連詞類單詞、詞組辨析 1. and， but， or, so 【辨析】 (1)and意為“和；又”，表示并列關(guān)系，常用來連接表示對等成分的單詞、短語或者句子，表示意思的順延或增補。 (2)but意為“但是”，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，所連接的成分意思相反或相對。 (3)or意為“或者；還是”時，表示選擇關(guān)系；意為“否則”時，表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。另外，在否定句中否定并列成分時，用or代替and。 (4)so意為“因此；所以”，常用來連接兩個簡單句，這兩個簡單句有意思上的因果關(guān)系。 【舉例】 My mother and father have never agreed on this matter. 我父母在這件事情上從未意見一致過。 It is hot in summer here， but it is not cold in winter. 這里夏天熱，但冬天不冷。 He didnt speak anything but Greek. 他只會說希臘語。 Either you or I am to go. 你我之間總有一個人要去。 Hurry up， or youll be late. 快點，否則你會遲到的。 The rain began to fall, so we went home. 天開始下雨了，所以我們就回家了。 【演練】( )1. We must get up at 7：00 tomorrow morning， _ we will be late for the meeting. A. and B. or C. so D. but ( )2. Work hard， _ youll make progress！ A. or B. but C. and D. whileBC ( )3. The old man didnt have enough money, _ he gave two thousand yuan to the charity. A. / B. and C. but D. orC 2. because, because of【辨析】 (1)because 是連詞，后接句子， 是主句的直接原因，常用來回答由why 引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句。此外，because與so 不能連用。 (2)because of 是復(fù)合介詞，后接名詞或代詞，相當(dāng)于名詞詞組。 【舉例】 Why are you in a hurry? 你為什么這么急？ Because I want to catch the first bus. 因為我想要趕第一班車。 He cant come because of illness. 他生病了，所以沒來。 【演練】( )1. _ he is ill, he is not here today.A. So B. Because C. Because of D. Until( )2. The game was put off _ the rain.A. because B. so C. because of D. ifBC 3. if， whether 【辨析】 兩者都可表示“是否”，都可引導(dǎo)賓語從句。if通常不與or not連用，它引導(dǎo)的賓語從句不能移到句首。if還有“如果；假如”之意，此時常用來引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。whether可與or not連用，其引導(dǎo)的賓語從句可以移到句首。whether后面還可以接動詞不定式。 【舉例】 We havent decided if/whether well go to Germany. 我們還沒決定是否去德國。 He asked me whether Id move to New York if I got the job. 他問我如果我得到那份工作是否會搬到紐約。 I dont know whether he will come (or not). 我不知道他是否會來。 Whether he will come (or not) I am not sure. 他會不會來我不確定。 【演練】( )1. She asked _ Ben could repair her lap top. A. if B. weather C. that D. what( )2. The question is _ Janice will leave on time or not. A. weather B. if C. whether D. whyAC ( )3. Would you come along with me _ I go to Nanshan tomorrow？A. whether B. until C. if D. because( )4. Peter, do you know if Tony _ to my party next week?I think he will come if he _ free. A. comes;will be B. will come;is C. comes;is D. will come;will beCB 4. in order to， so that 【辨析】 兩者都可表示“為了”，后面均接目的狀語。但in order to后面接的是動詞不定式，即in order to do， 其否定式為in order not to do。而so that (口語中也作so)后面接的是目的狀語從句，相當(dāng)于in order that。 【舉例】 She practices driving one hour each day in order to get the driving license. 為了拿到駕照，她每天練車一個小時。 Speak clearly so that (in order that)everybody can understand you. 請說清楚一點，這樣每個人都可以聽懂你的話。 【演練】( )1. He has to earn lots of money _ he can buy his children nice food and clothes.A. so that B. such that C. that D. in orderA ( )2. Susan， what are the advantages of MP5 players？Mom， they are smaller and lighter _ they can be carried very easily. A. unless B. in order to C. until D. so that D ( )3. Nancy got up very early in order _ late. A. not to be B. didnt be C. to be D. that A 5. though, although【辨析】 (1)although意為“盡管；雖然”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，相當(dāng)于 though， 只是比though稍微正式些，多用于句首。 (2)though可作副詞，意為“然而”，放在句末或其他位置；though也可用于非正式文體中，較普遍，還可用在倒裝句中。注意：在英語中，如果一個句子里用了although 或 though, 就不能再用but，但可以用yet 或still； 反之，如果用了but, 就不能再用although 和 though。 【舉例】 Young though he is, he is quite experienced. 他雖然年輕，但很有經(jīng)驗。 He said he would come, he didnt though. 他說他要來，結(jié)果他卻沒來。 Although he is in poor health, (yet)he works hard.=He is in poor health, but he works hard. 雖然他身體不好，但他工作仍努力。 【演練】( )1. _ It(it)was so cold, _ he went out without an overcoat.A. Though; but B. Although; / C. /; though D. Although; but( )2. _ they are very tired, they feel happy because theyve finally finished their project.A. So B. Although C. If D. ButBB 6. unless， ifnot 【辨析】 兩者都可以表示“如果不”，引導(dǎo)條件句，很多情況下可以互換。 注意：用ifnot替換unless時，not必須位于從句謂語中，而不能直接與if連用。 【舉例】 We shall go unless it rains/if it doesnt rain. 要是不下雨，我們就去。 Dont come unless I phone you/if I dont phone you. 我不打電話給你，你就不要來。【演練】( )1. _ you go to the supermarket at 7 p.m.， you can buy a lot of cheap food. A. If B. Unless C. Whether D. WhenA ( )2. Can I change the jacket for another one_ it doesnt fit me well？ Of course. A. unless B. if C. that D. though ( )3. Nobody can learn math well_ he works hard at it. A. if B. unless C. though D. howeverBB 7. when， while 【辨析】 兩者都可以表示“當(dāng)時候”，常用在過去進行時的句子中。 (1)when引導(dǎo)的從句謂語動詞既可以是延續(xù)性的，也可以是短暫性的。 (2)while引導(dǎo)的從句謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性的。 【舉例】 They were fighting when the boss came in. 老板進來時他們正在打架。 He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看書時睡著了。 I was drawing when / while my brother was watching TV. 弟弟看電視時我正在畫畫。 【演練】( )1. I was fishing by the lake _ someone called for help. A. when B. while C. as soon as D. since( )2. Dad came into the kitchen _ Mom was cooking. A. until B. but C. when D. if( )3. Jack was drawing a picture _ his dog was lying nearby. A. while B. because C. when D. soACA