寫作離不開句子, 要寫好英語(yǔ)的句子,首先要了解英語(yǔ)的句子由哪些成分構(gòu)成,能充當(dāng)這些成分的是各是什么詞。 句子的組成部分分為：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，其中主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)是主要成分, 一般不可缺少。本單元復(fù)習(xí)主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。,句子成分：主語(yǔ)/謂語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ),練習(xí)：請(qǐng)找出下列句子的主語(yǔ)。 1. The boy comes from America. 1. The boy, 名詞作主語(yǔ)。 2. He usually goes to school alone. 2. He，代詞作主語(yǔ)。,主話表示句子所說(shuō)的是什么人或什么事。,3. Studying English is very important. Studying English, 動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。 4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary. To teach him a lesson, 不定式短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)。 5. That he won the prize excited everyone. That he won the prize, 主語(yǔ)從句作主語(yǔ)。,6. It is important for us to have our dreams. it 形式主語(yǔ)to have our dreams 不定式短語(yǔ)作真正的主語(yǔ)。 7. It is obvious that he was wrong. it 形式主語(yǔ), that he was wrong 主語(yǔ)從句作真正的主語(yǔ)。 8. It is no use crying over spilt milk. it 形式主語(yǔ), crying over spilt milk動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作真正的主語(yǔ)。,主語(yǔ)一般由名詞、_ ,或者相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句充當(dāng)(包括_ 、_ 還有_)。另外，當(dāng)句子的主語(yǔ)為_、_ 或_時(shí), 主語(yǔ)部分太長(zhǎng),為使句子平衡, 避免頭重腳輕, 常用it作形式主語(yǔ)。,主格代詞(I、she等),不定式,動(dòng)名詞,主語(yǔ)從句,動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),不定式短語(yǔ),主語(yǔ)從句,謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作(即主語(yǔ)做了什么事)、狀態(tài)或特征。謂語(yǔ)由動(dòng)詞或短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞充當(dāng), 或者由“系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成。除了倒裝等特殊情況外, 謂語(yǔ)總是位于主語(yǔ)的后面, 即“主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)”。,動(dòng)詞分為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞。實(shí)義動(dòng)詞單獨(dú)作謂語(yǔ),連系動(dòng)詞與表語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ), 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成合成謂語(yǔ), 助動(dòng)詞與動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式(如：原形、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞)共同構(gòu)成謂語(yǔ)部分。,【注意】謂語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)在人稱與數(shù)方面要保持一致。,練習(xí)：請(qǐng)找出下列句子的謂語(yǔ)并指出謂語(yǔ)的構(gòu)成：實(shí)義動(dòng)詞、連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的原形還是助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式？ 1. His parents are teachers. 1. are teachers，系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)。 2. The sun rises in the east. 2. rises，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。,3. We have finished reading the book. have finished, 助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。 4. You ought to work harder. ought to work, 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形。,5. I felt cold. 5. felt cold, 連系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)。 6. He doesnt like music. 6. doesnt like, 助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形。,賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作對(duì)象。一般由名詞、賓格代詞(me, her等), 或者相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)或從句充當(dāng)(包括不定式、動(dòng)名詞還有賓語(yǔ)從句)。賓語(yǔ)可分為直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ), 間接賓語(yǔ)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作是對(duì)誰(shuí)或?yàn)檎l(shuí)而做, 直接賓語(yǔ)則是動(dòng)作的承受者或結(jié)果。一般情況下, 賓語(yǔ)都在動(dòng)詞后面, 順序是：主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)。,練習(xí) 請(qǐng)找出下列句子的賓語(yǔ)。 1. He has never met her in person. Her, 賓格代詞作賓語(yǔ)。 2. She handed him a book. him賓格代詞作間接賓語(yǔ), a book 名詞作直接賓語(yǔ)。 3. He likes to play basketball. to play basketball, 不定式短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)。,4. We enjoy listening to music. listening to the music, 動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)。 5. She said that she felt sick. that she felt sick, 賓語(yǔ)從句作賓語(yǔ)。 6. They sent the injured to hospital. the injured, 名詞化的形容詞作賓語(yǔ)。,7. I find it impossible to believe her any longer. 7. it形式賓語(yǔ), 不定式短語(yǔ)to believe her any longer.作真正賓語(yǔ)。 8. We consider it no good getting up late. 8. it形式賓語(yǔ), getting up late動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)作真正賓語(yǔ)。 9. They believed it strange that he should have done that. 9. it形式賓語(yǔ), 賓語(yǔ)從句that he should have done that作真正的賓語(yǔ)。,當(dāng)句子的賓語(yǔ)為_、_、或_時(shí), 常用形式賓語(yǔ)it, 以保持句子的平衡。,注意：,不定式短語(yǔ),動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ),賓語(yǔ)從句,綜合練習(xí),1.他在那里交了許多好朋友。(make) Kate (主語(yǔ)) has made (謂語(yǔ)) a lot of good friends (賓語(yǔ)) there. 2.今天我一定要讀完這本小說(shuō)。(finish) I (主語(yǔ)) must finish (謂語(yǔ)) reading the novel (賓語(yǔ)).,3.她不肯幫助我。(refuse) She (主語(yǔ)) refused (謂語(yǔ)) to help me(賓語(yǔ)). 4.李明，還有另外兩個(gè)同學(xué)，在課堂上睡著了。 Li Ming(主語(yǔ)), together with another two classmates, has fallen asleep (謂語(yǔ)) in class.,5. 其實(shí)，記英語(yǔ)單詞并不難。(用doing作主語(yǔ)) In fact, remembering English words (主語(yǔ)) is not so difficult(謂語(yǔ)).,