代詞類單詞、詞組辨析 1. neither of， none of 【辨析】 兩者都可表示“都不”，既可指人也可指物。neither of意為“兩者(任一)都不”，其反義詞組為both of。none of意為“三者或以上(任一)都不”，其反義詞組為all of。 注意：(1)neither， none作主語時，通常被視為單數(shù)，但從意義上講也可視為復(fù)數(shù)。當(dāng)both of， all of作主語時，只能作復(fù)數(shù)。 (2)no one也可表示“三者或三者以上沒有一個”，等于nobody，只能指人，且不能與of連用。no one可用于回答以who提問的特殊疑問句，none則用于回答以how many提問的特殊疑問句?！九e例】 Neither of the cars was/were damaged. 兩部車都沒有受損。 None of them has/have been to Japan. 他們都沒去過日本。(他們至少三個人以上) 【演練】( )1. Do you live by yourself， Mr.Wang？Yes. I have two sons. But _ of them lives with me. They are now studying in America. A. neither B. both C. none D. eitherA ( )2. _ of us is going to play basketball with you this afternoon， because weve got work to do. A. All B. Either C. None D. BothC ( )3. The twins are very hard working. _ of them are top students. A. Neither B. Both C. None D. AllB 2. another, the other, other, others, the others【辨析】 (1)another指不定數(shù)目中的“(三個或以上中的)另一個；又一個”，用來代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞。注意：another+數(shù)詞+時間=數(shù)詞+more+時間。 (2)the other指兩個中的“另一個”， 常與one連用，構(gòu)成“onethe other”短語，意為“一個另一個”；the other還可表示“其余全部的”， 作定語修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。 (3)other泛指“另外的”，后接復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，作定語，不能單獨(dú)使用。如果前面有the，some， my等限定詞時，也可以與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用。 (4)others 泛指“另外的人或物”，但不指其余的人或物的全部，常用在“someothers”搭配中，相當(dāng)于“other復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”。 (5)the others特指某一范圍內(nèi)的“其余全部的人或物”，相當(dāng)于“the other復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞”?！九e例】 This shirt is too large for me. Please show me another. 這件襯衫我穿太大了。請另外拿一件給我看看。(一般商店里不會只有兩件襯衫) In another two weeks (In two more weeks)， itll be finished. 再過兩個星期就可以做完了。 I have two friends. One is a policeman and the other is a teacher. 我有兩個朋友。一個是警察，另一個是教師。 John did better than all the other players in the sport. 在那項運(yùn)動中，約翰比所有別的運(yùn)動員都出色。 I dont know about it. Please ask some other people. 我不知道這件事，請問其他的人。 Some classmates cleaned the windows, others (other classmates)mopped the floor. 一些同學(xué)擦窗戶，另一些(同學(xué))擦地板。 Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others (the other boys)will stay at home. 兩個男孩將去動物園，其余的留在家里。 【演練】( )1. Have you finished your report yet? No, Ill finish it in _ ten minutes.A. another B. other C. more D. less( )2. I dont think the coat is good enough. Can you show me _?A. another B. other C. others D. the otherAA ( )3. There are thirty books on the bookshelf. Five are mine, _ are my fathers.A. others B. the other C. the others D. another( )4. He has two sons. One is in Shanghai, _ is in Beijing.A. another B. the other C. others D. the othersCB 3. one， that， it 【辨析】 三者都可用作代詞，指代前面提到的名詞。 (1)one，that是同類中不同的一個，指代單數(shù)意義的名詞。但one為泛指，相當(dāng)于a/an名詞；that為特指，相當(dāng)于the名詞。 (2)it用于指代上文中出現(xiàn)的同一個單數(shù)意義的名詞，也可表示“時間；距離；天氣”等，還可以用來引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)句。此外，it可以充當(dāng)句子中的形式主語、形式賓語等。 附：one有復(fù)數(shù)形式ones，用以代替復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞。 【舉例】 I have lost my umbrella. I think I must buy one. 我的傘丟了。我想我必須買把新的。(one在該句中表泛指，相當(dāng)于an umbrella) The weather in Nanjing is hotter than that in Beijing. 南京的天氣比北京的更熱。(that=the weather， 但并非指南京的天氣， 而是指北京的天氣) Green apples often taste better than red ones. 綠蘋果往往比紅蘋果好吃。 I have lost my umbrella. Im looking for it. 我的傘丟了。我正在找它。(該句中的it就是指前面的my umbrella，屬于特指) 【演練】( )1. We find _ impossible for us to learn a foreign language well in a short time. A. that B. this C. one D. it( )2. A latest Shenzhen Daily， please！ Only one copy left. Would you like to have _， sir？A. one B. it C. this D. thatDB ( )3. Do you need a new dictionary， Susan？ No， Mom. My uncle bought me _ yesterday. A. one B. it C. the one D. another ( )4. The weather in London is different from _ in Tianshui. A. that B. one C. it D. thoseAA