系動詞是表示人或事物狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)的動詞，如: be， get，sound，look， seem, feel等。系動詞后面的部分叫表語。作表語的典型詞類是形容詞，也可以是名詞、數(shù)詞、極少數(shù)副詞(如here， there)、介詞短語、不定式、分詞、表語從句等。系動詞與表語共同構(gòu)成謂語，說明主語的狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)等。,一、表語,句子成分: 表/ 定/ 狀/ 補(bǔ),練習(xí)：請找出下列句子的表語并指出表語是由什么來充當(dāng)?shù)?名詞、數(shù)詞、形容詞、介詞, 不定式, 分詞，還是表語從句)。 1. My wallet is on the desk. 1. on the desk, 介詞短語。 2. The book isnt mine. 2. mine,名詞性物主代詞。,3. The leaves turn yellow in fall. 3. yellow , 形容詞。 4. He has become a police officer. a police officer, 名詞。 5. My suggestion is that we should start at once. that we should start at once, 表語從句。,6. My suggestion is to leave at once. 6. to leave at once, 不定式短語。 7. His speech was boring. 7. boring，現(xiàn)在分詞。 8. The whole class got excited at the good news. 8. excited， 過去分詞。,二、定語,定語用來修飾名詞或代詞，起限定作用。作定語的典型詞類是形容詞和形容詞性物主代詞，也可以是數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、分詞、定語從句等。定語一般位于被修飾詞之前，但若修飾復(fù)合不定代詞(如something)時，或者是短語或定語從句作定語，則總是放在所修飾名詞的后面。,練習(xí)：請找出下列句子的定語并指出定語是由什么充當(dāng)（形容詞、形容詞性代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、介詞短語、分詞還是定語從句） 1. The beautiful sight attracts many tourists every year.,1. beautiful, 形容詞；many, 數(shù)詞。,2. The wallet on the desk is mine. on the desk, 介詞短語。 3. The demanding boss wasnt satisfied with my work. demanding, 現(xiàn)在分詞；my, 形容詞性代詞。 4. That building being repaired is our library. being repaired, 現(xiàn)在分詞短語; our, 形容詞性代詞。,5. He is one of the students that have been late. 5. one, 數(shù)詞; that have been late, 定語從句。 6. The excited boys burst into cheers. 6. excited，過去分詞。 7. A woman police officer was praised for her good work. 7. woman，名詞；good，形容詞。,三、狀語,狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或整個句子。一般表示行為發(fā)生的時間、地點、目的、方式、程度等，作狀語的典型詞類是副詞，也可以是介詞短語、不定式、分詞、狀語從句等。,練習(xí)：請找出下列句子的狀語并指出狀語是由什么充當(dāng)(副詞、介詞短語、不定式、分詞、狀語從句)。 1. He did his homework carefully at home. carefully, 副詞; at home，介詞詞組。 2. Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday. 2.to do some shopping不定式作目的狀語; on Sunday介詞短語表時間。,3. When I grow up , I am going to be a teacher . 3. When I grow up, 時間狀語從句。 4. Feeling tired, he went to bed without supper. 4. Feeling tired, 現(xiàn)在分詞短語表原因; without supper, 介詞短語表方式。,5. He lost his job due to his lack of patience. due to his lack of patience介詞短語表原因。 6. Brought up in the country, he finds it hard to adjust himself to city life. 6. Brought up in the country, 過去分詞短語表原因。,補(bǔ)充說明主語的稱為主語補(bǔ)足語；補(bǔ)充說明賓語的稱為賓語補(bǔ)足語。作補(bǔ)足語的典型詞類是形容詞,也可以是名詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞等。,四、補(bǔ)足語,練習(xí)：請找出下列句子的賓語補(bǔ)足語并指出它是由什么充當(dāng)?shù)?名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞)。 1. They elected John monitor. 1. monitor名詞。 2. He treated his mistake as a joke. 2. as a joke，介詞詞組。,3. We heard her singing a song. 3. singing a song, 現(xiàn)在分詞短語。 4. He told me to make my own decision. 4. to make my own decision, 動詞不定式。,5. I think it wrong of him to decline my offer. 5. wrong , 形容詞。 6. He watched an insect caught by a bird. 6. caught by a bird，過去分詞短語。,【注意】如果把主動語態(tài)改成被動語態(tài), 賓語補(bǔ)足語就成了主語補(bǔ)足語。例如： He was acknowledged to be the best player.他被公認(rèn)為是最佳選手。(不定式作主語補(bǔ)足語),