Section Grammar 探究 語法精要 過去分詞作狀語與動詞詞組一、過去分詞作狀語1過去分詞(v.ed)是分詞的一種。及物動詞的過去分詞既表示被動也表示完成；不及物動詞的過去分詞只表完成，不表被動。過去分詞作狀語與句子的主語之間構(gòu)成邏輯上的動賓關(guān)系，且在句子中可表示時間、條件、原因、伴隨、方式等狀語，分別相當于與之對應的狀語從句，但過去分詞作伴隨、方式狀語時，則相當于并列復合句。 2用法(1)v.ed分詞作時間狀語(相當于時間狀語從句)Seen from the hill，the village looks more beautiful.從山上看去，這個村莊更加漂亮了?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換為When it is seen from the hill，the village looks more beautiful. (2)v.ed分詞作原因狀語(相當于原因狀語從句)Confused by the stones flying at them from all sides，the boys ran into the building.男孩們被從四面八方朝他們飛來的石頭弄糊涂了，于是他們跑進了那幢大樓里?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換為Because they were confused by the stones flying at them from all sides，the boys ran into the building. (3)v.ed分詞作條件狀語(相當于條件狀語從句)Given more time and support，we could have done it better.如果當時給我們更多的時間和支持，我們會做得更好?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換為If we were given more time and support，we could have done it better.(4)v.ed分詞作讓步狀語(相當于although/though引導的讓步狀語從句)Attacked many times，the residents in London didnt give in.盡管被攻擊了很多次，但倫敦居民并沒有屈服。可以轉(zhuǎn)換為Although they were attacked many times，the residents in London didnt give in. (5)v.ed分詞作方式或伴隨狀語(相當于方式狀語從句，當表示伴隨時，相當于一個并列句)Followed by his wolf dog，the hunter walked slowly in the forest.獵人在樹林里慢慢行走，狼狗跟在后面?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換為 The hunter walked slowly in the forest and his wolf dog followed him. (6)v.ed分詞作結(jié)果狀語(相當于結(jié)果狀語從句)He failed in the competition，blamed by his companions.他在比賽中失敗了，受到了同伴的責備?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換為He failed in the competition，so that he was blamed by his companions. (7)v.ed分詞作狀語，起補充說明作用(相當于一個并列句)They eventually arrived at the destination，tired and excited.他們最終到了目的地，又累又激動?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換為They eventually arrived at the destination，and they became tired and excited. 注意：(1)在when，once，if，unless，although，though，even though/if，until/till等引導的狀語從句的省略句中，也可用過去分詞，但after，before除外，此兩詞也可為介詞，介詞后面要用動詞的ing作賓語，即需用being done。When seen at the top of the hill，the lake looks more beautiful.When the lake is seen at the top of the hill，the lake looks more beautiful.當從山頂俯瞰時，湖泊更美。 Once finished，the programme will never be changed.Once the programme is finished，the programme will never be changed.一旦完成，這個計劃將永不被改變。Before being permitted to leave school，students need to have some exams.(此處before為介詞)Before they are permitted to leave school，students need to have some exams.在畢業(yè)之前，學生們需要參加一些考試。 (2)若過去分詞作狀語且它的邏輯主語與主句的主語不一致時，就要有自己的邏輯主語，這樣就構(gòu)成了獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。The work done，they were all very tired.當工作被做完時，他們都非常疲勞。All things bought，we started to go home.所有的東西都買了之后，我們就回家了。 二、動詞詞組動詞詞組指的是由動詞副詞；動詞介詞，或由動詞副詞介詞等構(gòu)成的動詞詞組。1動詞副詞這類動詞詞組，有些可以做及物動詞，也有些用做不及物動詞。若為及物動詞，其賓語為代詞時，一定要將代詞置于動詞和副詞之間；若賓語為名詞時，可將其置于動詞與副詞之間，也可置于副詞之后。 不及物動詞詞組：give in屈服break out爆發(fā)go down下降go up上升break down (車等的)壞掉 及物動詞詞組：give up放棄bring up撫養(yǎng)，教育give away出賣，泄漏，捐贈carry out執(zhí)行insist on堅持 A big fire broke out last night in that village.昨天晚上，在那村里突然發(fā)生了一場大火。The old couple are too old to bring up their little grandson.這對老夫婦老得不能再撫養(yǎng)他們的小孫子了。Smoking does harm to his health，but he cant give it up.吸煙有害于他的健康，但他就是戒不掉。 2動詞介詞此類詞組相當于及物動詞，后跟名詞、代詞或動詞ing形式作賓語。come across偶然遇到care for關(guān)心，喜歡deal with處理go over復習result from由造成 When he read the book，he came across many new words.當他讀這本書時遇到了很多生詞。The exam is coming，so the students are busy going over their lessons.考試就要來臨，學生們正忙于復習功課。When we live together，we should care for each other.當我們生活在一起時，我們應該彼此關(guān)心。 3動詞副詞介詞，此類詞組介詞后一定要接賓語。go in for從事，愛好get down to開始認真干look down upon輕視live up to達到look forward to盼望put up with容忍make up for彌補 Lets hurry up，or we would not catch up with the others.我們快點，否則我們會趕不上其他人。I cant put up with him any more.我再也不能忍受他了。We have been looking forward to his coming.我們一直盼望他的到來。 4動詞名詞介詞。此類詞組中，名詞為動詞的賓語，而后面的介詞也要跟賓語。但是當作為動詞賓語的名詞提前時，動詞要用被動語態(tài)，后面形式不變。make use of.利用pay attention to注意make fun of.取笑take advantage of.利用 It is bad manners to make fun of others.取笑別人是不禮貌的。He took on a nurse to take care of his mother.他雇了一個護士來照顧他的媽媽。Good use should be made of our time to work harder.我們應該好好利用時間來更努力地學習。 課時 語法專練 .同義句轉(zhuǎn)換1Because the teacher was satisfied with what the girl had done，he praised her._ _what the girl had done，the teacher praised her.答案：Satisfied with2When she is dressed in that way，she looks more attractive._in that way，she looks more attractive.答案：Dressed 3She wont attend such parties even if she is invited.She wont attend such parties，even if_.答案：invited4He hardly had time to care about his family because he devoted himself to his research work._ _his research work，he hardly had time to care about his family.答案：Devoted to5If I am compared with you，I still have a long way to go._ _you，I still have a long way to go.答案：Compared with .用所給動詞的適當形式填空1_(compare) with the size of the whole earth，the biggest ocean does not seem big at all.答案：Compared2When first_(introduce) to the market，these products enjoyed great success.答案：introduced3Having finished the interview，the manager went to his office，_(follow) by the interviewer.答案：followed 4_(find) her car stolen，she hurried to a policeman for help.答案：Finding5_(drive) by a greater demand for vegetables，farmers have built more greenhouses.答案：Driven .單句改錯1Judged by/from her dresses，she must be from a rich family._答案：JudgedJudging2I will agree to the project，provide that my expenses are paid._答案：provideprovided/providing 3Facing with so many difficulties，he had a hard time those days._答案：FacingFaced或去掉with4The party will be held in the garden，weather permitted._答案：permittedpermitting 謝謝觀看！