嗎？”可知應(yīng)填what。2句意為“我認為將來就是現(xiàn)在。也就是說，我們必須珍惜每一分、每一秒。”must為情態(tài)動詞，意為“必須”，后接動詞原形。3由下文“Gain time，gain life.”可知，此處填saying“諺語”。句意為“有一句古老的英語諺語：贏得時間，便贏得生命。”4分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格所在句為含有定語從句的主從復合句，先行詞是something，故用關(guān)系代詞that引導定語從句。5由空前的形容詞比較級more valuable可知，此處用連詞than表示比較。句意為“我們經(jīng)常說：時間就是金錢，但是它比金錢更可貴，因為當錢被花掉時，我們能把它掙回來?！?6go away為固定短語，意為“離開”。句意為“但是如果時間流逝了，它就再也不會回來了?！?7in order to為固定短語，意為“為了”。句意為“作為學生，為了創(chuàng)造我們自己的美好未來，我們應(yīng)該努力學習?！?make the best use of為固定短語，意為“充分利用”。句意為“我們應(yīng)該充分利用每一個小時，做今天的主人”。9as.as possible為固定短語，意為“盡可能”。句意為“我們應(yīng)該盡可能做好每一件事”。10wait for為固定搭配，意為“等待”。句子的主語為time and tide，故wait用原形。該句為英語諺語。句意為“歲月無情(時不待人)”。 答案：1. _2. _3. _4._5_6. _7. _8._9_10._what must saying thatthan away order makepossible wait 請用適當?shù)脑~完成下面的短文，并把所缺單詞填寫在指定的位置上。每個空只能填寫一個形式正確、意義相符的單詞。(2016，廣東)Like most Chinese，Mr. Zhang has a traditional family.11._ he and his wife are middle school teachers while their 6yearold son is a pupil.Mr. Zhangs mother lives with them and helps look 12._ the kid.They love one another and live 13._ happy life. Bothaftera Yesterday was Mr. Zhangs mothers birthday.The couple wanted to do something to 14._ their love for her.After a big dinner，Mr. Zhang brought a basin (盆) of warm water and asked his mother to sit in front of the basin.He took off her shoes and put her 15._ into the water.After that，he began to wash them carefully.His wife helped to comb (梳) his mothers hair slowly.Seeing this，the boy 16._ his mothers example.He tried to comb his mothers hair, too.But he was not tall 17._ to do that.So he brought a chair and stood on it.Everyone could feel the warmth and love in the family.18_ we all know，respecting the old and taking care of the young is a good Chinese tradition.We should try 19._ best to care for our family.We must visit our parents as often as possible and 20._ time with them even though we may work far away.Indeed，family is a place for happiness.show/express feetfollowedenoughAs our spend