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1、Unit 3 Science and nature Grammar and usage To find out how verb-ed forms are used as adjectivesTo learn that the verb-ed form can be functioned as the attributive, predicative and object complementTo learn how to use the verb-ed form and verb-ed phrases in different situation 非謂語動詞動名詞分 詞不定式現(xiàn)在分詞過去分詞

2、 Observe the sentences from this unit.1. If I had the chance, I would have a cloned baby.2. I think the scientific advances mentioned in your article are interesting.3. My grandfather was delighted to hear I had passed my exams.4. After the accident, they found the front windows broken. 5. She lay t

3、rapped under the building for three days.6. Asked why he was against cloning humans, the scientist explained that it might lead to disaster.7. Shocked by the article, the woman wrote a letter to the newspaper.8. Treated with electricity, the cell tissue will divide into several parts. 基 本 形 式 和 意 義過

4、 去 分 詞 是 非 謂 語 動 詞 的 一 種 ， 在 句子 中 不 能 單 獨 作 謂 語 。 過 去 分 詞 兼 有動 詞 、 副 詞 和 形 容 詞 的 特 征 ， 可 以 帶補(bǔ) 語 或 受 狀 語 修 飾 。 過 去 分 詞 和 補(bǔ) 語或 狀 語 一 起 構(gòu) 成 過 去 分 詞 短 語 。 過 去分 詞 的 基 本 形 式 是 “ 動 詞 + -ed”， 但也 有 不 規(guī) 則 的 形 式 。The Past Participle Verb-ed form 再 根 據(jù) The Olympic Games 對 于 動 詞 play 來 說 只 能 是 被 動 承 受 , 且 已 完成 (

5、in 776 B. C.)。 因 此 , 該 題 應(yīng) 選 C。 2. Whats the language _ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 簡 析 : 該 題 應(yīng) 選 B。 測 試 過 去 分 詞 作 后置 定 語 表 達(dá) 被 動 , 等 于 定 語 從 句 which is spoken。 3. Most of the artists _ to the party were from South Africa. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. ha

6、d been invited簡 析 : 該 題 應(yīng) 選 A。 測 試 過 去 分 詞 作 后 置定 語 表 達(dá) 被 動 , 等 于 定 語 從 句 who were invited。 4. The computer centre, _ last year, is very popular among the students in this school. A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened 簡 析 : 該 題 應(yīng) 選 D。 測 試 過 去 分 詞 短 語 作定 語 放 在 所 修 飾 的 名 詞 后 , 可 以 用 非 限制 性 定 語

7、 從 句 “ which was opened last year”代 替 。 5. The first textbooks _ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written 簡 析 : 該 題 應(yīng) 選 D。 測 試 過 去 分 詞 作 后置 定 語 表 達(dá) 被 動 , 等 于 定 語 從 句 thatwere written。 Past Participle as _

8、Example: But he became inspired when he thought about helping ordinary people. The little boy was very excited when he heard that he could go to the party. the Predicative 1. 過 去 分 詞 作 表 語 ， 表 示 主 語 的 特 點 或 所 處 的 狀 態(tài) ， 其 前 的 系 動 詞 有 包 括 be 在 內(nèi) 的 多 種 形 式 。 Everyone present was very inspired at his sp

9、eech聽 了 他 的 發(fā) 言 ， 在 場 的 所 有 人 都 很 振 奮 。You seem frightened.你 似 乎 受 了 驚 嚇 。 過 去 分 詞 作 表 語 ， 強(qiáng) 調(diào) 主 語 的 特 點 或 所 處 的 狀 態(tài) ； 而 被 動 語 態(tài) 中 ， 主 語 是 動 詞 所 表 示 動 作 的 承 受 者 。 This shop is now closed 這 家 商 店 現(xiàn) 在 已 經(jīng) 關(guān) 門 了 。 (狀 態(tài) ) This shop is closed at 6 pm every day 這 家 商 店 每 天 下 午 6點 關(guān) 門 。 (動 作 ) 2. 過 去 分 詞 作

10、 表 語 ， 構(gòu) 成 的 系 表 結(jié) 構(gòu) 與 被 動 語 態(tài) 的 區(qū) 別 ： 過 去 分 詞 作 表 語 一 般 用 來 表 示 感 受 或 狀態(tài) （ 系 動 詞 +過 去 分 詞 ) No wonder he is excited! (predicative) 可 以 用 作 表 語 的 常 見 的 過 去 分 詞 有 ：delighted, disappointed, upset, astonished, excited, frightened, experienced, interested, qualified, puzzled, exhausted, satisfied Past P

11、articiple as _Example: After the robbery, they found the front windows broken.(S=subject, P=predicate, O=object, Adv=adverbial) POAdv SObject ComplementObject Complement 什 么 是 賓 語 補(bǔ) 足 語 ？英 語 中 有 些 及 物 動 詞 ， 除 有 一 個 直 接賓 語 以 外 ， 還 要 有 一 個 賓 語 補(bǔ) 足 語 ，才 能 使 句 子 的 意 義 完 整 。 這 類 常 用 的及 物 動 詞 有 ： make, co

12、nsider, cause, see, find, call, get, have, let etc. We think him _.What he said made me _.We consider the answer _.Everyone calls him _.clever angrycorrectTomChoose the correct words to complete the sentences below. 賓 語 補(bǔ) 足 語 的 表 現(xiàn) 形 式 ：帶 有 賓 語 補(bǔ) 足 語 的 一 般 結(jié) 構(gòu) 為 ：+ 直 接 賓 語（ 名 詞 或代 詞 ） + 賓 語 補(bǔ) 足語某 些

13、及 物 動 詞（ 如 make） 賓 語 補(bǔ) 足 語 的 10種 表 示 法 ：1. His father named him Jianguo. 2. They painted their house white.3. You mustnt force him to lend his money to you.4. Nobody noticed him enter the room.5. We saw her entering the room. (名 詞 )(形 容 詞 )(不 定 式 )(不 定 式 短 語 )(現(xiàn) 在 分 詞 或 其 短 語 ) 6. We must get the wo

14、rk finished by 10 oclock.7. We take English as a useful tool for research work.8. Whenever you may go, you will find him at work.9. Let the fresh air in.10. The plant has its own name. You cannot call it what you will. (過 去 分 詞 )(用 as引 出 )(介 詞 短 語 )(副 詞 ) (從 句 ) 作 賓 語 補(bǔ) 足 語 的 過 去 分 詞 一 般 來 自 及物 動 詞

15、, 表 示 被 動 和 完 成 意 義 , 說 明 賓語 所 處 的 狀 態(tài) , 一 般 跟 它 前 面 的 賓 語 在邏 輯 上 構(gòu) 成 主 謂 關(guān) 系 , 表 被 動 , 其 結(jié) 構(gòu)形 式 為 : 主 語 謂 語 動 詞 賓 語 過 去 分 詞 1. 過 去 分 詞 用 在 表 示 狀 態(tài) 的 動 詞 keep, leave等 的 后 面 。1 They kept the door locked for a long time. 2 Dont leave the windows broken like this all the time. 2. 過 去 分 詞 用 在 使 役 動 詞 ha

16、ve, make的 后 面 。A 注 意 “ have+賓 語 +過 去 分 詞 ” 的 兩 種 用 法：表 示 讓 某 人 做 某 事 如 ： 1 I have had my bike repaired. 2 The villagers had many trees planted just then. 1 My elder sister had her wallet stolen on a bus last month.2 The old man had his wrist broken in the accident. 表 示 “ 遭 遇 到 某 種 不 幸 ； 受 到 打 擊 ” 等

17、。 B “ make+賓 語 +過 去 分 詞 ” ,在 這 種 結(jié) 構(gòu) 中 ， 過 去 分 詞 的 動 詞 必 須 是 表 示 結(jié) 果 含 義 的 。1 I raised my voice to make myself heard.2 They managed to make themselves understood using very simple English. 3. 過 去 分 詞 用 在 感 官 動 詞 watch, notice, see, hear, listen to, feel, find等 的 后 面 。 當(dāng) 我 們 到 學(xué) 校 時 ， 我 們 看 見 門 鎖 著 。

18、When we got to the school, we saw the door locked.He found his house broken into when he got back home.回 到 家 他 發(fā) 現(xiàn) 家 被 盜 。 4. 過 去 分 詞 用 在 want, wish, like, expect, order等 表 示 “ 希 望 ， 愿 望 ， 命 令 ” 這 一類 動 詞 的 后 面 作 賓 語 補(bǔ) 足 語 。The teacher wouldnt like the problem discussed at the moment.老 師 不 想 此 刻 討 論

19、這 個 問 題 。I want the suit made to his own measure.我 想 要 這 套 衣 服 照 他 自 己 的 尺 寸 做 。 5. 過 去 分 詞 用 在 “ with+賓 語 +賓 補(bǔ) ” 這 一結(jié) 構(gòu) 中 ， 過 去 分 詞 與 賓 語 之 間 是 動 賓 關(guān) 系 。With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building, his house looks like a beautiful garden.周 圍 種 了 許 多 色 彩 鮮 艷 的 花 ， 他 的 房 子 看上 去 就

20、像 一 座 漂 亮 的 花 園 。 過 去 分 詞 作 狀 語 , 表 示 被 動 的 動 作或 動 作 已 經(jīng) 完 成 。 過 去 分 詞 通 常 可作 : 原 因 狀 語 、 時 間 狀 語 、 條 件 狀語 、 讓 步 狀 語 、 伴 隨 狀 語 等 。 通 常過 去 分 詞 的 邏 輯 主 語 與 句 子 主 語 一致 。Past participle as the Adverbial When it is seen from the hill, the park looks very beautiful.Seen from the hill時 間 狀 語 可 在 過 去 分 詞 前

21、加 上 連 詞 when, while, until等 。Dont speak until you are spoken to.Dont speak until spoken to.1. 時 間 狀 語 2. 原 因 狀 語Because the boy was greatly touched by his teachers words, he did a lot of things to help his classmates.Greatly touched by the teachers wordsAs he was surprised at what happened, Tom didn

22、t know what to do.Surprised at what happened 3. 條 件 狀 語If we were given more time, we could do it much better.Given more timeIf it is heated to a high temperature, water will change into vapor.Heated to a high temperature 4. 讓 步 狀 語Though they had been warned of the storm, the farmers were still wor

23、king in the fields.Though warned of the stormEven if Im invited, I wont take part in the party.Even if invited 5. 方 式 、 伴 隨 狀 語The teacher entered the classroom, and he was followed by a group of students.The teacher entered the classroom followed by a group of students.The teacher stood there and w

24、as surrounded by the students.The teacher stood there, surrounded by the students. 前 面 我 們 說 過 過 去 分 詞 作 狀 語 時 ， 其邏 輯 主 語 與 整 個 句 子 的 主 語 通 常 是 一致 的 。 還 有 一 種 情 況 是 分 詞 作 狀 語 時 ,其 邏 輯 主 語 與 整 個 句 子 的 主 語 不 一 致 ,這 時 需 要 獨 立 主 格 結(jié) 構(gòu) 或 with 復(fù) 合結(jié) 構(gòu) 來 替 代 。 (此 時 , 也 可 把 該 分 詞 看成 介 詞 的 賓 語 補(bǔ) 足 語 。 ) 例 : T

25、he murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied 簡 析 : 很 顯 然 , 待 選 部 分 的 邏 輯 主 語 是 his hands, 而 不 是 句 子 的 主 語 The murderer,而 his hands 對 于 動 詞 tie來 說 , 只 能 是 被動 承 受 。 因 此 , 該 題 應(yīng) 選 D。 Exercises: (page 49)disappointed 2. puzzled3. excite

26、d4. interested 5. bored Answers to Part A: Answers to Part B:2. The problems created by cloning will soon be clear. 3. We dont want beasts produced by scientists to replace us one day.4. The technology used is amazing.5. The only thing needed is a cell from your old pet. Exercises: (Page 51)2. Encou

27、raged by her teachers, Rose did well at school. 3. Inspired by his grandfather, the child wrote more poems.4. Bored with the game, the dog will not play it any more.Answers to Part A Answers to Part B1. tired2. burnt 3. bored4. disappointing5. pleased6. challenging7. relaxed Exercises 1. _ is a good

28、 exercise for both the young and the old. A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D. Walk2. When and where to build the new power station _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decidedB A 3. When I handed the report to John, he said that George was the person _. A. to s

29、end B. for sending it C. to send it to D. for sending it to 4. Our father often told us in the past that _is believing. A. to see B. seeing C. see D. to be seenC B 5. She pretended _the letter I wrote the day before yesterday.A. not to receive B. having not received C. not to hear from D. not receiv

30、ing6. There was a terrible noise _the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followedDB 7. She reached the top of the hill and stopped _ on a rock by the side of the path.A. to have rested B. resting C. to rest D. rest8. People couldnt help _the funny villager.A.

31、laugh at B. to laugh at C. laughing at D. laughing onC C 9. I cant help _the house because Im busy making a cake.A. to clean B. cleaning C. cleaned D. being cleaned10. They knew her very well. They had seen her_ up from childhood.A. grow B. grew C. was growing D. to growAA 11. The first textbooks _

32、for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century. A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written12. Believe it or not, he was seen _ upstairs just now.A. to go B. to going C. having gone D. go DA 13. It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night.A. to burn

33、B. burn C. burning D. burned14. The salesman scolded the girl caught _ and let her off.A. to have stolen B. to be stealing C. to steal D. stealingC D 15. He was disappointed to find his suggestion_.A. turning down B. turned down C. to be turned down D. to turn down16. To master a foreign language, _

34、.A. a lot of practice is neededB. it needs a lot of practiceC. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practiceBD 17. The murderer was brought in, with his hands _ behind his back. A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied18. Tom kept quiet about the accident _lose his job.A. not in or

35、der to B. so as not to C. in order to not D. not so as to DB 19. The secretary worked late into the night, _ a long speech for the president.A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing20. _more attention, the work would have been done better.A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having givenB

36、A 21. _a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter.A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received22. Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A. to invent B. having invented C. to have invented D. inventingC C 23. The squirrel was lucky that it j

37、ust missed _.A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch24. Little Jim should love _ to the theatre this evening.A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. takingC A 高 考 鏈 接1.In the early 20th century, the school keeps on inspiring childrens love of art. A. To found B. Founding C. Found

38、ed D. Having founded 【2013安徽】【 答 案 】 C【 解 析 】 考 查 非 謂 語 動 詞 。 句 子 主 語 the school與 found之 間 為 被 動 關(guān) 系 ， 故 此 處使 用 過 去 分 詞 founded表 被 動 并 表 完 成 動 作 。 2. There are some health problems that, when _ in time, can become bigger ones later on.A.not treated B. not being treated C. not to be treated D. not ha

39、ve been treated 【2013浙江】【答案】A【 解 析 】 考 查 非 謂 語 動 詞 及 狀 語 從 句 的 省 略 。連 詞 when之 后 為 狀 語 從 句 的 省 略 ， 非 謂 語 動詞 treat的 邏 輯 主 語 即 為 主 句 主 語 health problems，判 斷 它 們 之 間 的 關(guān) 系 為 被 動 關(guān) 系 ， 即 用 過 去 分詞 即 可 。 而 being done意 為 “ 正 在 被 ” ；to be done“ 將 被 ” 。 3. In some languages,100 words make up half of all words

40、 in daily conversations.A. using B. to use C. having used D. used 【2013天津】【 答 案 】 D【 解 析 】 考 查 非 謂 語 動 詞 。 非 謂 語 動 詞use在 句 中 作 words的 后 置 定 語 ， 與 其 存 在 被 動 關(guān) 系 ， 故 使 用 過 去 分 詞 used， 答案 為 D。 4. The witnesses by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight. A. questioned B. being

41、questioned C. to be questioned D. having questioned 【2013陜西】【答案】A【 解 析 】 考 查 非 謂 語 動 詞 。 首 先 判 斷 此 處 需 要 一 個 非謂 語 動 詞 作 witnesses的 后 置 定 語 ； 且 判 斷 動 詞 question與 witnesses間 為 被 動 關(guān) 系 ； 根 據(jù) 非 謂 語 動 詞 短 語 中 標(biāo)志 詞 just now可 知 動 作 question已 經(jīng) 完 成 。 故 可 選 A。 區(qū)別 ： done作 后 置 定 語 意 為 “ 已 被 的 ” ； being done作后

42、置 定 語 意 為 “ 正 被 的 ” ； to be done作 后 置 定 語 意為 “ 將 被 的 ” 。 5.If _ to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.A.asked B. to askC. asking D. having asked 【2013江西】【答案】A【 解 析 】 考 查 非 謂 語 動 詞 及 狀 語 從 句 的 省 略。 狀 語 從 句 連 詞 if之 后 省 去 了 從 句 的 主 語 ，即 主 句 的 主 語 ； 而 主 句 為 祈 使 句 ， 默 認(rèn) 主 語為 y

43、ou； 主 語 you與 動 詞 ask之 間 為 被 動 關(guān) 系， 故 使 用 過 去 分 詞 。 答 案 選 A。 6. When _ for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding. (2012安 徽 ) A. asking B. asked C. having asked D. to be asked7. Film has a much shorter history, especially when _ such art forms as musi

44、c and painting. (2012全 國 ) A. having compared to B. comparing to C. compare to D. compared to 高 考 鏈 接 8. Time, _ correctly, is money in the bank. (2012湖 南 ) A. to use B. used C. using D. use9. Before driving into the city, you are required to get your car _. (2012四川 ) A. washed B. wash C. washing D.

45、 to wash 10. _ with care, one tin will last for six weeks. (2012北 京 ) A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use11. After completing and signing it, please return the form to us in the envelope _. (2012山 東 ) A. providing B. provided C. having provided D. provide 12. “Its such a nice place,” Mother said as sh

46、e sat at the table _ for customers. (2012浙 江 ) A. to be reserved B. having reserved C. reserving D. reserved13. The island, _ to the mainland by a bridge, is easy to go to. (2011全國 II) A. joining B. to join C. joined D. having joined 14. _ into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely dif

47、ferent word order. (2011天 津 ) A. Translating B. Translated C. To translate D. Having translated15. _ in 1955, Disneyland in California is regarded by many as the original fun park. (2011上 海 春 ) A. Opened B. Having opened C. Opening D. Being opened 16. Tsinghua University, _ in 1911, is home to a gre

48、at number of outstanding figures. (2011福 建 ) A. found B. founding C. founded D. to be founded17. Even the best writers sometimes find themselves _ for words. (2011浙 江 ) A. lose B. lost C. to lose D. having lost 18. _ an important role in a new movie, Andy has a chance to become famous. (2011四 川 ) A.

49、 Offer B. Offering C. Offered D. To offer19. Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself _ of his own dreams. (2011重 慶 ) A. reminding B. to remind C. reminded D. remind 20. Claire had her luggage _ an hour before her plane left. (2011陜西 ) A. check B. checking C. to check D. c

50、hecked 1. What he had said made me _ (surprise)2. My glasses are broken. Ill have to get them _. (repair)3. I dont want any bad words _ (say) about him behind his back.4. Please get the work _ (do) as soon as possible.5. Ill have the materials _ (send) to you next Monday morning.用 所 給 單 詞 的 正 確 形 式

51、填 空 。 surprisedrepaired said done sent 6. She wont have her long and beautiful hair _ (cut) short.7. You should make your voice _ (hear) when you give a speech.8. I want you to keep me _ (inform) of how things are going with you.9. The price is fine with me. How would you like it _ (pay)?10. At last I succeeded in making myself _ (understand).cut heard informed paid understood Revise what we learned in this class and prepare for the task. Homework: