第十四節(jié) 句子（二） 考 點(diǎn) 精 講 精 練 句子按其結(jié)構(gòu)可分為三類(lèi)：簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句。本節(jié)我們將重點(diǎn)闡述中考最常涉及的復(fù)合句賓語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句。在此之前先了解一下簡(jiǎn)單句和并列句。 一、簡(jiǎn)單句 簡(jiǎn)單句由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)部分和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)部分組成。簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型如下： 二、并列復(fù)合句 由并列連詞連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上獨(dú)立分句的句子叫做并列復(fù)合句，簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)并列句。 三、主從復(fù)合句 由一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的從句組成的句子叫做主從復(fù)合句。中考對(duì)主從復(fù)合句的考查主要為賓語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句。 【考點(diǎn)1】賓語(yǔ)從句()考點(diǎn)精講： 1. 定義:在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)的句子叫做賓語(yǔ)從句。 2. 賓語(yǔ)從句三要素： 【考題再現(xiàn)】( )1. (2016玉林)Excuse me. Could you please tell me _ change some money, please?Of course. Walk along the street to the end and you can find a bank. A. where I can B. where can IC. where I was able to D. where was I able to A ( )2. (2016綏化)I dont know _ he will come or not this afternoon. A. if B. whenC. whetherC ( )3. (2015廣東)David asked _ in China.Of course not. Chinese usually shake hands with a lady as a greeting. A. why he can greet a lady by kissing her B. why he could greet a lady by kissing herC. whether he can greet a lady by kissing her D. whether he could greet a lady by kissing herD ( )4. (2015梅州)Show me the map, please. I wonder _.Look, its here, in the east of China, near Taiwan Province. A. where is Diaoyu IslandB. where Diaoyu Island isC. what is Diaoyu Island likeD. when Diaoyu Island isB ( )5. (2015廣州)Could you tell me _ a moment ago? A. what were they talking aboutB. what are they talking about C. what they were talking aboutD. what they are talking about C ( )6. (2014廣東)Do you know_？8, 844.43 meters. Its a popular place with mountain climbers. A. how high is QomolangmaB. how long is QomolangmaC. how high Qomolangma isD. how long Qomolangma isC 【考點(diǎn)演練】( )7. I dont understand _.Im sorry. But I was doing my homework. A. why you didnt watch the football matchB. why didnt you watch the football match C. why you dont watch the football matchD. why dont you watch the football matchA ( )8. Please tell me _ the scarf?She bought it online, I guess.A. if Alice likedB. when Alice boughtC. where Alice boughtD. how much did Alice pay forC ( )9. Fathers Day is coming. Im thinking about _. A. what present should I give himB. where we had a big mealC. how I will give him a surpriseD. if am I going to plan a party for himC ( )10. I wonder _. Its about an unusual experience of a little girl. A. who wrote the book B. what the book is about C. how I can get the bookD. Where did you buy the bookB ( )11. I am worried about _. Whatever the result is, dont be too hard on yourself. A. how have I prepared for my final examsB. if I can get great grades in the final examsC. that my school team lost the game because of my faultD. why did my school team lose the game B ( )12. Do you know _ the Smiths left Shanghai? Im not sure about the date. I only remember it was a Sunday. A. if B. whyC. how D. whenD 【考點(diǎn)2】狀語(yǔ)從句()考點(diǎn)精講： 1. 定義：在復(fù)合句中修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞等的句子稱(chēng)為狀語(yǔ)從句。 2. 狀語(yǔ)從句分時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、條件、目的、結(jié)果、讓步、比較、方式等幾種類(lèi)型。具體如下： 3. 狀語(yǔ)從句的位置：狀語(yǔ)從句可放在主句之前，用逗號(hào)與其隔開(kāi)，也可放在主句之后。 4. “主將從現(xiàn)”與時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)的情形： 【考題再現(xiàn)】( )1. (2016宜昌)Learning to love is like learn-ing to walk.Yes, _ we step out bravely, well find its not so difficult. A. as if B. even thoughC. as long as D. as far as C ( )2. (2016臨沂)_ American people and British people speak the same language, their cultures are quite different. A. Since B. IfC. Although D. BecauseC ( )3. (2016邵陽(yáng))We _ for a picnic if it _ rain this Sunday. A. will go; doesnt B. will go; wont goC. go; doesnt ( )4. (2016重慶)Dont worry. Bill will help you look after your dog when you _ away on business. A. are B. wereC. will be D. have beenAA ( )5. (2015廣東)Sir, Jenny wants to know when she can leave the office. Only when she _ copying this report. A. finishes B. finishC. finished D. will finishA ( )6. (2014廣東)I wonder whether Brazil will win the match later tonight. Go to bed first. I will wake you up as soon as the match _. A. starts B. startedC. will start D. is startingA 【考點(diǎn)演練】( )7. I want to know if he _ to play bas-ketball with us.I think he will come if he _ free tomorrow. A. comes; is B. comes; will beC. will come; is D. will come; will be C ( )8. I wonder when he _ in Havard University. He will e-mail you as soon as he _ there. A. arrive; will get B. will arrive; getsC. will arrive; will get D. arrive; getsB ( )9. Tina is _ nervous _ she cant say a word. A. such; that B. too; toC. so; that D. enough; to( )10. _ youve tasted it, you cant imagine how delicious the dishes are. A. Because B. AlthoughC. When D. UnlessCD ( )11. I told him the news _ he came back yesterday. A. until B. as soon asC. unless D. sinceB ( )12. Dad, please tell me when Mom _. I miss her very much. She will return when she _ her job done. And she will bring a nice present for you. A. returns; gets B. returns; will get C. will return; gets D. will return; will getC 【考點(diǎn)3】定語(yǔ)從句()考點(diǎn)精講： 1. 定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語(yǔ)從句。 2. 結(jié)構(gòu)：一般為含先行詞的主句關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。 3. 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系詞： (1)關(guān)系代詞：that，which，who(賓格為whom，所有格為whose)，位于先行詞及定語(yǔ)從句之間起聯(lián)系作用，同時(shí)又作定語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等成分。 (2)關(guān)系副詞：where，when，why等。常在從句中作地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間或原因狀語(yǔ)，且往往可以用介詞加which (如in which； on which； for which等)代替。 4. 關(guān)系詞的區(qū)別運(yùn)用： (1)I like teachers who teach in their own ways. 我喜歡那些有自己教學(xué)風(fēng)格的老師。(who作主語(yǔ)，指人，可用that代替，不可省略) (2)He is the man (who) Sarah loves. 他是薩拉愛(ài)的男人。(who作賓語(yǔ)，指人，可用whom或that替換，均可省略) (3) The novel (which) I bought in the bookstore was wonderful. 我在書(shū)店買(mǎi)的那本小說(shuō)很精彩。(which作賓語(yǔ)，指物，可用that替換，均可省略。若作主語(yǔ)則不可省略) (4)Paul knows the boy whose sister died last year. 保羅認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)男孩，(他的)妹妹去年死了。(whose只能作定語(yǔ)，不可省略，在本句中指人，它也可指物) (5)She remembers the wooden house where her grandparents used to live. 她記得她祖父母曾經(jīng)居住過(guò)的木屋子。(where在此作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，不能省略，相當(dāng)于in which) (6)That was the day when little Ivy was born. 那就是小艾薇出生的日子。(when在此作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，不可省略，相當(dāng)于on which) (7)Let me know the reason why youre so upset. 告訴我你如此不安的原因。(why在此作原因狀語(yǔ)，不可省略，相當(dāng)于for which)5. 關(guān)系詞使用的特例關(guān)系詞只能用that而不宜用which的情況： 【考題再現(xiàn)】( )1. (2016龍東)To be a better man is the best soap opera _ I have ever seen. A. that B. whereC. who( )2. (2015廣東)Running man is a very relaxing TV program _ is hot among the young people. A. what B. whichC. who D. whomAB ( )3. (2015廣州)The stories _ were written by Mark Twain are often humorous. A. that B. thoseC. who D. what( )4. (2015梅州)Is there anything _ to you?A. that is belong B. that belongC. that belongs D. which belongsAC ( )5. (2014茂名)Disneyland is a place _ I wish to visit. A. which B. what C. where( )6. (2014廣東)When Robinson Crusoe got to the island， the first thing _ he did was to look for some food. A. who B. that C. which D. whomAB 【考點(diǎn)演練】( )7. Yesterday Wang Xi went to the village _ he lived in his childhood. A. when B. whichC. where D. that ( )8. Being blind is something _ most people cant imagine. A. who B. whatC. that D. whomCC ( )9. Mr. Smith is an excellent teacher _ always gives us lively lessons. A. whose B. whichC. whom D. who( )10. One of the most delicious drinks _ I like is orange juice. A. which B. thatC. whose D. whomDB ( )11. Tony, tell me the result of the discussion _ you had with your dad yesterday. A. what B. whichC. when D. whoB ( )12. Phillip doesnt know _ he and his friends can do to help the little boy _ parents have left their hometown for making money. A. that; whose B. how; whoC. what; who D. what; whoseD