Unit 2 Working the land,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,1.strugglevi.除去,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,10.freedomn.自由;自主 freeadj.自由的 11.thereforeadv.因此,所以;因而 12.equipvt.配備,裝備 equipmentn.設(shè)備,裝備;器材 13.exportvt.居住,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,16.confusevt.使迷惑;使為難 confusedadj.困惑的;混亂的 confusingadj.使人困惑的 17.regretvt.遺憾,惋惜;后悔n.遺憾;懊悔 regretfuladj.后悔的;抱歉的;遺憾的 regretfullyadv.懊悔地;抱歉地 regretlessadj.無悔的;沒有遺憾的 18.chemicaladj.化學(xué)的,關(guān)于化學(xué)的 chemistryn.化學(xué) 19.productionn.生產(chǎn),制造 producevt.生產(chǎn),制造 20.bacterian.(bacterium的復(fù)數(shù)形式)細(xì)菌,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,21.discoveryn.發(fā)現(xiàn),發(fā)覺 discovervt.發(fā)現(xiàn),發(fā)覺 22.focusn.焦點(diǎn);中心點(diǎn) vt.集中;聚集 23.reducevt.減少,減縮 reductionn.減少;降低 24.rootn.根;根源 25.skimvt.瀏覽,略讀 mentn.評(píng)論;議論 vi.表達(dá)意見;做出評(píng)論 vt.評(píng)論,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,1.thanks to 幸虧;由于,因?yàn)?2.rid.of 使擺脫或除去 3.be satisfied with 對(duì)感到滿意 4.would rather 寧愿,寧可 5.build up 逐漸增強(qiáng);建立;開發(fā) 6.lead to 導(dǎo)致;造成(后果) 7.focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于 8.keep.free from/of 使免受(影響、傷害等);使不含(有害物),重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,1.這種特殊的稻種使得同樣的田地多收獲20%的產(chǎn)量。 This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields. 2.用他的雜交水稻(種子),農(nóng)民們種出的糧食比以前多了一倍。 Using his hybrid rice,farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before. 3.他寧愿把時(shí)間花在自己的業(yè)余愛好上。 He would much rather keep time for his hobbies. 4.然而,最近科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)長期使用這些肥料會(huì)造成土地受損,甚至更危險(xiǎn)的是,會(huì)對(duì)人們的健康造成危害。 Recently,however,scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and,even more dangerous,to peoples health.,Yuan Longping,a famous scientist,considers 1.himself (he) a farmer.His 2.sunburnt(sunburn) face and arms indeed are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers,for whom he 3.has struggled(struggle) for the past five decades.In 1973,he became the first in the world to grow rice that has a high output,4.which makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same 5.fields(field). Hunger was a 6.disturbing(disturb) problem in the past in many parts of the countryside.Yuan Longping decided to search for a way 7.to increase(increase) rice harvests without 8.expanding(expand) the area of the fields.He succeeded 9.eventually(eventual).He is now circulating his knowledge in other countries.Thanks to his research,the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world 10.of hunger.,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,struggle vi.拼搏,努力 Indeed,his sunburnt face and arms and his slim,strong body are just like those of millions of Chinese farmers,for whom he has struggled for the past five decades.的確,他那被太陽曬得黝黑的臉龐和手臂,以及他那瘦削而又結(jié)實(shí)的身體,就跟其他千百萬的中國農(nóng)民一樣,過去50年來,他一直在努力幫助他們。(教材原句P10) 常見用法 struggle for為而斗爭 struggle with 與做斗爭,同搏斗 struggle against 為反對(duì)而斗爭 struggle to ones feet掙扎著站起來 struggle to do sth.努力做某事,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,The two leaders are struggling for power.那兩個(gè)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人正在爭奪權(quán)力。 We still have to struggle with all kinds of difficulties.我們?nèi)孕韬头N種困難做斗爭。 She is struggling to seize the only chance to survive.她正努力抓住這唯一的救命稻草。 現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句填空 1.Bravely,Mary struggled to her feet,and fought against the wind and rain beating against her. 2.Dina,having struggled(struggle) for months to find a job as a waitress,finally took a position at a local advertising agency.,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,hunger n.饑餓;欲望 vt.渴望的 go hungry 挨餓,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句填空 1.After the long journey,the three of them went back home,hungry(hunger) and tired. 2.In addition,many adult penguins die of hunger(hungry).,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,equip vt.配備,裝備 He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.于是他拿出好幾百萬元幫助其他人進(jìn)行農(nóng)業(yè)科學(xué)研究。(教材原句P10) 常見用法 equip.with.用裝備 equip.for sth./to do sth.為了而裝備 We equip our children with a good education.我們讓孩子們接受良好的教育。 Your education will equip you for a job.你所受的教育將使你具備就業(yè)的能力。 拓展延伸 equipment n.U裝備,設(shè)備 a piece of equipment一件設(shè)備,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用equip的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.His evening study has equipped him for a career as a teacher. 2.We have a hospital with advanced equipment.,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,confuse vt.使迷惑;使為難 It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students.再解釋一遍很重要,不然的話會(huì)使學(xué)生迷惑的。(教材原句P13) 常見用法 confuse A with/and B 分不清A和B confuse black and white混淆黑白;分不清兩物之間的不同 confuse sb.with sth.某事讓某人困惑 be confused by 被弄混/弄糊涂 Be careful not to confuse quantity with quality.注意不要把“quantity”與“quality”混淆了。 They confused me with conflicting accounts of what happened.他們對(duì)發(fā)生的事情所做的陳述自相矛盾,使我困惑不解。,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,拓展延伸 1.confused adj.混亂的;迷惑的(表示人的內(nèi)心感受) be confused about 對(duì)感到困惑 2.confusing adj.難以理解的,令人費(fèi)解的(表示事物的狀態(tài)) 詞義辨析 1.confuse表示令人頭腦混亂或異常驚訝,有時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)事情的混亂。 Drivers are confused by the new traffic lights.司機(jī)們被新的交通信號(hào)燈搞糊涂了。 2.puzzle指事物不能解釋,令人感到迷惑,比confuse語氣輕。 Im puzzled about the situation.我對(duì)形勢感到迷惑不解。 現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用confuse或puzzle的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.The sisters always confuse me:they look so alike. 2.The womans illness puzzled the doctor.He couldnt find the cause.,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,regret vt.后悔;遺憾,惋惜 n.遺憾;懊悔 常見用法 1.regret to do sth.遺憾去做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做過某事 2.to ones regret 令某人遺憾的是 with great regret 非常遺憾 have no regrets 沒有遺憾,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,I regret to say I can not come.我遺憾地告訴你我不能來。 I regret spending so much money on a computer.我后悔花了這么多錢買這臺(tái)電腦。 Much to my regret,I am unable to accept your invitation.我很抱歉,我不能接受你的邀請。 We heard with great regret that you had failed the examination.得知你考試不及格,我們深感惋惜。 拓展延伸 regretful adj.后悔的;抱歉的;惋惜的,遺憾的 regretfully adv.懊悔地;抱歉地 regretless adj.無悔的,不后悔的;沒有遺憾的,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.I regret to tell(tell) you that I wont be able to attend the ceremony. 2.How I regretted having wasted(waste) so much time playing before! 3.Surprisingly,she didnt feel regretful(regret) about her actions.,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,comment n.評(píng)論;議論 vi.表達(dá)意見;做出評(píng)論 vt.評(píng)論 Swap summaries with your partner and give each other comments.和你的同伴交換摘要并互相評(píng)價(jià)。(教材原句P15) 常見用法 1.make comments on/about.對(duì)發(fā)表評(píng)論 no comment 無可奉告,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,ment on/upon.對(duì)做出評(píng)論;就表達(dá)意見 comment that.評(píng)論 He made no comments on our proposal.他對(duì)我們的建議沒有作評(píng)論。 Will you resign,Minister?部長,你是要辭職嗎? No comment!無可奉告。 I commented on his actions and speech without any prejudice.我評(píng)論他的行為、言論絲毫不帶偏見。 現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句填空 1.Ford made favorable comments on the talks held yesterday. 2.He commented(comment) that it was an excellent film. 3.Do you have any comment/comments(comment)to make on the recent developments?,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,rid.of 使擺脫;除去 Thanks to his research,the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger.多虧了他的研究,聯(lián)合國在消除世界饑餓的戰(zhàn)斗中有了更多的方法。(教材原句P10) 常見用法 rid sb.of sth.使某人擺脫某物 rid oneself of sb./sth.使自己從中解脫 get rid of擺脫;丟棄,扔掉 He has gone,and Im glad to be rid of him.他走了,而我很高興擺脫了他。 The man rid himself of debt.這個(gè)男人還清了債務(wù)。 We must get rid of this bad style.我們必須摒棄這種不良作風(fēng)。,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句改錯(cuò) 1.The owner need to rid of the car for financial reasons.(在rid前加be) 2.As he was getting onto the stage,Dan closed his eyes and took a deep breath to rid himself off his fears.(off改為of),重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,be satisfied with 對(duì)感到滿意 Yuan Longping is quite satisfied with his life.袁隆平很滿足于他的生活。(教材原句P10) 拓展延伸 1.satisfy vt.& vi.(使)滿足,(使)滿意 satisfy ones needs/demands滿足某人的需要 satisfy sb.with sth.使某人滿足于某事 2.satisfaction n.滿足,滿意 to sb.s satisfaction=to the satisfaction of sb.令某人滿意的是 with satisfaction 滿意地 feel satisfaction at/in對(duì)感到滿意,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,We must satisfy the peoples needs/demands.我們必須滿足人民的需要。 We always satisfy our customers with good service.我們總是以良好的服務(wù)來滿足顧客。 To the teachers satisfaction,he answered all the questions correctly.讓老師滿意的是,他正確地回答了所有的問題。 現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句填空 1.Nick is looking for another job because he feels that nothing he does satisfies(satisfy) his former boss. 2.I am satisfied with your explanation.,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,would rather 寧愿,寧可 He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.他寧愿把時(shí)間花在自己的業(yè)余愛好上。(教材原句P10) 常見用法 would rather do sth.寧愿做某事 would rather do.than do.=would do.rather than do.寧愿而不愿;與其倒不如 would rather (that) sb.did.寧愿某人做某事(表示希望與現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼氖聦?shí)相反) would rather (that) sb.had done.寧愿某人做過某事(表示希望與過去的事實(shí)相反) would rather have done本來想做(而實(shí)際上沒有做),重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,I would rather solve my problems alone,whatever they may be.不管是什么問題,我寧愿獨(dú)自解決它們。 I would rather stay at home than go shopping on such humid day.在這樣潮濕的天氣里,我寧愿待在家里,也不愿去購物。 Rather than refuse to help you,I would borrow money from my friends.我寧可向朋友借錢,也不愿拒絕幫助你。 Id rather you hadnt told him the news that day.我真希望你那天沒有把這個(gè)消息告訴他。 現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句改錯(cuò) 1.I would rather you come tomorrow rather than today.(come改為came) 2.He would rather stay at home than to go out for a walk.(刪除to),重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,lead to 導(dǎo)致;造成(后果);通向 Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.很多化學(xué)成分能導(dǎo)致癌癥或其他疾病。(教材原句P14) 拓展延伸 1.lead sb.to do sth.帶領(lǐng)某人做某事 lead sb.in doing sth.帶領(lǐng)某人做某事 lead sb.by the nose牽著某人的鼻子走;完全控制某人 lead the way率先 lead a.life過著生活 2.in the lead領(lǐng)先 take the lead領(lǐng)先,帶頭,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,The news leads me to believe that they will come.這消息使我相信他們會(huì)來的。 And the prince and the princess led a happy life ever after.從此,王子和公主過上了幸福的生活。 Its up to someone to take the lead in condemning these injustices.得靠某人帶個(gè)頭來譴責(zé)這些不公正的行為。 現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空 1.We firmly believe that war never settles anything.It only leads to violence. 2.Our Party leads us in building socialism.,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,focus on 集中(注意力、精力等)于 They focus on keeping their soil rich and free of disease.他們關(guān)心的是保持土壤肥沃且免受病害。(教材原句P14) 拓展延伸 1.focus ones attention/thoughts/efforts on集中注意力/思想/努力于 the focus of attention關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn) 2.意思相近的其他短語 fix ones thoughts/attention on/upon 全神貫注于 concentrate on/upon 全神貫注于 pay attention to 注意 be absorbed in專心于 be buried in 專心于 be lost in全神貫注于,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,apply oneself to專心,致力于 devote.to獻(xiàn)身于;全身心地投入 Please focus your minds on the following problems.請集中考慮以下問題。 Her beauty makes her the focus of attention.她的美貌使她成為眾人的焦點(diǎn)。 現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空 1.The old man was lost in thoughts and did not hear us come in. 2.I want to devote my all to what I am doing now.,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,keep.free from/of 使免受(影響、傷害等);使不含(有害物) This also keeps the air,soil,water and crops free from chemicals.這也能使空氣、土壤、水和農(nóng)作物免受化學(xué)物質(zhì)的污染。(教材原句P14) 拓展延伸 keep away from.避開;不接近 keep off (使)不接近;擋開 keep up with 跟上,不落后 keep.out of使不進(jìn)入;使置身事外 keep.in mind 記住,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,Children should be kept away from the river.不要讓孩子們靠近這條河。 They dont think they must keep up with their neighbors.他們認(rèn)為不必和鄰居比排場。 The cook keeps everybody out of kitchen while he is working.廚師干活時(shí),不讓任何人進(jìn)入廚房。 現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~或副詞填空 1.These fires would keep the homes warm and free from evil spirits. 2.Mary tends to keep away from people who try to be friendly too suddenly.,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,make it+adj./n.+to do sth.句型 This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.這種特殊的稻種使得同樣的田地多收獲20%的產(chǎn)量。(教材原句P10) “make it+adj./n.+to do sth.”意為“使做某事”。it是形式賓語,真正的賓語是后面的動(dòng)詞不定式。形容詞或名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 Trains and buses make it easy to go on a trip.火車和公共汽車使人們旅行起來很方便。 Make it a habit to look aroundyoull be surprised at what youve been missing.養(yǎng)成環(huán)視四周的習(xí)慣你將為你所錯(cuò)過的感到驚訝!,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,拓展延伸 有類似用法的動(dòng)詞還有find,feel,think,consider等,構(gòu)成“find/feel/think/consider it+adj./n.+不定式短語”句式。 We found it not difficult to translate it into English.我們發(fā)現(xiàn)把它譯成英語并不困難。 She thought it her duty to take care of the baby.她認(rèn)為照顧嬰兒是她的職責(zé)。 現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句改錯(cuò) 1.He didnt make clear when and where the meeting would be held.(在make后加it) 2.I find it difficult to making myself understood.(making改為make),重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,倍數(shù)表達(dá)法 Using his hybrid rice,farmers are producing harvests twice as large as before.用他的雜交水稻(種子),農(nóng)民們種出的糧食比以前多了一倍。(教材原句P10) 表達(dá)倍數(shù)的常見句式如下: 1.倍數(shù)+as+形容詞/副詞的原級(jí)+as. This river is twice as long as that one.這條河是那條河的兩倍長。 2.倍數(shù)+形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)+than. The car runs twice faster than that truck.這輛小車的速度比那輛卡車快兩倍。 3.倍數(shù)+the size/height/length/depth.+of. This mountain is four times the height of that hill.這座山的高度是那座小山的四倍。,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,4.形容詞/副詞的比較級(jí)+than.+by+倍數(shù) The line is longer than that one by twice.這條線是那條線的兩倍長。 現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 單句改錯(cuò) 1.After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced tractors in 1988 twice many as the year before.(在many前加as) 2.The earth is 49 times size of the moon.(在size前加the),重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,have been doing 現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí) Recently,however,scientists have been finding that long-term use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and,even more dangerous,to peoples health.然而,最近科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)長期使用這些肥料會(huì)造成土地受損,甚至更危險(xiǎn)的是,會(huì)對(duì)人們的健康造成危害。(教材原句P14) 句中的have been finding是現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí),表示動(dòng)作從過去某個(gè)時(shí)間開始,一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,并將持續(xù)下去。 The Chinese have been making paper for two thousand years.中國有2000年的造紙歷史。 I have been writing a book.我一直在寫一本書。,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.Weve spent too much money recently. Well,it isnt surprising.Our friends and relatives have been coming(come) around all the time. 2.Tom have been working(work) in the library every night over the last three months.,一、單句填空 1.(2015·新課標(biāo)全國卷改編)Warm colors like yellow make food appear more appetizing,while cold colors make us feel (hunger). 1.less hungry?？涨坝邢祫?dòng)詞feel,故空處用形容詞作表語;又結(jié)合語境可知,句中將冷色調(diào)與暖色調(diào)進(jìn)行了對(duì)比,故用形容詞的比較級(jí)。 2.(2014·新課標(biāo)全國卷改編)With its focus divided,the lion becomes (confuse) and is unsure about what to do next. 2.confused。become是系動(dòng)詞,故其后用形容詞confused“困惑的”作表語。 3.We hold these truths to be self-evident: that all men are created (equal) and should be treated (equal). 3.equal;equally。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,第一空作主語補(bǔ)足語,修飾主語all men,故填形容詞equal;第二空修飾謂語be treated,應(yīng)填副詞equally。句意:我們認(rèn)為下面這些真理是不言而喻的:人人生而平等,享受平等待遇。,4.(2014·四川高考改編)The manager was (satisfy) to see many new products developed after great effort. 4.satisfied。be satisfied to do“對(duì)做滿意”。 5.(2014·上海高考改編)Your brain will come to see the workout itself the reward. 5.as。see.as.為固定搭配,意為“將看作”。句意:你的大腦將會(huì)將鍛煉本身視為一種獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)。 6.(2013·湖北高考改編)At that point,I understood that nothing I wrote could ever match or replace the few seconds I allowed myself to experience the (dramatic) beauty of the valley. 6.dramatic?？仗幮揎椕~beauty,故填形容詞dramatic“給人深刻印象的”。 7.(2013·陜西高考改編)A birdwatcher,armed with a telescope,found the pet sitting_ (desperate) on a rock. 7.desperately?？仗幮揎梽?dòng)詞sitting,應(yīng)用副詞。desperately“絕望地”。,8.(2012·北京高考改編)Jerry did not regret the comment but felt that he could have expressed it differently. 8.giving。句意:Jerry不后悔給出評(píng)論,但是覺得自己本來可以用不同的方式來表達(dá)。regret doing sth.“后悔做過某事”。 9.George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but Id rather he _ (focus) more on its culture. 9.focused。句意:喬治將要談到他們國家的地理,可是我寧愿他多關(guān)注文化。would rather后的從句應(yīng)用虛擬語氣,謂語用動(dòng)詞的過去式,表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)淼氖聦?shí)相反。 10.(2011·廣東高考改編)After while I rose from my seat and walked to the front of the bus. 10.a。句意:不久,我從座位上站起來,走到公交車的前面。after a while“不久,一會(huì)之后”。,二、單元話題微寫作 疾病 根據(jù)提示,將以下句子連成一篇英語短文。 1.在過去30年,艾滋病已經(jīng)成為在全球蔓延的流行病,引起了公眾的關(guān)注。(epidemic;a cause for concern) 2.中國政府充分意識(shí)到其危害性,已經(jīng)采取了很多措施。(be aware of;take measures) 3.例如,建立并且改善疾病預(yù)防體系,給窮困的艾滋病人免費(fèi)發(fā)放藥品。(establish) 4.總之,我們相信一定有辦法消滅這種疾病。(have faith;stop sth.in its tracks),AIDS has been a widespread epidemic for over 30 years,making it a cause for public concern across the world.The Chinese government is well aware of the problem and many effective measures have been taken to fight against it,for example:establishing and improving a disease prevention system,delivering medicine to poor AIDS patients for free.All in all,we have faith that there will be solutions to stopping AIDS in its tracks.,