路漫漫其修遠(yuǎn)兮 吾將上下而求索,走向高考 · 英語,外研版 · 高考總復(fù)習(xí),語法專項(xiàng)突破,第二部分,語法專項(xiàng)突破(十四) 情景交際,第二部分,考 綱 解 讀,命 題 分 析,知 識 歸 納,語 法 專 練,2,3,4,1,交際用語主要考查教學(xué)大綱中所規(guī)定的常用會(huì)話套語?？疾榈姆绞揭詰?yīng)答為主，提問為輔；以中英文化差異明顯的語言交流項(xiàng)目為重點(diǎn)考查對象。 全國各省市高考英語試卷中交際用語的考點(diǎn)涉及同意和不同意、肯定與不肯定、道歉、道謝、邀請、請求、允許、接受或拒絕、勸告以及安慰、驚奇等。,一、考點(diǎn)知識歸納 (一)解答情景交際類題目的應(yīng)對方略 有關(guān)情景交際的考點(diǎn)主要分布在考綱規(guī)定的問候、告別、感謝、住院、祝賀、道歉、邀請、約會(huì)、請求、允許或不允許等三十余個(gè)話題中，同時(shí)也涉及了談?wù)撎鞖?、購物、問路、就餐、打電話、看病等十多?xiàng)情景。為了更好地解答此類題目，我們應(yīng)注意以下四點(diǎn)：,1大量閱讀，熟悉句型結(jié)構(gòu)。 在復(fù)習(xí)備考過程中，要熟悉句型結(jié)構(gòu)，進(jìn)行大量閱讀，積累各情景中的交際用語，尤其需要注意中英文化差異，增強(qiáng)理解能力，從而真正提高運(yùn)用能力。 2分析題目語言環(huán)境，確保用語和諧一致。 交際用語的考查主要設(shè)置在真實(shí)的語境中，做題時(shí)要考慮全面，要注意語境的和諧一致。特別要注意上下句的關(guān)系，不能只看到題目的一部分就得出結(jié)論。特別是對話，要看答語和問句是否一致。,典題示例 Let's go shopping after school. _ Call me at that time. 剖析：Sounds great. 多數(shù)題目是在語境中考查知識點(diǎn)，做這類題目時(shí)要注意語境的和諧一致。只看第一句話，我們不能確定選哪個(gè)答案。但從Call me at that time.可知，后者贊同前者的提議。做題時(shí)要考慮全面，要注意上下句的關(guān)系，不能只看到題目的一部分就得出結(jié)論。,3擯棄漢語思維習(xí)慣，考慮英語文化內(nèi)涵。 平日學(xué)習(xí)中要多說英語，多讀英文讀物，培養(yǎng)語感。做題時(shí)多從英語的角度思考，體會(huì)講英語國家的文化背景，不要從漢語的角度思維。同時(shí)要把語法轉(zhuǎn)化為一種語言習(xí)慣。做題時(shí)還要遵循文明禮貌、委婉客氣的原則，同時(shí)要考慮一些常見的句式和結(jié)構(gòu)。如Thanks, but.；Sorry, but.等。,典題示例 We really enjoyed ourselves at the party.Thanks again, Mr.and Mrs.Smith. Nice _(meet) you here.Just drop in whenever you feel like it. 剖析：having met Nice having met you here中用了完成時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，故通常用于告別時(shí)，從第一句話可知這是道別的用語，因此是正確的。,Will you join us in the game? Thank you, but I'd rather_. 剖析：not Thank you, but.是委婉拒絕他人邀請的交際用語，因此用not。,4善于比較、區(qū)別交際用語中的易混點(diǎn)。 (1)That's all right.Don't mention it.You're welcome.與It's a pleasure.的使用區(qū)別 回答對方的道歉時(shí)應(yīng)選用Thats all right (沒關(guān)系)。對于對方道謝的回答可用Youre welcome.Dont mention it.和Its a pleasure.。但三者也有細(xì)微的區(qū)別，如：顧客向服務(wù)員道謝時(shí)，服務(wù)員常說Youre welcome.當(dāng)對方對于你的幫助道謝時(shí)，你通常說Dont mention it.對于生日宴會(huì)等場合對方提供的幫助、禮物等時(shí)的回答為It's a pleasure.。,(2)It's a/my pleasure.與With pleasure. 當(dāng)你幫完別人的忙，別人向你表示感謝時(shí)，用It's a/my pleasure.，當(dāng)別人需要你幫忙時(shí)，你同意則用With pleasure.來回答。,(二)情景交際知識 一、社會(huì)交往 1問候 Greetings (1)Good morning/afternoon/evening. Hello/Hi How are you? Fine，thank you，and you? Very well，thank you. (2)Best wishes/regards to. Please give my regards/best wishes/love to. Say hello to. Please remember me to.,2介紹Introductions 句型結(jié)構(gòu) (1)This is Mr./Miss/Ms./Comrade. May I introduce you to.? Id like you to meet. (2)How do you do? Nice/Glad/Pleased to see/meet you. Nice meeting you，Mr./Mrs./Miss. (3)My name is. Im a(student，teacher，etc.) (4)Im Chinese.,3告別Farewells 句型結(jié)構(gòu) (1)I'm afraid I must be leaving now. I think it is time for us to leave now. It's time I met (did) ；I have to go now. (2)Good­bye ! (Bye­bye！Bye！) See you later/tomorrow. (See you. ) Good night.,4感謝和應(yīng)答Thanks and responses 句型結(jié)構(gòu) (1)Thank you (very much) Thanks a lot. Many thanks. Thanks for. (2)It's very kind of you to. Not at all. That's all right. You are welcome.,5祝愿，祝賀和應(yīng)答 Good wishes, congratulations and responses 句型結(jié)構(gòu) (1)Good luck! I wish you good luck (success) ! Good journey (to you) ! Have a good trip. Have a nice (good) time. I'd like to congratulate you on.,(2) Thank you. The same to you. (3)Happy New Year! Merry Christmas ! Happy birthday to you. 6道歉、遺憾和應(yīng)答 Apologies，regrets and responses 句型結(jié)構(gòu) (1) Sorry/Pardon. I am sorry. I am sorry for (about) I'm sorry to. havev.­ed/that.,(2)Excuse me (for.) Be afraidthat. What a pity/shame! It is a pity that. (3)That's all right. It doesn't matter. That's nothing.,7邀請和應(yīng)答 Invitations and responses 句型結(jié)構(gòu) (1)Will you come to. ? Would you like to. ? I'd like to invite you to. (2)Yes，l'd love to (.) Yes，it is very kind (nice) of you. (3)I'd love to，but.,8提供幫助和應(yīng)答 Offers and responses 句型結(jié)構(gòu) (1)Can/Could/Shall I help you? Would you like me to. ? Is there anything (else) I can do for you? Do you want me to. ? What can I do for you? Let me do/carry/help. for you. Would you like some. ?,(2)Thanks. That would be nice/fine. That's very kind of you. Thank you for your help. Yes, please. Here, take this/my/. (3) No, thanks/thank you. I can manage it myself. Thank you all the same. That's very kind of you，but.,9約會(huì) Making appointments 句型結(jié)構(gòu) (1)Are/Will you be free this afternoon/tomorrow? How about tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening? Shall we meet at 4：30 at. ? (2)Yes，that's all right. Yes，I'll be free then. (3)No，I won't be free then. But I'll be free. (4)All right. See you then.,10就餐 Taking meals 句型結(jié)構(gòu) (1)What would you like to have? Would you like something (to eat/drink)? (2)I'd like. Chicken/Two eggs., please. (3)Would you like some more. ? Help yourself to some. (4)Thank you. I've had enough. I'm full，thank you. Just a little，please.,11打電話Making phone calls 句型結(jié)構(gòu) (1)Hello! Is. in? May/Could I speak to. ? Is that. (speaking) ? (2) Hold on./Who is it? He/She isn't here right now. Can I take a message for you? (3) Hello, this is. speaking. I called to tell/ask you.,12傳遞信息 Passing on a message 句型結(jié)構(gòu) (1)Will you please give this note/message to. ? (2)asked me to give you this note. (3)Thanks for the message.,13看醫(yī)生 Seeing the doctor 句型結(jié)構(gòu) (1) There's something wrong with. I've got a headache and a cough. I feel terrible (bad) I don't feel well. I've got a pain here. This place hurts. I've got a headache and a cough.,(2)Take this medicine three times a day. Drink plenty of water and have a good rest. It's nothing serious. You'll be all right/well soon. 14談?wù)撎鞖?Talking about the weather 句型結(jié)構(gòu) (1)What's the weather like today? How's the weather.? (2)It's fine/cloudy/windy/rainy. It's getting cold/warm. It's rather warm/cold/hot. today，isn't it? It's a beautiful day today.,15購物 Shopping 句型結(jié)構(gòu) (1)What can I do for you? May/Can I help you? (2)I want/I'd like. How much is it? That's too expensive，I'm afraid. That's fine, I'll take it. Let me have. (3)How many/much do you want? What colour/size/kind do you want? (4)Do you have any other kind/size/colour，etc. ?,16問路和應(yīng)答 Asking the way and responses 句型結(jié)構(gòu) (1)Excuse me，where's the men's/ladies' room? Excuse me，can you tell me the way to. ? How can I get to. ? I don't know the way. (2)Go down this street. Turn right/left at the first/second crossing. It's about.metres from here. Go straight ahead till you see.,17請求允許和應(yīng)答 Asking for permissions and responses 句型結(jié)構(gòu) (1)May I ? Can/Could I ? I wonder if I could. Would/Do you mind if I opened/open the window? (2) Yes/Sure/Certainly. Yes, (do) please. Of course (you may) Go ahead, please.,That's OK/all right. Not at all. (3)I'm sorry，you can't. I'm sorry，hut. You'd better not. 18勸告和建議 Advice and suggestions 句型結(jié)構(gòu) (1)You'd better (not) You should/ought to. You need (to) I suggest that.,(2)Shall we. ? Let's. What/How about. ? Why not.? Why don't you. ? 19提醒 Reminding 句型結(jié)構(gòu) Don't forget to. Don't you remember the days when. Make sure that everything is OK now.,二、態(tài)度 1意愿和愿望 Intentions and wishes 句型結(jié)構(gòu) (1)I'm going to. I intend/mean/plan to. I will. I feel like walking (going out for a walk) I'd like to. I (do not) want/hope to. I'm ready to. I would rather not tell you.,(2)I want/hope/wish to. I wish that. I would do it if I should have the chance. I would like to. If only I could see him. 2同意和不同意 Agreement and disagreement 句型結(jié)構(gòu) (1) Certainly/Sure/Of course. No problem. Yes, please. Yes，I think so.,That's true/right. All right/OK. That's a good idea. It's a good idea to./It would be a good idea to./that. I/We agree (with you) I agree to./that­clause. (2)No. I don't think so. Do you think so? I'm afraid not. I'm afraid I (really)can't agree with you. I don't agree (with).,3喜好和厭惡 Likes and dislikes 句型結(jié)構(gòu) (1)I like/love.(very much) I like/love to. (2)I don't like (to) I have (to).,三、情感 1表示喜悅 Expressing pleasure 句型結(jié)構(gòu) I'm glad/pleased/happy to. That's nice/wonderful/great. Hopefully tomorrow will turn fine.,2驚奇 Surprise 句型結(jié)構(gòu) Really? Haven't you heard? Oh dear! Is that so? Good heavens! My God! Goodness!,3焦慮 Anxiety 句型結(jié)構(gòu) What's wrong? What's the matter (with you)? I'm/He's/She's worried. Oh，what shall I/we do? We were all anxious about. 4安慰 Reassurance Don't be afraid. Don't worry. It's (quite) all right. It'll be OK/all right. Take your time.,5滿意Satisfaction Good! Well done! Perfect! That's fine. That's better. That's good enough. I'm pleased with your spoken English. Wonderful, indeed.,6遺憾 Regret I'm so sorry! It's a great pity! What a shame! That's too bad! I wish I had never given it up. If I had been there, he would not have made such a serious mistake.,7同情 Sympathy I'm so sorry! I'm so sorry about your illness. I'm sorry to hear you are going away. Please accept my deep sympathy.,二、方法技巧總結(jié) 方法一 巧用答語提示法 在有些征求意見或請求許可的問話中，我們可以根據(jù)已有的答語來判斷說話者的態(tài)度，是同意還是拒絕，是支持還是反對。 典題示例 I'll be away on a business trip.Would you mind looking after my cat? Not at all. I'd be happy_.,剖析：to 句意：“我要出公差。你介意照看一下我的貓嗎？”“不介意。我很樂意?！备鶕?jù)句意可以推斷出這是請求別人幫忙的問話，從Not at all這一答語中可知應(yīng)答者的態(tài)度，所以用to。I'd be happy toI'd be happy to look after your cat.,方法二：身臨其境法 在審題過程中，我們可以假設(shè)自己就在那種氛圍中，自己就是對話者的角色。這樣能更準(zhǔn)確地把握出題者的思路，作出準(zhǔn)確的判斷。 典題示例 Do remember to see a doctor tomorrow! _(get) it. 剖析：Got 句意：“一定要記得明天去看醫(yī)生！”“明白”。Got itI have got it.“我明白”。假如你就是文中叮囑的人，你覺得最合適、最想聽到的答語應(yīng)該是Got it。,方法三 語境歸類法 在平常的練習(xí)中我們可以對情境進(jìn)行歸類，以便綜合記憶。如：看到I'm sorry, I'm afraid, you'd rather not, you'd better not這樣的答語時(shí)，很自然地就聯(lián)想到，這一類是同一語境，用于委婉地拒絕別的請求、建議和幫助?？吹絯ould you mind這樣的字眼要特別注意yes表示介意，no表示不介意。,典題示例 Do you mind my turning off the light? I'd _you didn't.I'm reading the end of the story. 剖析：rather 句意：“你介意我關(guān)燈嗎？”“我想你最好別關(guān)。我馬上就讀完這個(gè)故事了。”I'd rather you didn't (我不愿你關(guān))符合語境。,