定 語 從 句 中考對定語從句的考查主要集中在定語從句的功能、結構和關系詞的用法上，重點考查由that，which，who引導的定語從句。 高頻考向一定語從句的關系詞定語從句在句中作定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞。定語從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關系代詞who，whom，that，which，whose或關系副詞when，where，why等引出。who，whom，that代替的先行詞是指人的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you？他是想見你的那個人嗎？He is the man (who/whom/that) I saw yesterday.他是昨天我看到的那個人。which，that代替的先行詞是指代事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等。如：Mary likes music that/which is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。The coat (that/which) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的外套是藍色的。 whose用來指人或物，在句中只用作定語。如：Please pass me the book whose cover is green.請把封面是綠色的那本書遞給我。關系副詞有when，where，why，它們在句中作狀語。如：Ill never forget the days when we studied together.我永遠忘不了我們一起學習的那些日子。This is the city where my father worked ten years ago.這是我爸十年前工作的城市。 【例1】 The woman _ is singing on the TV show is our English teacher.(2016，成都)Awho Bwhich Cwhose 解析：分析題干可知，本句是含有定語從句的主從復合句?！癬 is singing on the TV show”是定語從句，先行詞the woman指人，且關系代詞代替先行詞在定語從句中作主語，應用who/that引導定語從句。which引導定語從句時先行詞通常指物，whose引導定語從句時在從句中只能作定語。答案：_A 【例2】 Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience _ people cannot get at home.(2016，河南)Athat Bwho Cwhom Dwhat解析：句意為“如果電影院能提供人們在家里不能獲得的電影體驗，電影院可能會有一個更加光明的未來。”由句意及句子結構可判斷，空格處所填內(nèi)容引導定語從句，且在從句中作賓語。that指代人或物，在從句中作主語或賓語；who和whom指代人，who在從句中可作主語，whom作賓語；what不能作關系代詞引導定語從句，由先行詞experience是表示物的名詞可得知正確答案。答案：_A 【例3】 This is the primary school _ I studied three years ago.Awhere Bwhen Cwhat Dwhich解析：先行詞school在定語從句中作studied的地點狀語。答案：_A 高頻考向二關系詞只能用that而不用which的情況當先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。如：This is one of the most exciting football games that I have ever seen.這是我所看過的最激烈的一場足球賽。當先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時。如：The first thing that you could do was to turn off the light.你首先要做的就是關燈。當先行詞為all，everything，nothing，something，anything，little，much，none等不定代詞時(something后也可用which)。如：All that we have to do for our students is to tell them how to speak English in class.我們要為學生做的所有的事情就是告訴他們?nèi)绾卧谡n上說英語。Im going to buy everything that I need.我要去買我所需要的一切東西。 當先行詞前面有only，just，very，any，no等詞修飾時。如：Thats the only thing that we can do now.那是我們現(xiàn)在唯一能做的事情。當先行詞指代的既含有人又含有物時。如：They are talking about things and persons that they remembered.他們正在談論他們所能回憶起來的人或事。 【例4】 This is one of the most interesting cities _ I have ever visited.(2016，蘭州)Awho Bthat Cwhich Dwhere解析：分析題干和選項可知，此題考查定語從句中關系代詞的選擇?！癬 I have ever visited”為定語從句，先行詞cities指事物且關系詞代替先行詞在從句中作visited的賓語；另外，當先行詞被形容詞的最高級修飾時，關系代詞只能用that而不用which。答案：_【例5】 Look at the boy and his dog _ are coming this way.Awho Bwhich Cthat Dwhom解析：先行詞指代的既含有人又含有物時，關系代詞用that。 答案：_BC 高頻考向三關系詞只能用who(whom)而不用that的情況當先行詞為all，any或其合成詞或a few且指人時。如：Anyone who breaks the law will be punished.任何違法的人都會受到懲罰。當先行詞為that，this，those或these且指人時。如：Those who hadnt bought the tickets for the train crowded in the waiting hall.那些還沒買著票的人擠在候車廳里。當先行詞在定語從句中作賓語或表語時，在口語中用who或whom引導均可，但如直接位于介詞后作賓語時，只能用whom。如：The guest (who/whom) Ill first introduce to you is a little girl.我首先要介紹給你們的客人是一位小姑娘。I met a few friends of mine，among whom was my old classmate.我遇見幾 位朋友，其中一位是我的老同學。 【例6】 Success will belong to those _ never say “impossible”Awhom Bwhat Cwho Dwhich解析：先行詞是those，故關系代詞用who。答案：_C