FriendshipUnit 3 Language in use9 Grammar 賓 語 從 句 （ 二 ）定 義 ： 在 句 子 中 起 賓 語 作 用 的 從 句 叫 做 賓 語 從 句 。 (跟 在 謂 語 動(dòng) 詞 后 面 的 一 個(gè) 句 子 叫 做 賓語 從 句 ）賓 語 從 句 的 分 類1. that引 導(dǎo) 的 賓 語 從 句 2.whether / if引 導(dǎo) 的 賓 語 從 句3. 疑 問 詞 引 導(dǎo) 的 賓 語 從 句 1、 if或 whether引 導(dǎo) 賓 語 從 句 時(shí) ， 作 “ 是 否 ” 講 ， 常放 在 ask， see， say， know和 find out等 動(dòng) 詞 （ 組 ） 后面 。 一 般 情 況 下 ， 兩 者 常 可 換 用 ， 在 口 語 中 多 用 if。 如 ：Nobody knows whether / if it will rain tomorrow. 沒 有 人 知 道 明 天 是 否 下 雨 。 2、 if或 whether引 導(dǎo) 賓 語 從 句 時(shí) ， 從 句 應(yīng) 用 陳 述 句 語 序 。 “ Do you know the way to the hospital?” the old woman asked me. （ 合 并 為 賓 語 從 句 ） The old woman asked me if (whether) I knew the way to the hospital. 老 婦 人 問 我 是 否 知 道 去 醫(yī) 院 的 路 。 3、 whether與 if通 常 情 況 下 可 以 互 換 , 但 在 下 列 情 況 下 通常 用 whether而 不 用 if。 從 句 后 有 or not的 情 況 。 如 :The teacher asks me whether I have finished my homework or not.老 師 問 我 是 否 已 經(jīng) 完 成 作 業(yè) 了 。注 意 從 句 前 有 介 詞 的 情 況 。My parents are talking about whether we will go to Hong Kong for travelling.父 母 正 在 討 論 是 否 去 香 港 旅 游 。His father is worried about whether he will lost his work.他 的 父 親 擔(dān) 心 是 否 會(huì) 失 去 工 作 。 從 句 在 句 首 的 情 況 。Whether you like it, I dont mind.你 是 否 喜 歡 , 我 不 介 意。 在 動(dòng) 詞 不 定 式 之 前 只 能 用 whether 。I cant decide whether to stay.我 不 能 決 定 是 否 留 下 。 who, whom, whose, what, when, why, where, which, how等 引 導(dǎo) 的 賓 語 從 句 ， 疑 問 詞 有 詞 匯 意 義 ， 且 在 賓 從中 充 當(dāng) 成 分 ， 不 能 省 略 。Do you know who has won “Red Alert ”game? 你 知 道 誰贏 了 這 一 局 “ 紅 警 ” 游 戲 嗎 ？The book will show you what the best CEOs know. 這本 書 會(huì) 告 訴 你 最 好 的 執(zhí) 行 總 裁 們 了 解 些 什 么 。 中 考 賓 從 的 三 個(gè) 方 面 ：1、 語 序 ， 賓 從 要 用 陳 述 語 序 ；2、 引 導(dǎo) 詞 ， 引 導(dǎo) 詞 有 that, if / whether以 及 who, when, where, what, why等 ；3、 時(shí) 態(tài) ， 通 常 情 況 下 ， 主 句 是 過 去 時(shí) ， 賓 從 要 用 過 去 的 某 種 時(shí) 態(tài) 。 主 句 是 現(xiàn) 在 時(shí) ， 賓 從 時(shí) 態(tài) 隨 句 意 。I said that I was doing my homework.我 說 我 正 在 做 作 業(yè) 。注 意 When did you do the model plane? (特 殊 疑 問 句 )Can you tell me ? (賓 從 )Why were you late for class yesterday? (特 殊 疑 問 句 )Can you tell me ? (賓 從 )How many boys are there in our class? (特 殊 疑 問 句 )I want to know . (賓 從 )How do you go to school every day? (特 殊 疑 問 句 )I dont know . (賓 從 ) when you did the model plane why you were late for class yesterdayhow many boys there are in our classhow you go to school every day 中 考 鏈 接 1. Everyone can play an important part in society. As members, we should try our best to do _. A. what we should do B. what should we do C. how we should do D. how should we do 2. I m not sure _. I ll call to make sure. A. how he will be back B. that he has come back C. why he has come back D. if he has been back. 3. Could you tell me _? A. how many people have been out of hospital B. when is Thanksgiving Day C. which animal does he like best 4. Show me the map, please. I wonder _. Look, it s here, in the east of China, near Taiwan Province. A. where is Diaoyu Island B. where Diaoyu Island is C. what is Diaoyu Island like 5. The math problem is so hard. I really don t know_. A. how to do it B. how to do C. what to do it 6. Excuse me, could you tell me _ to get the post office? Certainly. The No.15 bus. A. which bus I should take B. I should take which bus C. should I take which bus D. which bus should I take 7. Do you know _ Zunyi or not tomorrow? A. whether are they leaving for B. whether they are leaving for C. if they are leaving for D. if are they leaving for8. What about going to the South Lake for a picnic next weekend? OK. But I m not sure _ it will rain. A. why B. where C. when D. whether 9. They wonder _ robots will make humans lose their jobs or not. A. that B. if C. whether10. Do you kow_the girl in blue is? Im not sure. Maybe a teacher. A. whose B. how C. what D. which 1. She wants to know _ (if / who) you will study in America.2. The problem is _ (whether / that) we can catch the bus or not. 3. She says _ (who / that) she will leave a message on the headmasters desk.4. The boy asked the shopkeeper _ (if / when) Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book. Choose the correct words to complete the sentences.ifwhetherthat if 5. Could you tell me _ (what / when) she is looking for? 6. Mr King doesnt know _ (who / when) his son will go back.7. Im waiting for a letter. Do you know _ (what / when) it will arrive? 8. The girl asks _ (where / why) they will take some food to the park. whatwhen whenwhy Exercises 1 I asked her2 I do not remember3 I cannot find out 4 I do not understand 5 I could not decide a)when I should call her.b)why he looks worried.c)if she would like to go with me.d)how long he would be away.e)where I met her for the first time.1. Match the two parts of the sentences. There may be more than one possibility. Jo: Hi, Anna. Did you get the invitation to the end-of-term concert?Anna: Yes, I did. Jo: Could you tell me (1)_ you re going to come?Anna: Yes, I d love to. Jo: That s great. What about Tony? Do you know (2)_ he s coming?Anna: Yes, he s coming. Don t forget, he s in the school band. if/whether2. Complete the conversation with if, what, when, whether, or why. if/whether Jo: So do you know (3)_the band will play at the concert?Anna: Of course! But I don t know (4)_ they will play? Jo: I think they ll play first.Anna: Do you know (5)_ Tony has written a new song for the concert? Jo: Yes, he told me that he had, but I think it s a surprise.Anna: I ve heard that Arthur isn t going to play the piano at the concert. Do you know (6)_? Jo: Yes. He s broken his arm.Anna: Oh, dear, that s terrible!what whenwhyif/whether 1I do not remember who _.2I do not understand why _.3 I cannot decide where_.4 I want to know when _.5 I asked him whether _ _. he ishe is not playing todayto put thisthe basketball match startsthe teacher was coming today or not3. Complete the sentences so that they are true for you. A: Good morning. This is 23456789. (1)_B: Hello. May I speak to Jack?A: Jack?(2)_B: Oh, sorry.A: Thats OK. baa) I m afraid you have the wrong number.b) Can I help you? c) I ll call back later.d) Jack isn t here right now. e) Who s calling, please?4. Complete the conversations with the sentences in the box. B: Hello. May I speak to Jack, please?C: (3)_B: It s Sally.C: Just hold the line, please. (A moment later.) Sorry, (4)_ Can I take a message?B: No, thanks. (5)_e dc Now work in pairs. Act out the conversations.hold te line“ 等 一 下 ， 不 掛 斷 電 話 ”也 可 以 說 ： hold on. include lonely suggestion trust worriedA: Why are you so (1)_?B: Im new here and the students in my class dont (2)_ me. I feel so (3)_. Can you help me?A: I see. It takes some time before they (4)_ new students in their circle of friends. My (5)_ is: keep trying to make friends.B: OK. Ill try. worriedtrust lonely5. Complete the conversation with the words in the box.includesuggestion circle of friends follow treasure stay in touch When my grandmother died, I felt my heart break. Many dark days (1)_, and I missed her so much. She was full of love for everyone in the family and every piece of advice she gave me was a (2)_. She had a wide (3)_ and they often came to see her. She (4)_ with them until her last days.followed6. Complete the passage with the correct form of the word and expressions in the box. treasurecircle of friendsstayed in touchbe full of = be filled with“ 充 滿 ； 裝 滿 ” not.until.“ 直 到 .才 .” a) My best friend has found a new best friend.b) My long-lasting friendship with someone is coming to an end.c) I have moved to a new school and Im lonely.d) My best friends parents dont like me. 7. Listen and choose the problems the speaker describes. a) Talk about your feelings.b) Try to spend some time with your friend. Do something that is special to both of you.c) Forget about your friend. Nothing stays the same all the time.1238. Now listen and number the pieces of advice in the order you hear them.