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,選修8 Unit 1—Unit 5,Unit 3 Inventors and inventions,,1．________ (adj.) 被動的；消極的；被動語態(tài)的 2．________ (vt.) 抓??；捉住；奪 3．________ (n.) 文件；檔案；文件夾 (vt.) 提交；將……歸檔 4．________ (adj.) 冰凍的；嚴(yán)寒的 5．________ (vt.) 忍受；忍耐；負(fù)擔(dān) 6．________ (vt.) 輕打；輕拍；輕敲 (n.) 輕輕地敲擊(聲)；(水)龍頭 7．________ (adj.) 穩(wěn)固的；穩(wěn)定的；安定的 8．________ (adj.) 實(shí)際的；實(shí)踐的；實(shí)用的,重點(diǎn)單詞,passive,seize,file,freezing,bear,tap,stable,practical,9．________ (n.) (水或氣)流；電流 (adj.) 現(xiàn)在的；當(dāng)前的 10．________(n.) 產(chǎn)品 11．__________ (adj.) 便利的；方便的；就近的→___________ (n.) 便利；方便→______________ (adj.) 不方便的；引起麻煩的 12．________ (n.) 小心；謹(jǐn)慎→________ (adj.) 小心的；謹(jǐn)慎的→__________ (adv.) 小心地；謹(jǐn)慎地 13．__________(vi.&vt.)顯示……的差別；使……有所不同；辨別→_____________ (adj.)卓越的；著名的；杰出的,current,product,convenient,convenience,inconvenience,caution,cautious,cautiously,distinguish,distinguished,14．________(adj.)寬大的；仁慈的；慈悲的→________(n.)寬大；仁慈 15．________(vt.)聯(lián)想；聯(lián)系(n.)同伴；伙伴→_____________ (n.)社團(tuán)；協(xié)會；聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想 16．________(adj.)突然的；意外的→________(adv.)突然地，唐突地 17．___________(n.)預(yù)料；期待；期望→________(vt.)預(yù)料；期待；期望；認(rèn)為 18．________(adj.)清白的；無罪的；天真的→__________(n.)天真，清白,merciful,mercy,associate,association,abrupt,abruptly,expectation,expect,innocent,innocence,1．________________ 給……打電話 2．________________ 偶爾；有時 3．________________ 開始；著手 4．________________ 迅速把手伸入；一心投入 5．________________ 開始(做) 6．________________ 不掛斷；稍等；緊緊握住 7．________________ 次序顛倒；發(fā)生故障 8．________________ 設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話)；(設(shè)法) 做完；通過 9．________________ 回復(fù)電話 10．________________ 掛斷電話,重點(diǎn)短語,call up now and then set about dive into set out (to do) hang on out of order get through ring back ring off,1．Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. 跟隨它，在它的周圍探索，不知不覺中，你將有值得考慮的某些東西占用你的大腦。 [解讀] 本句為“祈使句＋and＋陳述句”結(jié)構(gòu)。 [仿寫] 努力學(xué)習(xí)，你會被一所重點(diǎn)大學(xué)錄取。 Work hard and________________________a key university.,經(jīng)典句型,答案：you will be admitted to,2．The criteria are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel. (評定)專利標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是很嚴(yán)格的，除非新的想法真是新穎的，否則很難被接受。 [解讀] so.that.引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。 [仿寫] 他的計(jì)劃如此實(shí)用以至于我們大家都同意接受它。 His plan was________________________we all agreed to accept it.,答案：so practical that,3．The next morning I got up early before the sun was hot. 第二天早上，天還不是很熱，我就早早地起來了。 [解讀] before意為“在……之前”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。 [仿寫] 遭受地震襲擊的地區(qū)，人們的生活要過很長時間才會恢復(fù)正常。 ______________________________the people's life in earthquake- stricken areas returns to normal.,答案：It will be a long time before,4．Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor. 只有獲得了認(rèn)證，你才可以說是一個真正的發(fā)明者。 [解讀] only＋狀語位于句首部分倒裝。 [仿寫] 只有當(dāng)他離開家時他才意識到他的家是多么的好。 ________when he was away from home________________how nice home was.,答案：Only；did he realize,1．distinguish vt.&vi. 顯示……的差別；使……有不同；辨別 [教材原句] Here was a chance for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them. 這回我有機(jī)會來表現(xiàn)一下自己，我要發(fā)明某種仁慈的東西，既可以把蛇抓到而又不會傷害到它們。,板塊一：核心單詞,(1)distinguish between.and.區(qū)分/辨別……和…… distinguish.from.使……有別于…… distinguish oneself(as.)(作為……)表現(xiàn)突出 (2)distinguished adj.卓越的；著名的；杰出的 be distinguished for.因……而出名,①At what age are children able to distinguish between right and wrong? 兒童到什么年齡才能明辨是非？ ②He distinguished________by winning 4 prizes. 他因獲得四個獎項(xiàng)而名聲大噪。 ③The twins are so alike that no one can distinguish one________ the other. 這對雙胞胎長得很像，沒有人能分辨得出哪個是哪個。 ④Honestly speaking，I admire your________achievements. 老實(shí)說，我真羨慕你卓越的成就。,答案： ②himself ③from ④distinguished,2．seize vt. 抓??；捉住，奪 [教材原句] .I decide to seize the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office. ……我決定抓住這次機(jī)會把我的發(fā)明送到專利局去，請他們對我這次成功的思路給予認(rèn)定。,seize on/upon 利用 seize sb.by the arm 抓住某人的胳膊 seize an opportunity/a chance to do sth.抓住機(jī)會做某事,①He who seizes the right moment is the right man. 誰把握機(jī)遇，誰就心想事成。 ②She seized me ________________. 她抓住我的手腕。 ③His father asked him to__________________ to make some money. 父親叫他抓住時機(jī)賺一些錢。,答案：②by the wrist ③seize the chance,3．expectation n．預(yù)料；期待；期望 [教材原句] This was in the expectation that the snakes would bite again. 這是為了防止蛇再次咬人。,(1)come/live up to one's expectations不負(fù)所望 in expectation of期待；指望；預(yù)料會有 beyond expectations料想不到 (2)expect vt.期望；預(yù)料 expect to do sth.期望做某事 expect sb.to do sth.期望某人做某事 be expected to do sth.預(yù)計(jì)……,①We know that Mary will do well，but she have succeeded beyond expectation. 我們知道瑪麗會做得不錯，但沒想到她竟取得了出乎意料的成功。 ②If you would give me another chance，I believe I can________. 如果你再給我一個機(jī)會，我相信我能達(dá)到你的期望。 ③He ate a light lunch__________________a good dinner. 他午餐吃得少，期待著晚上好好吃一頓。 ④The city's population__________to expand by 12%in ten years. 十年后，該市人口預(yù)計(jì)增加12%。,答案： ②come up to your expectation ③in expectation of ④is expected,4．bear vt. 忍受；忍耐；負(fù)擔(dān)；生育 n. 熊(bore，born) [教材原句] I cannot bear the smell of burnt sausage on the barbecue. 我忍受不了架子上烤香腸的味道。,(1)can't bear doing/to do sth.不能忍受做某事 can't bear sb./sb.'s doing/to do sth.不能忍受某人做某事 (2)bear a heavy burden 肩負(fù)重?fù)?dān) bear responsibility/the blame承擔(dān)責(zé)任/受責(zé)備 (3)bear/keep sth.in mind 記住…… bear in mind that.記住……,[見證2014]It comes easily to me—hear the notes and can bear them in mind—each and every note，” says Samuel. 塞繆爾說：“這對我來說很容易——我聽到的音符就能把它們記住，而且是每一個音符”。(2014·廣東卷閱讀理解A),①Who will bear the losses caused by the accident? 誰來負(fù)擔(dān)事故導(dǎo)致的損失？ ②She can't bear______________(laugh)at. 她不能容忍被人恥笑。 ③We should always________________that many traffic accidents arise from drunk driving. 我們應(yīng)該牢記，很多事故都是由酒后駕駛造成的。 ④—Mum，it's fine today.I want to skate on the lake. —Don't you think the ice is too thin ________ your weight? ——媽媽，今天天氣很好，我想到湖上去滑冰。 ——難道你不認(rèn)為冰太薄承受不了你的重量嗎？,答案：②being laughed ③bear in mind ④to bear,5．a(chǎn)ssociate vt. 聯(lián)想，聯(lián)系 [教材原句] Although he is most often associated with the invention of the telephone，he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody's life. 雖然人們常把他與電話的發(fā)明聯(lián)系在一起，但是他的確是一位永不停息的探索家，不斷尋求著改善人們生活質(zhì)量的途徑。,(1)associate.with.把……和……聯(lián)系在一起；由……聯(lián)想到…… associate with sb.與某人交往或常打交道 be associated with.和……有關(guān) (2)association n．聯(lián)合；聯(lián)想；交往；協(xié)會；團(tuán)體 in association with.與……合伙/合作/有關(guān) (3)associated adj.關(guān)聯(lián)的，聯(lián)合的,①What do you associate with such a heavy snow? 對這樣一場大雪你有什么聯(lián)想？ ②You will learn a lot if you______________these people. 你如果與這些人交往就會學(xué)到很多東西。 ③As far as the American children are concerned，the Christmas ________ with excitement，happiness and gifts. 對于美國的孩子來說，圣誕節(jié)與興奮、幸福和禮物聯(lián)系在一起。 ④Through science we've got the idea of______________the future. 通過科學(xué)，我們知道了應(yīng)該把進(jìn)步與未來聯(lián)系起來。,答案：②associate with ③is associated ④associating progress with,6．call up 給……打電話；使……回憶起 [教材原句] When I called up my mother in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset. 我給住在鄉(xiāng)下的母親打電話的時候，她感到很心煩。,板塊二：短語和句型,①call back 回電話，召喚某人回來 ②call for 需要；要求 ③call off 取消 ④call in 拜訪(某人)；號召 ⑤call at 拜訪(某地) ⑥call out 大聲地喊，叫出來,①The sound of happy laughter called up memories of his childhood. 這歡笑聲讓他回憶起童年的情景。 ②The Ministry of Education____________students to exercise for an hour every day. 教育部呼吁學(xué)生每天鍛煉一個小時。 ③The sudden blow to her leg made her____________in pain. 她的腿遭到突然一擊，使得她痛得大叫大嚷起來。 ④There is no need to worry.I will____________you at seven o'clock. 沒有必要擔(dān)心，我7點(diǎn)鐘去接你。,⑤The game was____________because of the bad weather. 比賽因天氣惡劣被取消。 ⑥A well-written composition ________________ a good choice of words and clear organization among other things. 一篇好的作文還需要選詞準(zhǔn)確，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰。,答案： ②calls on ③call out ④call for ⑤called off ⑥calls for,7．set about 開始；著手(about是介詞，其后常接名詞或動名詞) [教材原句] I set about researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them. 我著手研究蛇的習(xí)性，以便能找到捕蛇的最簡易的方法。,set out (to do) 開始做，出發(fā)，動身 set down 放下，記下 set aside 留出，把……置一旁 set off 引起，放(煙火) set up 開辦，設(shè)立,①Some boys are setting off fireworks in the street. 幾個男孩正在街上放鞭炮。 ②________________some time each day to write，even if it is only five minutes. 每天都留出一點(diǎn)時間來寫作，哪怕只有5分鐘。 ③The young workers________________ their work with great enthusiasm. 這些年輕的工人們以極大的熱情投入到他們的工作中。,④Traditionally，college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they________________ on their life journey. 傳統(tǒng)上，大學(xué)生在開始他們的人生旅程之前會用畢業(yè)典禮來鼓勵他們自己。,答案： ②Set aside ③set about ④set off,8．hang on不掛斷；堅(jiān)持；緊緊握住(to sth.) [教材原句] Hang on，please. 請別掛電話。,,①Hang on—I'll just get a pen. 別掛電話——我去拿支筆。 ②Try and____________ until help arrives. 想辦法堅(jiān)持到援助的到來。 ③She____________the phone angrily before I could speak. 我還沒來得及說話她就生氣地掛斷了電話。 ④He______________for murder. 他因謀殺罪被處以絞刑。,⑤He manages to____________a piece of rock protruding from the cliff face. 他想方設(shè)法攀住了從懸崖上伸出的一塊巖石。 ⑥Why is he____________in the streets? 為什么他在街上四處閑逛？,答案： ②hang on ③hung up ④was hanged ⑤hang on to ⑥hanging about,9．out of order次序顛倒；發(fā)生故障；有毛?。粻顩r不佳 [教材原句] I'm sorry，but this phone is out of order. 對不起，電話壞了。,(1)in good/terrible order秩序井然/一團(tuán)糟 in order整齊；按順序 put/keep.in order使……井然有序 (2)類似的短語有： out of breath上氣不接下氣 out of control失去控制 out of danger脫離危險,out of date過時的，過期的 out of place不合適的(不相稱的，不適合的) out of question毫無疑問，一定，當(dāng)然 out of reach夠不著 out of sight看不見，在視野之外 out of touch失去聯(lián)系 out of work失業(yè),①The car was out of order，so we had to walk to school. 汽車出了故障，所以我們只好步行去學(xué)校。 ②All the books are put______________. 所有的圖書都排放整齊。 ③Things were______________. 情況一團(tuán)雜亂。,答案： ②in good order ③in terrible order,10．get through 設(shè)法聯(lián)系上(尤指打通電話)；(設(shè)法)做完；通過；消耗掉 [教材原句] I can‘t get through.我打不通電話。 [猜一猜] 觀察句子，寫出句中g(shù)et through的含義 ①I couldn't get through to her because her phone was busy all day. ________________ ②She found writing helped her get through the rough days. ________________ ③I've got through the driving test recently.________________ ④As soon as I get through with my work I'll join you.__________,答案： ①接通電話，聯(lián)系 ②度過(難關(guān)) ③通過 ④做完,①get(sth.)across(to sb.)(使某事)傳播或?yàn)?某人)理解 ②get along with sb.與某人相處；進(jìn)展 ③get away with sth.攜某物潛逃；不因某事受懲罰 ④get down to sth./doing sth.開始做某事；認(rèn)真處理某事 ⑤get over克服,①We got through a fortune while we were in New York. 我們在紐約時花掉了一大筆錢。 ②How can I____________to you people how important this is? 我怎么做才能讓你們這些人理解這件事的重要性？ ③How are you____________there? 你在那里過得怎么樣？ ④I've learned to____________bad life's experiences and learned how to move on because of her. 因?yàn)樗?，我已?jīng)學(xué)會了如何克服生活中的艱難困苦，也學(xué)會了如何繼續(xù)努力。,答案： ②get it across ③getting along ④get over,11．Follow it up，explore all around it，and before you know it，you will have something worth thinking about to occupy your mind. 跟隨它，在它的周圍探索，不知不覺中，你將有值得考慮的某些東西占用你的大腦。,本句句式結(jié)構(gòu)為：祈使句＋and＋陳述句。 (1)祈使句＋and＋陳述句 (2)祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陳述句 (3)名詞詞組＋and＋陳述句,①Listen carefully，and you'll understand it. ＝If you listen carefully，you'll understand it. 仔細(xì)聽，你就會明白。 ②Study hard，________you'll fail in your exams. 認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)，否則你會考試不及格。 ③Every day ________a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized. 每天把一句諺語大聲朗讀幾遍直到記住它。,答案： ②or/otherwise ③read,12．Only after you have had that recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor. 只有獲得了那種認(rèn)證以后，才能說你是一個真正的發(fā)明者。,only＋狀語從句，置于句首的倒裝句 only后使用部分倒裝的三個注意事項(xiàng)： ①only＋狀語放在句首 ②only修飾作狀語的副詞、介詞短語或狀語從句 ③only后的狀語從句不倒裝，主句倒裝,①Only then did we realize that we were wrong. 直到那時我們才發(fā)現(xiàn)我們錯了。 ②Only in this way______________finish the work on time. 只有通過這種方式你才能按時完成工作。 ③Only when the war was over in 1945______________ able to return to his hometown. 直到1945年戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束他才能夠返回家鄉(xiāng)。 ④Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent______________ be treated properly in this hospital. 只有將醫(yī)生的人數(shù)增加50%，這家醫(yī)院的病人才能得到恰當(dāng)?shù)闹委煛?答案： ②can you ③was he ④can the patients,根據(jù)漢語提示，用句末括號內(nèi)的英語單詞完成句子 1．May I come and talk with you____________？(convenient) 在你方便時我能來和你談?wù)剢幔?2．The tourist area，__________________historic and scenic attractions，is visited by thousands of tourists every day.(dot) 這個旅游區(qū)內(nèi)名勝古跡星羅棋布，每天都吸引成千上萬的游客來參觀。,單元語法專練：,答案：1.when it's convenient to you 2.(which is) dotted with,3．Good outcomes can increase the belief that you are capable of accomplishing____________.(set) 好的結(jié)果能夠增強(qiáng)你有能力完成任何你打算著手干的事情的信念。 4．Cigarette smoking has been considered________________lung cancer.(associate) 肺癌一直被認(rèn)為與吸煙有關(guān)。 5．The murderer begged the judge____________，but was sentenced to death.(mercy) 那個殺人犯懇求法官對他網(wǎng)開一面，但還是被判了死刑。,答案： 3．whatever you set out to do 4.(to be)associated with 5．to show mercy to him,6．____________his research for several months，the professor decided to go away on holiday and forget all about it temporarily.(dive) 潛心于研究好幾個月之后，這位教授決定去度假，暫時忘卻這一切。 7．____________a stock if you have a bad feeling about the company as a consumer，or you might suffer a great loss.(hang) 作為消費(fèi)者，如果你對一家公司感覺不好的話，就不要持有這家公司的股票，否則你可能會損失一大筆。,答案： 6.Having dived into 7.Don't hang on to,8．I was____________the referee that I thought heshould get punished by FIFA.(disappoint) 我對那個裁判真失望，我認(rèn)為他應(yīng)該受到國際足聯(lián)的處罰。 9．Frozen yogurt may____________calories but not if you eat five tubs of it.(low) 冷凍酸奶卡路里含量低，但你一次吃五罐就不低了。 10．If the patent committee had approved my design，my invention____________in practice.(adopt) 要是專利委員會批準(zhǔn)了我的設(shè)計(jì)，那么我的發(fā)明就會在實(shí)踐中加以運(yùn)用了。,答案：8.so disappointed with 9.be low in 10.would have been adopted,