走向高考 · 英語(yǔ),路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索,人教版(課標(biāo)卷地區(qū)) · 高考總復(fù)習(xí),Unit 1 A land of diversity,選修八,第一部分 基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)聚焦,.單詞速記 A識(shí)記單詞 1_ (n.) 手段；方法 2_ (n.) (人口、貿(mào)易的)繁榮 (vi.) 處于經(jīng)濟(jì)迅速發(fā)展時(shí)期 3_ (n.) 海關(guān)；關(guān)稅；進(jìn)口稅 4_ (vi.) 發(fā)生；出現(xiàn) 5_ (vt.) 指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示 6_ (n.) 行李,means boom customs occur indicate luggage,7_ (vi.) 滑動(dòng)；滑行；滑跤 (n.) 滑動(dòng)；滑倒 8_ (vt. & n) 租用；雇用 9_ (adv.) 無處；到處都無 10_ (vt. & vi.) 改革；革新 (n.) 改革；改造；改良 11_ (vt. & n) 抓?。蛔ゾo；掌握；領(lǐng)會(huì),slip hire nowhere reform grasp,B聯(lián)想串記 12_ (adj.)清晰的；明顯的；明確的 _ (n.)差別；區(qū)分；卓著 13_ (n.)大多數(shù)；大半 _ (n.)少數(shù) 14_ (vt.)選擇；決定做某事；選舉某人 _ (n.)選舉,distinct distinction majority minority elect election,15_ (n.)申請(qǐng)人 _ (vi.)申請(qǐng) _ (n.)申請(qǐng)書；申請(qǐng) 16_ (adj.)顯而易見的；顯然的；表面上的 _ (adv.)顯然地；顯而易見地,applicant apply application apparent apparently,.短語(yǔ)互譯 1繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存 _ 2用方法；借助 _ 3習(xí)慣于新的生活方式、工作等 _ 4堅(jiān)持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等) _ 5背靠背 _,live on by means of. make a life keep up back to back,6team up with _ 7mark out _ 8take in _ 9a great/good many _ 10apply for _,與合作或一起工作 用線畫出范圍；標(biāo)出界線 包括；吸收 許多；很多 申請(qǐng)；請(qǐng)示得到,.典句析練 1It is likely that. 很可能 However, _ (很可能) Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 【仿寫】很可能今晚她會(huì)給我打電話。 _. 2why引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句，表示“的原因” _(那就是為什么) today over 40% of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 【仿寫】這就是她最終改變想法的原因。 _.,3過去分詞作原因狀語(yǔ) People from different parts of the world, _ (被吸引) the climate and the lifestyle, still immigrate to California. 【仿寫】因?yàn)楹ε吕匣ⅲ桓覇为?dú)睡覺。 _， he didn't dare to sleep alone.,4It作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句 _ (人們認(rèn)為) before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures. 【仿寫】人們認(rèn)為地球正變得越來越暖和。 _ the Earth is becoming warmer and warmer.,答案：1.it is likely that；It is likely that she'll ring me tonight. 2That is why; This is why she changed her mind at last. 3attracted by；Frightened by the tiger 4It is believed that；It is thought/believed that,.課文縮寫語(yǔ)法填空 California is the third largest state in the USA with the most developed economy. 15,000 years ago, the first _1_(settle) crossed the Bering Strait from Asia and arrived in California. The Native Americans suffered greatly after the _2_(arrive) of Europeans in the 16th century. In the 18th century，California _3_(rule) by Spain until 1821 when the people of Mexico gained their _4_(depend) from Spain. California then became part of Mexico. But _5_ the American­Mexican war in 1846，California was given back to the USA,In 1848, in California Gold was discovered，_6_ attracted people from all over the world to arrive there to achieve their dreams of _7_(become) rich. In 1850，California became _8_ 31st state of the USA as a multicultural society. _9_(attract) by the climate and lifestyle，more and more people from different parts of the world have been immigrating to California，_10_(include) Asians, Africans, Americans and Europeans. 答案：1.settlers 2.arrival 3.was ruled 4.independence 5after 6.which 7.becoming 8.the 9.Attracted 10.including,1.means n手段；方法,Television is _ _ _ of communication. 電視是一種有效的通信手段。 The water can be carried _ _ _ a pipe. 水可以用管子輸送。,The bicycle he rode was not _ _ _ the kind modern cyclists would want to be seen riding on. 他騎的自行車是現(xiàn)代騎自行車的人絕不愿意被人看到的那種車。 I've tried very hard to improve my English. But _ _ _ are my parents satisfied with my progress. 為了提高英語(yǔ)水平，我已盡力了。但父母對(duì)我的進(jìn)步一點(diǎn)也不滿意。,巧學(xué)助記 means表示“方式，方法”時(shí)，單復(fù)數(shù)同形，當(dāng)means作主語(yǔ)且有every, each等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；當(dāng)由some, several, few, many 等修飾時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 答案：an effective means by means of by any means by no means,2majority n大多數(shù)；大半 教材原句Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives.(P2) 在首批移居加州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他們的職責(zé)是向原居住人民傳授天主教。,At the meeting, young people _ _ _ _. 在會(huì)上，年輕人占大多數(shù)。 _ _ _ people voted for him in the election. 大多數(shù)人在選舉中投了他的票。 What subject did you _ _when you were in university? 你在大學(xué)主修的科目是什么？,名師點(diǎn)撥 當(dāng)a/the majority of.作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)與of后的名詞保持一致。 當(dāng)the majority單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單復(fù)數(shù)都可以。 答案：were in a/the majority The majority of major in,3occur vi.發(fā)生；出現(xiàn) 教材原句Yes. It didn't occur to me that.(P5)是的，我沒想到,I was going along the street looking for a place to park when _ _ _. 我正在街道上找地方停車的時(shí)候，事故發(fā)生了。 His name just did not _ _ my memory. 我就是想不起來他的名字。 It had never _ _ _ _ he might be falling in love with her. 他從未想過自己會(huì)愛上她。,名師點(diǎn)撥 occur常與介詞to搭配，相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞happen，不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 答案：the accident occurred occur to occurred to him that,4indicate vt.指出；標(biāo)示；表明；暗示 教材原句Try to use the expressions above to indicate that you are listening carefully to your partner.(P7) 試著用上面的表達(dá)表明你在認(rèn)真聽同伴的講述。,I asked him where the new school was and he _ the road ahead. 我問他新學(xué)校在哪里，他指給我前面那條路。 His attitude _ that he is not very happy with what you are doing. 他的態(tài)度暗示他對(duì)你的所作所為很不高興。 答案：indicated indicates,1.live on(P1)繼續(xù)存在；繼續(xù)生存；靠生活 After the earthquake, the old couple _ _ with their grandsons. 地震后，這對(duì)老夫婦和他們的孫子繼續(xù)活下去。 The minority in the primitive forest used to _ _ a diet of wild animals. 原始森林里的少數(shù)民族過去以野獸作為主食。,名師點(diǎn)撥 在“l(fā)ive on”詞組中，on為副詞，意為“繼續(xù)生存下去”，在“l(fā)ive on sth.”詞組中，on為介詞，意為“靠生活”。 答案：live on live on,2keep up保持；維持；沿襲(風(fēng)俗、傳統(tǒng)等) 教材原句.which today still keeps_up their Danish culture.(P2) 今天它仍然沿襲著丹麥文化。 觀察句子，寫出黑體部分的含義 Many people keep up this old tradition.( ) The wet weather will keep up for three days.( ) The high cost of building materials keeps the house price up.( ),The help of her friends kept her up.( ) We have to work hard to keep up with these excellent students. 為了跟上這些優(yōu)秀學(xué)生，我們得努力學(xué)習(xí)。 答案：沿襲 維持 居高不下 使不倒下,3take in包括；吸收；理解；欺騙 教材原句It's a 79km round­trip that takes in all the famous tourist spots.(P8) 這是一次往返79公里的旅行，它涵蓋了所有著名的旅游景點(diǎn)。,觀察句子，寫出黑體部分的含義 The price takes in the cost of all the accommodation and food.( ) The old lady was homeless, so I took her in.( ) Women are often taken in by products for losing weight.( ) I found it easy to take in what the teacher said in class.( ),It is said that black takes in more heat than white.( ) The dress was big so I had to take in at the waist.( ) 答案：包括 留宿 上當(dāng)；受騙 理解 吸收 改小,4a great many很多，許多(修飾可數(shù)名詞) The country has _ _ _ problems that need urgent attention. 該國(guó)有許許多多急需關(guān)注的問題。 Nowadays _ _ _ teenagers are addicted to playing computer games, which makes their parents very worried. 當(dāng)今許多青少年迷戀玩電腦游戲，這使他們的父母非常擔(dān)心。,名師點(diǎn)撥 a good/great many后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，但a good/great many后接of時(shí)，必須或者后接代詞加限定詞，如these/those/the/one's等，然后再加名詞復(fù)數(shù)。 It seems that a great/good many of them are out of work now. 似乎他們中的許多人現(xiàn)在都失業(yè)了。 A good many of the/those students in our class have passed the exam. 我們班中有很多學(xué)生通過了考試。 答案：a great many a great many,“It is believed that.”句式 教材原句It is believed that before long the mix of nationalities will be so great that there will be no distinct major racial or cultural groups, but simply a mixture of many races and cultures.(P3) 人們認(rèn)為，過不了多久，多種國(guó)籍的混合將會(huì)如此之大，以至于不可能存在明顯的主要的種族和文化群體，而是一個(gè)多種族、多文化的混合體。,方法規(guī)律It is believed that.人們認(rèn)為。在該句型中，it是形式主語(yǔ)，that引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句。 名師點(diǎn)撥(1)It is said that. 據(jù)說 It is reported that. 據(jù)報(bào)道 It is hoped that. 人們希望 It is thought that. 大家認(rèn)為 It is well known that. 眾所周知,(2)“It be過去分詞that從句”可以改寫為：“從句主語(yǔ)be過去分詞不定式”。 人們普遍認(rèn)為信息技術(shù)既有優(yōu)點(diǎn)也有缺點(diǎn)。 _ IT has both advantages and disadvantages. 據(jù)說中國(guó)時(shí)髦熱詞“tuhao(土豪)”明年有望被收入牛津英語(yǔ)詞典。 _ China's new buzzword, tuhao, may be in next year's Oxford English Dictionary.,_ _ _ _，“Selfie” is named the 2013 official word of the year. “Selfie” _ _ _be named the 2013 official word of the year. 據(jù)報(bào)道“自拍”成為2013年的年度熱詞。 答案：It is generally believed/thought that It is said that It is reported that；is reported to,名詞性從句 1The best moment was _ the Chinese player scored the winning goal. 答案：when 考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意為：最精彩的時(shí)刻是中國(guó)隊(duì)選手贏得決勝球時(shí)。when表示“在時(shí)候，在情況下”，用于談?wù)撃硞€(gè)時(shí)間或某種情況。,2_ Mo Yan had been awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature made us very proud. 答案：That 考查名詞性從句。句意為：莫言獲得2012年諾貝爾文學(xué)獎(jiǎng)讓我們感到非常自豪。分析句子成分可知，made是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，us是賓語(yǔ)，very proud是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，因此_ Mo Yan had been awarded the 2012 Nobel Prize for Literature是主語(yǔ)從句，并在句中作主語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)從句成分齊全，因此用that作引導(dǎo)詞，不作句子成分，只起連接作用。,3It hasn't been made clear _ the new underground line is to be open to traffic. 答案：when 考查名詞性從句。句意為：新的地鐵線路何時(shí)開放還不清楚。句中it是形式主語(yǔ)，空處引導(dǎo)的是主語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意可知用when。 4At first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see _ it got any better. 答案：if/whether 考查賓語(yǔ)從句。句意為：一開始他不喜歡這份新工作，但決定給自己幾個(gè)月的時(shí)間看看情況會(huì)不會(huì)有所好轉(zhuǎn)。,5Can I have a word with _ is in charge of the guest room department? 答案：whoever 考查賓語(yǔ)從句。此處with之后為介詞的賓語(yǔ)從句，whoever作賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)。句意為：我能和負(fù)責(zé)客房部的人談?wù)剢幔?1(2014·湖北改編)Seeing the big crowd coming towards him, he started to run down the hill, but _(slip) and went down on his hands and knees in the melting snow. 答案：slipped 句意：看到一大群人朝他來了，他開始往山下跑，但是滑到了，趴在了正在融化的雪中。slip滑倒，其過去式為slipped。,2(2014·江西改編)He is thought _(act) foolishly. Now he has no one but himself to blame for losing the job. 答案：to have acted 考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：他被認(rèn)為行為愚蠢，現(xiàn)在，除了他自己沒有人該為他失去工作負(fù)責(zé)了。sb./ sth. be thought 后接不定式作賓語(yǔ)。又由他現(xiàn)在失去工作可知他行為愚蠢是發(fā)生在過去的事情，導(dǎo)致他失去工作，所以要用不定式的完成式。,3(2012·江西改編) It suddenly occurred to him _ he had left his keys in the office. 答案：that 考查主語(yǔ)從句。本句中it為形式主語(yǔ)，后面為主語(yǔ)從句，從句句意完整，也不缺少句子成分，故填that。It occurred to sb. that.“某人突然想起.”。句意：他突然想起把鑰匙落在辦公室里了。,4(2011·陜西改編)Some insects take _ the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves. 答案：on 考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：一些昆蟲呈現(xiàn)出它們周圍環(huán)境的顏色來保護(hù)自己。take on雇用；呈現(xiàn)。,5(2011·湖南改編)One­third of the country _(be) covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _(be) black people. 答案：is；are 考查主謂一致。句意：這個(gè)國(guó)家有三分之一的面積被森林覆蓋，并且大多數(shù)公民是黑人。“分?jǐn)?shù)詞of名(代)詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于該名(代)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)，所以第一個(gè)空用is；the majority of the citizens后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)，所以第二個(gè)空用are。,