專(zhuān)題十特殊句式和主謂一致 一、完全倒裝完全倒裝即把整個(gè)謂語(yǔ)部分放在主語(yǔ)之前。當(dāng)副詞here, there, in, out, up, down, away, back, then, ahead 等位于句首、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be, come, go, follow, run等，而且主語(yǔ)又是名詞時(shí)，用完全倒裝。注意：此類(lèi)倒裝不用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)；若主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，不用倒裝。 倒裝 二、部分倒裝部分倒裝，即只把助動(dòng)詞提到主語(yǔ)前，?？嫉挠幸韵聨追N情況： 1具有否定意義的副詞、連詞或短語(yǔ)nor, never, seldom，hardly, rarely, little, scarcely, by no means, on no condition, no sooner, nowhere等放在句首。 Hardly had I arrived in New York when I called my mother. Nowhere else can you find so beautiful a place in the world. 【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)津】hardlywhen， no soonerthan， scarcelywhen意為“剛就”，hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首時(shí)，前一個(gè)句子用部分倒裝，后一個(gè)句子不倒裝，且主句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 2用于以“only狀語(yǔ)(從句)”開(kāi)頭的句子中。 Only when the war was over could he return his hometown. 3在sothat，suchthat的句子結(jié)構(gòu)中，若so, such與其所修飾的詞置于句首，用部分倒裝。 4as/though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，可將表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞提前，構(gòu)成倒裝。句式為：表語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或動(dòng)詞原形as/though主語(yǔ)其他(though引導(dǎo)的從句也可用正常語(yǔ)序)。 根據(jù)括號(hào)中的漢語(yǔ)提示，用倒裝的適當(dāng)形式完成下面的句子 1Only when Lily walked into the office _ (她意識(shí)到) that she had left the contract at home.(2015天津) 2Only after talking to two students _(我發(fā)現(xiàn)) that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.(2015湖南) 3Not only _(護(hù)士們要求) a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.(want)(2014全國(guó)大綱) 4Only when you can find peace in your heart _(你才會(huì)保持) good relationships with others.(keep)(2014湖南) 5No sooner _(莫言踏上) on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.(step)(2014陜西) 6_(盡管我們非常勞累)，we didnt stop working. 7So well_(中國(guó)表現(xiàn)) in 2009 that the world has agreed that it was the year of China. 8John opened the door.There _ (站著一個(gè)姑娘)he had never seen before.(stand) 【答案】 1.did she realize2.did I discover 3do the nurses want4.will you keep 5had Mo Yan stepped6.Tired as we were 7did China perform8.stood a girl 一、 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型 1強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本構(gòu)成是“It is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分that/who其他部分”，被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分可以是主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)等。 2如果原句中含有“notuntil”，在強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，將主句中的否定詞not連同狀語(yǔ)一起提前。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與祈使句 3強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問(wèn)句只需將is/was提前；特殊疑問(wèn)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是“疑問(wèn)詞is/wasitthat從句”。 4do/does/did強(qiáng)調(diào)句型：do/does/did只能對(duì)謂語(yǔ)進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，且只能用于一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的肯定句中。 【易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)津】判斷一個(gè)句子是否是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，最簡(jiǎn)單的方法是“還原法”，即去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)句句型的特有結(jié)構(gòu)It is/wasthat/who，若去掉這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)后句子仍然成立，就是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，否則，為其他句型。 二、祈使句 1“祈使句and陳述句(一般將來(lái)時(shí))(If，主句)”。 2名詞詞組and陳述句(名詞詞組中通常含有more，another，further，earlier等詞)。 3祈使句破折號(hào)陳述句。 Try some of this juiceperhaps youll like it. 4祈使句or陳述句(Ifnot，主句) 請(qǐng)用合適的詞填空 1Always _(keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly.(2015湖南) 2It was when we were returning home _ I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble.(2015湖南) 3Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century_his musical gift was fully recognized.(2015重慶) 4_(observe)carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.(2014北京) 5. _(Call) me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result.(2014全國(guó)大綱) 6. _(make) what youre doing today is important, because youre trading a day of your life for it.(2014湖南) 7Was it because Jack came late for school _ Mr.Smith got angry？(2014四川) 8Give me a chance, _ Ill give you a wonderful surprise.(2014天津)【答案】1.keep2.that3.that4.Observe5.Call 6Make7.that8.and 當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致，且從句中含be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以省略狀語(yǔ)從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞，這時(shí)從句中會(huì)出現(xiàn)如下結(jié)構(gòu)： 1連詞(though，whether，when)形容詞 Work hard when (you are) young，or youll regret.少壯不努力，老大徒傷悲。狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略現(xiàn)象 2連詞(whether，as if，while)介詞短語(yǔ) He looked everywhere as if(he was)in search of something.他四處張望，好像在找什么東西。 3連詞(when，while)現(xiàn)在分詞 While (I was) walking along the street，I heard my name called.走在街上的時(shí)候，我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人叫我的名字。 4連詞(when，if，even if，unless，once，until，than，as)過(guò)去分詞 The exhibition is more interesting than(it was)expected.那個(gè)展覽比預(yù)料的更有趣。 5連詞(as if，as though)不定式 He opened his lips as if (he were)to speak.他張了張嘴，好像要說(shuō)話。 根據(jù)括號(hào)中的漢語(yǔ)提示，用適當(dāng)?shù)氖÷跃渫瓿上旅娴木渥?1The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police_(不要)(2013課標(biāo)) 2There are some health problems that, _(如果不及時(shí)治療), can become bigger ones later on.(2013浙江) 3_(盡管被打敗) by the opposite team, the players were not discouraged but practiced harder.【答案】1.not to2.when/if not treated in time 3Although beaten 1被every，each，many a，no等限定的單個(gè)主語(yǔ)由and連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，其中，后一個(gè)限定詞可省略。 2主語(yǔ)由“many a/more than one單數(shù)名詞”構(gòu)成時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。主謂一致 3“名詞with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/but/except名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要與第一個(gè)名詞保持一致。 4兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞由and連接表示同一個(gè)人、同一個(gè)物時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 5“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)/the rest/most of名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與of后名詞的數(shù)保持一致。 6由or，nor，eitheror，neithernor，not onlybut (also)連接并列主語(yǔ)時(shí)，通常根據(jù)就近一致原則，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要和與它鄰近的主語(yǔ)的數(shù)保持一致。 7在倒裝句中，謂語(yǔ)通常和其后邊的第一個(gè)名詞保持一致。 8定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式與先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致：one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞關(guān)系代詞動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式；the only one of復(fù)數(shù)名詞關(guān)系代詞動(dòng)詞單數(shù)形式。 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. It is important to remember that success _(be) a sum of small efforts made each day and often _ (take) years of achieve.(2015湖南) 2All we need_(be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.(2014湖南) 3Generally, students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ (be) essential to their development.(2013江蘇) 4The university estimates that living expenses for international students _(be) around $8,450 a year, which is a burden for some of them.(2013湖南) 5All the scientific evidence _ (show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming _ (be) damaging our health.(2012湖南) 6The basketball coach, as well as his team, _(interview) shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.(2012陜西) 7Onethird of the country _ (cover) with trees and the majority of the citizens are black people. 8The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _(save) for other purposes. 9Large amounts of money_ (be) spent on the magnificent building, but the poor were not allowed to have a single room. 10I, who_ (be) your best friend, will surely stand on your side. 【答案】1.is; takes2.is3.is4.are5.shows; is 6was interviewed7.is covered8.were saved 9were10.am