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Unit 2 English around the world,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,1.officialadj.官方的;正式的;公務的 officen.辦公室 officern.官員 2.voyagen.航行;航海 3.nativeadj.本國的;本地的 n.本地人;本國人;土著 4.actuallyadv.實際上,事實上 actualadj.實際的,事實上的 5.basevt.以……為根據(jù) n.基部,基地;基礎(chǔ) basicadj.基本的,基礎(chǔ)的 basisn.基礎(chǔ);根據(jù) 6.gradualadj.逐漸的,逐步的 graduallyadv.逐漸地,逐步地 7.vocabularyn.詞匯;詞匯量;詞表,,,,,,,,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,8.latteradj.較后的;后半的;(兩者中)后者的 former(反義詞)adj.前者的;以前的 9.identityn.本身;本體;身份 identify(形近詞)vt.要求,,,,,,,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,15.expressionn.詞語;表示,表達 expressvt.表達,表示 16.recognize/recognisevt.辨認出;承認;公認 recognitionn.承認;識別;認可 17.accentn.口音,腔調(diào);重音 18.straightadv.直接;挺直 adj.直的,筆直的;正直的,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,1.because of 因為,由于 e up 走近;上來;提出 3.be based on 以……為基礎(chǔ) 4.at present 現(xiàn)在,目前 5.make use of 利用;使用 6.such as 例如……;像這種的 7.play a part (in) 扮演一個角色;參與,,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,1.現(xiàn)在英語在南亞也被當作外語或者第二語言。 English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia. 2.信不信由你,(世界上)沒有什么標準英語。 Believe it or not,there is no such thing as standard English. 3.這是因為在早期的電臺節(jié)目里,人們期望新聞播音員所說的英語是最好的英語。 This is because in the early days of radio,those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English. 4.美國是一個使用多種方言的大國。 The USA is a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.,,,,,,Later in the 17th century,people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because 1.of that,English began to be spoken in many other countries. Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.Actually all languages change and develop 2.gradually(gradual) when cultures meet and communicate with each other.At first the English spoken in England was very different 3.from the English spoken today.It 4.was based(base) more on German than the English we speak 5.at present.Then,the new settlers who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.They also 6.enriched(enrich) the English language and especially its vocabulary.By the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make 7.use(usage) of a wider vocabulary than ever before.Finally by the 19th century,two big changes happened.A separate identity to American English 8.spelling(spell) was settled. Today English is 9.spoken(speak) as a foreign or second language in many countries.The number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly and they can speak English 10.fluently(fluent).,,,,,,,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?base vt.以……為根據(jù) n.基部;基地;基礎(chǔ) It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.當時的英語更多地是以德語為基礎(chǔ)的,而現(xiàn)在我們所說的英語則不是。(教材原句P10) ◆常見用法 1.base on/upon以……為基礎(chǔ),以……為根據(jù) base.on.將……建立于……之上 be based on以……為基礎(chǔ),以……為根據(jù) 2.at the base of在……腳下 Edison based his ideas on scientific experiment.愛迪生將自己的想法建立在科學實驗的基礎(chǔ)上。 This film is based on a novel by D.H.Lawrence.這部影片是根據(jù)戴維·赫伯特·勞倫斯的小說改編的。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆拓展延伸 1.basic adj.基本的 2.basis n.基礎(chǔ);根據(jù) on the basis of根據(jù),以……為基礎(chǔ) We drew this conclusion on the basis of experiments.我們是在實驗的基礎(chǔ)上得出這個結(jié)論的。 ◆現(xiàn)學活用 單句填空 1.This international language is based on the sounds of English. 2.He was hired by the boss on the basis(base) of his 10 years’ experience.,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?latter adj.較后的,后半的,(兩者中)后者的 The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.后者體現(xiàn)了美國英語拼寫的不同特色。(教材原句P10) This latter point was of great importance.后面這點極為重要。 ◆拓展延伸 1.late adj.遲的,晚的 adv.晚,遲 early or late 遲早 2.latest adj.最新的,最近的 lately(=recently) adv.最近,近來 3.later adj.后來的;較晚的 adv.后來;較晚地 sooner or later 遲早 no later than不遲于 later on以后,后來,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現(xiàn)學活用 用late,latter,lately或latest填空 1.The workers in the south often go to work early and leave off late. 2.Of the two,the latter is far better than the former. 3.A British car company was about to sell its latest type of car in Germany. 4.The old palace has lately been rebuilt.,,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?command n.命令,指令;掌握 vt.命令;指揮;支配 In English you use a command or a request when you want someone to do something.在英語中當你想讓某人做某事時,你(可以)使用“命令”或“請求”。(教材原句P12) ◆常見用法 1.give a command 發(fā)布命令 take command of 控制……;指揮…… be in command of在……的指揮下 under one’s command由某人指揮 have a good command of精通;掌握 at one’s command聽從某人的支配 mand sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事 command that sb.(should) do sth.命令某人應該做某事,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,He has a hundred men under his command.他指揮一百個人。 The police commanded the thief to stop.警察命令小偷停下來。 Our boss commanded that we all should go to collect market information.老板命令我們都應該去搜集市場信息。 He is not fit to command others that cannot command himself.正人先正己。 ◆特別提醒 command引導的賓語從句中,謂語動詞用“(should)+動詞原形”,構(gòu)成虛擬語氣。 有類似用法的動詞還有:order,suggest,advise,ask,require,request,urge,demand,insist等。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現(xiàn)學活用 用command的相關(guān)短語的適當形式完成句子 1.警察到場并控制了局勢。 The police arrived and took command of the situation. 2.除了英語外,他還精通俄語。 Apart from English,he also has a good command of Russian.,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?request n.需要 make a request for sth.需要某物 2.request sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事 request sth.from sb.向某人索要某物 request that sb.(should) do sth.要求某人做某事,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,I requested him to come before ten.我要求他十點以前來。 The workers out of work made a request for help.那些下崗工人請求得到幫助。 My parents requested that I (should) learn a second foreign language.我的父母要求我學一門第二外語。 ◆特別提醒 request后接從句時,謂語動詞應用“should+動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu),should可以省略。 有類似用法的動詞:一個“渴望”(desire),兩個“命令”(command,order),三個“建議”(advise,suggest,recommend),四個“要求”(ask,demand,request,require)。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆詞義辨析 1.request為正式用詞,指非常正式、有禮貌的請求或懇求。 We requested that the meeting (should) be held on Friday.我們請求周五召開會議。 2.demand 一般指理直氣壯地提出強烈的要求,或堅持不讓對方拒絕的要求。 The policeman demanded that the girl (should) tell him everything she knew.那個警察要求那個女孩告訴自己她所知道的每一件事。 3.require 強調(diào)因事物的內(nèi)在必要性所引起的迫切需要或根據(jù)法規(guī)義務、緊急形勢等而提出的要求。 The urgency of the situation requires that we (should) make an immediate decision.局勢緊急,我們需要立即做出決定。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現(xiàn)學活用 單句改錯 1.The newly-founded chess club formally requested us to attending the opening ceremony.(attending改為attend) 2.Mr Paine made request that I should help him.(在request前加a) 3.He requested that the error must be corrected.(must改為should),,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?expression n.詞語;表示,表達;表情 When people use words and expressions different from the “standard language”,it is called a dialect.當人們用不同于“標準語言”的詞語時,那就叫作方言。(教材原句P13) I sent them flowers as an expression of thanks.我給他們送去鮮花表示感謝。 There was no expression on her face.她臉上毫無表情。 ◆常見用法 beyond expression無法形容 The scenery was beautiful beyond expression.那景色妙不可言。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆拓展延伸 express vt.表達,表示;快遞 n.快車;快遞 express oneself表達自己 I wish to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to you again.我希望借此機會再一次向大家表示衷心的感謝。 Important documents will be sent by express.重要文件會以快遞寄出。 Learning to express oneself well is an important part of education.學會清楚地表達自己是教育的一個重要組成部分。 ◆現(xiàn)學活用 用express的適當形式填空 1.The musician expresses/expressed her sorrow in her music. 2.“Shut up” is not a polite expression. 3.The expression on his face told me that he was angry.,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?recognize vt.辨認出;承認;公認 Although many Americans move a lot,they still recognize and understand each other’s dialects.盡管很多美國人經(jīng)常搬遷,但是他們?nèi)匀荒軌虮鎰e并理解彼此的方言。(教材原句P13) I recognized Peter although I hadn’t seen him for 10 years.雖然我有10年沒看到彼得了,但我還是認出了他。 ◆常見用法 recognize sb.to be 承認某人是 recognize that.承認…… recognize.by/from.由……認出…… be recognized as.被公認為……,被認為是…… It is recognized that.人們公認……,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,I recognize that I have been wrong.我承認我錯了。 The film is now recognized as a classic.這是一部公認的經(jīng)典影片。 It is recognized that Comrade Deng Xiaoping was the chief designer of China’s Reform and Opening.鄧小平同志是人們公認的中國改革開放的總設(shè)計師。 ◆拓展延伸 recognition n.承認;識別;認可 out of/beyond recognition面目全非 The actor soon won recognition from the public.那個男演員很快得到了大眾的認可。 ◆現(xiàn)學活用 用recognize的適當形式填空 1.Alexander tried to get his work recognized in the medical circles. 2.According to the article,some animals have the gift of facial recognition.,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?because of因為,由于 .and because of that,English began to be spoken in many other countries.……并且因為這一點,許多別的國家開始說英語了。(教材原句P9) Because of the storm,he didn’t go there.因為有暴風雨,所以他沒有去那兒。 ◆拓展延伸 與because of意思相近的短語有: due to由于 thanks to多虧;由于 owing to由于 as a result of作為……的結(jié)果;由于 on account of因為,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆詞義辨析 1.because是從屬連詞,引導原因狀語從句。 I didn’t mention it because I was afraid of upsetting him.我沒有提起那件事,因為我怕他心煩意亂。 2.because of是介詞短語,后接名詞、代詞、V-ing形式或賓語從句。 They didn’t climb the mountain because of the rain.因為下雨,所以他們沒有爬山。 ◆現(xiàn)學活用 用because或because of填空 1.The Italian boy was regarded as a hero because he gave his life for his country. 2.The open-air celebration has been put off because of the bad weather.,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?come up走近;上來;發(fā)生;長出;提出 Yes.I’d like to come up to your apartment.好的。我很樂意到你的公寓去。(教材原句P10) I could hear footsteps coming up behind me.我聽見身后的腳步聲越來越近。 I’ll let him know if anything comes up.如果有什么事,我會告訴他的。 A number of questions came up at the meeting.會議上許多問題被提出來了。 ◆拓展延伸 come about發(fā)生,出現(xiàn),產(chǎn)生 come true實現(xiàn) come up with提出;想出 come across偶遇;被理解 come down下降;失勢 come on快點;加油 come out出來;出版;泄露,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆特別提醒 come up意為“(問題、建議或方案等)被提出”時,為不及物動詞短語,其主語通常為物,無被動語態(tài);come up with意為“提出”時,為及物動詞短語,主語通常為人,賓語則為表示建議、計劃、方案等的名詞。 ◆現(xiàn)學活用 用come的相關(guān)短語的適當形式填空 1.The magazine comes out once a month. 2.The wish of fully utilizing the natural resources will eventually come true. 3.Perhaps I shall come across him in London.,,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?make use of利用,使用 So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.因此,到十七世紀,莎士比亞所用的詞匯量比以前任何時期都多。(教材原句P10) ◆常見用法 make good use of好好利用 make full use of 充分利用 make the best (use) of充分利用 We will make good use of our time.我們將好好利用我們的時間。 ◆拓展延伸 make the most of 充分利用,盡量利用 take advantage of利用,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現(xiàn)學活用 用make use of的適當形式完成句子 1.她充分利用她所見到的人們作為她的小說素材。 She makes full use of people she meets as raw material for her fiction. 2.科技是靈活的,利用它的方式?jīng)]有固定的套路。 Technology is flexible.There is no fixed way of making use of it.,,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,?play a part (in) 在……中扮演一個角色;參與;在……中起作用 Geography also plays a part in making dialects.地理位置對方言的產(chǎn)生也有影響。(教材原句P13) He has played an important part in carrying through the whole plan.他在整個計劃的實行中起了重要作用。 ◆拓展延伸 play an important part/role in.在……中起重要作用 play/act the part of sb.=play/act the role of sb.(在……中)扮演某人的角色 play the leading role主演;起帶頭作用 take part in參與,參加 for the most part多半;在很大程度上 for one’s part就某人而言,對某人來說,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆易錯警示 表示“(在劇中)扮演某個角色”時,role或part前要加定冠詞the。 ◆現(xiàn)學活用 單句改錯 1.Thank you for everyone who has played part in saving the little girl.(在played后加a) 2.He plays a role of a police in the film.(第一個a改為the),,,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,This is because.這是因為…… This is because in the early days of radio,those who reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.這是因為在早期的電臺節(jié)目里,人們期望新聞播音員所說的英語是最好的英語。(教材原句P13) 此句中的because引導的是一個表語從句,而此表語從句中又包含一個定語從句who reported the news修飾先行詞those。 He is becoming fatter and fatter.This is because he eats a lot of sweet food.他越來越胖。這是因為他喜歡吃大量的甜食。 ◆特別提醒 如果前面的句子表示原因,后面的句子表示結(jié)果,則后面的句子可以使用This is why.的句型結(jié)構(gòu)。 He eats a lot of sweet food.This is why he is becoming fatter and fatter.他吃大量的甜食,這就是他越來越胖的原因。,重點短語,重點句型,重點單詞,◆現(xiàn)學活用 單句改錯 1.She begins to study hard.This is why the final exam is around the corner.(why改為because) 2.I broke his cellphone.This is because he got angry with me.(because改為why),,,一、單句填空 1.(2015·江蘇高考改編)He was actually a published author,and he was (current) working on a new book. 1.currently。此處應用副詞作狀語。 2.(2015·安徽高考改編)Some people avoid small talk because they (like) discussing things like traffic or weather. 2.dislike。句意:很多人避免寒暄,因為他們不喜歡談論像交通和天氣這樣的話題。根據(jù)句意及avoid可知,空處意為“不喜歡”,故填like的反義詞dislike。 3.(2015·陜西高考改編)It was a very (luck) dog.She survived because of a plentiful supply of fresh water. 3.lucky。此處應用形容詞作定語修飾名詞dog。 4.(2014·天津高考改編)The inventing finally completed,test runs were made in Ottawa,and the LongPen was (official) launched at the 2006 London Book Fair. 4.officially。修飾謂語動詞要用official的副詞形式officially。,5.(2014·四川高考改編)And their answers should be based on gestures,body language and facial (express). 5.expressions。此空作賓語,且被形容詞facial修飾,故用名詞形式。主語是their answers,故用復數(shù)形式。 6.(2014·浙江高考改編)We most prefer to say yes to the (request) of someone we know and like. 6.requests。由空格前的冠詞和空格后的介詞并結(jié)合語境可知空格處應填名詞復數(shù)。 7.(2014·湖北高考改編)Is this your necklace,Mary?I came it when I was cleaning the bathroom this morning. 7.across。固定搭配come across“偶然發(fā)現(xiàn),遇見”。 8.(2014·北京高考改編)The film star wears sunglasses.Therefore,he can go shopping without (recognize). 8.being recognized。影星戴太陽鏡是為了在購物時不被別人認出來。介詞without后需用動名詞的被動式。,9.(2012·江蘇高考改編) (base) an important decision more on emotion than on reason,you will regret it sooner or later. 9.Basing。句意:把一個重要的決定更多地建立在情感基礎(chǔ)上,而不是以理性思考為基礎(chǔ),你遲早會后悔的。此處動詞base與其邏輯主語you之間構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系,所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。 10.(2012·湖南高考改編)It was not until I came here I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather. 10.that。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,此句是一個強調(diào)句,其結(jié)構(gòu)為“It is/was.that.”,被強調(diào)的部分是not until I came here。,二、單元話題微寫作 英語學習 根據(jù)提示,將以下句子連成一篇英語短文。 1.英語是一種國際性語言,學好它可以讓我們很好地與不同地區(qū)的人們交流。(have access to;people of various areas) 2.首先,學以致用是語言學習的根本原則。(principle;serve the purpose) 3.大量的練習是基礎(chǔ)。另外,有個好老師也是關(guān)鍵。 (hold the key to) 4.要時刻保持對英語的濃厚興趣。(keep an interest in) Nowadays,English is an international language,and learning it well can allow us to have access to communicating with people of various areas.First of all,we must adhere to the principle of making study serve the practical purpose.Besides,practicing a lot can lay a solid foundation for it.An excellent teacher also holds the key to your success,for he/she can instruct you on how to learn English more effectively.Keeping an interest in English really matters!,