Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,1.alternativen.可能的選擇adj.供選擇的;其他的 2.starvation n.挨餓;餓死 starve vi.挨餓;餓死 3.accuracy n.精確,準(zhǔn)確 accurate adj.準(zhǔn)確的,精確的 4.interrupt vt.注視,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,7.sharpen vt.簡(jiǎn)陋的 10.botanyn.植物學(xué) botanicaladj.植物學(xué)的 11.analysisn.分析 analyses(pl.) analyze/analysevt.分析 12.ripenvt.使成熟 vi.成熟 ripeadj.成熟的,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,13.significancen.意義;重要性 significantadj.有意義的;重要的 14.somehowadv.以方式;不知怎么地 15.systematic adj.有系統(tǒng)的;有計(jì)劃的;有條理的 system n.系統(tǒng);體系;制度 16.spit vt.吐出(唾液、食物等) vi.吐痰 spat/spit (過去式) spat/spit (過去分詞) 17.receptionist n.接待員;招待員 reception n.接待;招待會(huì);接待處 18.division n.劃分,分配;分界線 divide vt.分割;分配,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,19.applaud vt.熟練地,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,1.regardless of 不管,不顧 2.at most 至多,最多 3.cut up 切碎 4.be fed up with 受夠了;飽受;厭煩 5.look ahead 向前看;為將來打算 6.date back (to.) 追溯(到),重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,1.你們想必都很清楚,正是在這個(gè)地方,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)了居住在世界上這個(gè)部分最早人類的證據(jù)。 You must be aware that its here that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world. 2.要是能像去年那樣有多好呀! If only it could be just like last year! 3.快到達(dá)目的地的時(shí)候,一陣香氣撲鼻,她不往前走了,停了下來。 She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped. 4.她突然坐了下去,結(jié)果被她那又笑又嚷的妹妹盧娜一把抱了起來。 Abruptly she sat down,only to be scooped up by her laughing,shouting sister,Luna.,A group of students from England has come to the Zhou-koudian caves for a visit.1.An archaeologist is showing them round.Archaeologists have been excavating here for many years.They 2.have found(find) human and animal bones in those caves higher up the hill as well as tools and other objects,3.so they think it reasonable to assume some of the 4.earliest(early) people lived in these caves,regardless of the cold.They have also discovered fireplaces in the centre of the caves,5.which would have kept them warm,cooked the food and scared wild 6.beasts(beast) away. The evidence suggests that our ancestors did wear clothes made from animal skins and that they 7.really(real) cared about their 8.appearance(appear) as we do.The archaeologist shows the students a primitive necklace 9.preserved(preserve) quite well.Perhaps it was because there was trade 10.between early peoples or they traveled to the seaside on their journeys that the seashells got here.,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,alternative adj.供選擇的;其他的 n.可能的選擇;選擇對(duì)象 Can you think of the alternatives we would use today?你能想到我們今天使用的(這些物品的)替代品嗎?(教材原句P37) Do you have an alternative solution to the problem?你有沒有別的辦法來解決這個(gè)問題? 常見用法 an alternative to.的替代品 have no alternative/choice but to do sth.別無選擇只好做某事 There is no alternative.別無選擇 The soldiers have no alternative but to fight till the victory.戰(zhàn)士們沒有選擇余地,只有戰(zhàn)斗下去,直至勝利。 We had to go on,because there was no (other) alternative.我們只能繼續(xù)下去,因?yàn)槲覀儧]有其他的選擇。,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 完成句子 1.對(duì)不起,我別無選擇,只好把車賣了。 Im sorry.I have no alternative but to sell the car. 2.經(jīng)理說如果他們遞交的計(jì)劃不被采納,他們還有另外一個(gè)計(jì)劃。 The manager said that they had an alternative plan if the plan they had submitted was not accepted.,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,interrupt vt.阻礙者 2.interruption n.中斷,中止 without interruption連續(xù)地,不斷地,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,Lets go somewhere where we can talk without interruption.我們?nèi)フ覀€(gè)說話不受打擾的地方吧。 詞義辨析 1.interrupt多指由于某種外界因素而停下來,中斷其連續(xù)性或?yàn)榱四撤N目的而停下來,但不表明這種停止是否會(huì)繼續(xù)下去。 Footsteps on the staircase interrupted his train of thought.樓梯上傳來的腳步聲打斷了他的思路。 2.disturb可指擾亂某人心緒而使之不安或妨礙其進(jìn)行工作,其主語多是焦慮、失望、困惑等情感因素。 His passion for games disturbed his parents.他對(duì)游戲的熱情使他的父母感到煩惱。,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用interrupt或disturb的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.Im sorry to interrupt you,but your speech has gone beyond the time limit. 2.Playing with mobile phones in class can disturb other students study.,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,assume vt.假定;設(shè)想;假裝;承擔(dān) So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves,regardless of the cold.因此我們有理由認(rèn)為他們不顧嚴(yán)寒,就住在這些洞穴里。(教材原句P38) 常見用法 assume sb./sth.to be假定/假設(shè)某人/某事為 assume that.假定/假設(shè) It is generally assumed that.人們普遍認(rèn)為 We must assume him to be innocent until he is proved guilty.在他被證實(shí)有罪之前,我們得假定他是清白的。,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,拓展延伸 1.assuming conj.假定;假如 assuming that.假設(shè)/假如 2.assumption n.假定,假設(shè) make an assumption認(rèn)為;假定 on the assumption that.假定 We can all leave together assuming (that) the others arent late.假如其他人不耽擱的話,我們大家可以一起走。 A lot of people make the assumption that poverty only exists in the Third World.許多人認(rèn)為貧困僅存在于第三世界。,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 完成句子 1.人們普遍認(rèn)為,緊張是工作過累所致。 It is generally assumed that stress is caused by too much work. 2.我原以為他是一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的人。 I assumed him to be an honest man. 3.假如其他人都同意,今天下午我們出去郊游。 We can go out for a picnic this afternoon assuming that the others agree.,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,significance n.意義;重要性 His university was aware of the significance of his work.他所在的大學(xué)意識(shí)到了他的工作的重要性。(教材原句P40) 常見用法 be of great/major significance有重大意義,非常重要 be of no significance無意義,不重要 be of little significance不太重要 attach significance to 賦予意義 It is a matter of great significance.這是一個(gè)非常重要的問題。 I attach much significance to the discovery.我很重視這一發(fā)現(xiàn)。,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,拓展延伸 significant adj.重要的;顯著的 be significant for 對(duì)很重要 It is significant that.是很顯著的,是很重要的 The result is highly significant for the future of the province.這一結(jié)果對(duì)該省的未來極為重要。 現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 完成句子 1.石油的新發(fā)現(xiàn)對(duì)這個(gè)國(guó)家的經(jīng)濟(jì)有重大意義。 The new discovery of oil is of great significance to the countrys economy. 2.很顯然,女生的考試成績(jī)一般比男生的好。 It is significant that girls generally do better in examinations than boys.,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,somehow adv.以某種方式;不知怎么地;不知為什么 Somehow he cycled thirty miles to Dr.Black because there was no alternative means of transport.因?yàn)闆]有可供選擇的其他交通方式,他只好騎30英里的車去見布萊克博士。(教材原句P40) 詞義辨析 1.somehow 意為“以某種方式,不知怎么地,不知為什么”,相當(dāng)于in a way或for a certain reason。 We must stop him from seeing her somehow.不管怎么著,我們都不能讓他見到她。 Somehow,I dont feel I can trust him.不知為什么,我覺得不能信任他。 2.somewhat意為“有點(diǎn),有幾分,頗為”,用作程度狀語,相當(dāng)于to some degree或rather。 I was somewhat surprised to see him.見到他我頗感詫異。 The situation has changed somewhat since we last met.自我們上次見面以來情況有些變化。,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,3.anyhow作“無論如何,反正”講,表示結(jié)束談話或回到原話題,相當(dāng)于anyway;作“盡管,即使這樣”講,用作讓步狀語,相當(dāng)于despite或even so。 Anyhow,lets forget about that for the moment.無論如何,咱們暫時(shí)不要再提這件事了。 The water was cold,but I took a shower anyhow.盡管水很冷,我還是沖了個(gè)淋浴。 現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用somehow,somewhat或anyhow填空 1.Do you really want to go out? I shall go out anyhow,because I dont mind the rain. 2.On the way home,he somehow got lost. 3.He concluded that Oswald was somewhat abnormal.,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,arrest vt.逮捕;吸引 n.逮捕;拘留 She had almost reached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.快到達(dá)目的地的時(shí)候,一陣香氣撲鼻,她不往前走了,停了下來。(教材原句P43) A man has been arrested in connection with the robbery.一名男子因與這樁搶劫案有關(guān)已被逮捕。 常見用法 1.arrest sb.for 因而逮捕某人 get arrested 遭逮捕 arrest ones attention 引起某人的注意,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,2.be under arrest被捕 make an arrest進(jìn)行拘捕 You could get arrested for doing that.你做那種事可能要遭逮捕。 Fifteen persons were under arrest because of the serious violence.由于暴亂,15人被捕。 現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 完成句子 1.美麗的日落吸引了我們的注意力,使我們停下來觀看。 The beautiful sunset arrested our attention,and we stopped to watch it. 2.據(jù)報(bào)道他已因搶劫商店而被捕。 It is reported that he has been arrested for robbing a store.,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,regardless of不管,不顧 (側(cè)重指不計(jì)后果和代價(jià)) So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves,regardless of the cold.因此我們有理由認(rèn)為他們不顧嚴(yán)寒,就住在這些洞穴里。(教材原句P38) They decorated the house regardless of cost.他們不惜花大價(jià)錢裝修這棟房子。 拓展延伸 1.regardless adv.不顧,不加理會(huì) regarding prep.關(guān)于,至于 regard n.考慮;注意;問候 vt.注意;考慮;尊敬 vi.注意;注視 in/with regard to 關(guān)于,至于 as regards 關(guān)于,至于 regard with對(duì)待 2.in spite of/despite不管,不顧,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,The weather was terrible but we carried on regardless.天氣非常惡劣,但我們并不理會(huì),照常進(jìn)行。 As regards environmental issues,the government will enforce existing regulations.關(guān)于環(huán)境問題,政府將執(zhí)行現(xiàn)行條例。 特別提醒 despite,regardless of和in spite of是介詞和介詞短語,后面接名詞、代詞和動(dòng)名詞;although和though是連詞,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用regardless of,although或despite填空 1.This special school accepts all disabled students,regardless of educational level and background. 2.Despite the high mountains and thick forests,the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue. 3.He often helps me with my English although he is quite busy.,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,be fed up with 受夠了;飽受;厭煩 Well,Im fed up with all the attention and.噢,我對(duì)這些關(guān)注感到厭煩(教材原句P41) 拓展延伸 1.feed on sth.以某物為食 feed sb.on/with sth.用某物喂養(yǎng)某人 feed sth.to sb.用某物喂養(yǎng)某人 2.be tired of對(duì)感到厭倦 be bored with 對(duì)厭倦 Most people feed parrots on nuts.大多數(shù)人用干果喂鸚鵡。 Feed the food to the baby in small pieces.用小塊的食物喂嬰兒。 Im tired of this boring life.我受夠了這種枯燥的生活。,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.Im fed up with waiting(wait) for her to telephone. 2.Fed(feed) up with all these traffic jams,he goes to work on foot instead of by bus.,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,look ahead 向前看;為將來打算 If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!她今年要是早有預(yù)見,計(jì)劃得更好些就好了!(教材原句P43) Everyone should look ahead and save a little money each year for his retirement.每個(gè)人都應(yīng)為將來打算,每年為退休存點(diǎn)錢。 拓展延伸 look up 仰視;查閱 look up to sb.尊敬某人,敬仰某人 look into 調(diào)查 look out當(dāng)心,留神 look through 瀏覽;查找;看穿 look sb.up and down 上下打量某人,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,look forward to 盼望,期待 look down upon 瞧不起 look on/upon.as把看作 look back on/to 回顧 The police have received the complaint,and theyre looking into it.警方已收到投訴函件,他們正在調(diào)查。 現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 根據(jù)括號(hào)中所給的漢語意思補(bǔ)全短文 I 1.have been looking forward to(盼望) seeing my husband in the past two weeks.But he has been abroad busy 2.looking into(調(diào)查) a murder with another two policemen.As a policeman,he even looks on/upon his work as life,so he 3.is looked up to(敬仰) by everyone in our town.Now I often read news about him when 4.looking through(瀏覽) newspapers.5.Looking back on/to(回顧) his job performance,how proud I am of him!,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,date back (to.)追溯(到) All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can be dated back to between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago.所有的物品都來自于三星堆的同一個(gè)挖掘點(diǎn),它們的時(shí)間可以追溯到3 000年到5 000年前。(教材原句P44) 拓展延伸 date from 追溯到,起始于 out of date 過時(shí)的 up to date 時(shí)髦的;至今,到目前為止 The custom dated from the time when men wore swords.這項(xiàng)習(xí)俗始于男人佩戴刀劍的時(shí)代。 特別提醒 date back to一般無進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài),也無被動(dòng)語態(tài)。當(dāng)談?wù)摤F(xiàn)在的一件物品時(shí),雖然該物品產(chǎn)生于過去某一時(shí)間,但時(shí)態(tài)用現(xiàn)在時(shí)。,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1.This is an old building dating(date) back to the 16th century. 2.Every day a number of tourists take pictures in front of the tower,which dates (date) back to as early as 800 years ago.,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,if only引導(dǎo)的非真實(shí)條件句 If only it could be just like last year!要是能像去年那樣有多好呀!(教材原句P43) if only意為“但愿,要是就好了”,常用來表示強(qiáng)烈的愿望或遺憾,謂語動(dòng)詞用虛擬語氣。表示與現(xiàn)在相反的愿望用一般過去時(shí),表示與過去相反的愿望用過去完成時(shí),表示與將來相反的愿望用“would/could/might+do”結(jié)構(gòu)。 If only I were better looking.要是我長(zhǎng)得再漂亮些就好了。 If only I had listened to my parents!我要是當(dāng)時(shí)聽了父母的話就好了。 If only she would go with me tomorrow!她要是愿意明天和我一道去就好了!,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,拓展延伸 only if意為“只要,只有”,引導(dǎo)真實(shí)條件句。only if位于句首時(shí),主句要部分倒裝。 Only if you do as I told you can you succeed.只有按照我說的去做,你才能成功。 現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 用if only或only if填空 1.If only Lucy were here by my side! 2.Only if you promise not to invite Mary will I come. 3.Look at the trouble I am in!If only I had followed your advice.,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,only to do.作結(jié)果狀語 Abruptly she sat down,only to be scooped up by her laughing,shouting sister,Luna.她突然坐了下去,結(jié)果被她那又笑又嚷的妹妹盧娜一把抱了起來。(教材原句P43) only to do.意為“不料卻,結(jié)果卻”,是動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語,表示出乎意料或令人失望的結(jié)果。 She hurried to the airport only to be told that the film star had left.她匆忙趕到機(jī)場(chǎng),卻被告知那位電影明星已經(jīng)離開了。 拓展延伸 不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語的區(qū)別: 動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語,表示出乎意料的結(jié)果,而用現(xiàn)在分詞作結(jié)果狀語表示自然而然的結(jié)果。另外,充當(dāng)結(jié)果狀語的現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語有時(shí)并不是句子的主語,而是整個(gè)句子或其部分內(nèi)容。,重點(diǎn)短語,重點(diǎn)句型,重點(diǎn)單詞,He hurried to the station only to find the train gone.他匆匆忙忙地趕到火車站,卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車已經(jīng)開走了。 It has rained for over ten days,causing the river to rise.下了十多天雨,致使河水上漲。 現(xiàn)學(xué)活用 完成句子 1.他移民美國(guó),留下他的父母在老家。 He has migrated to America,thus leaving his parents in hometown. 2.他上氣不接下氣地趕往公司,不料卻被告知他被開除了。 He reached the company out of breath only to be told he was fired.,一、單句填空 1.(2015·江蘇高考改編)It (assume) that those people for whom the role of volunteer was most part of their personal identity would also be most likely to continue volunteer work. 1.was assumed。It is assumed that.“人們認(rèn)為”。根據(jù)語境和從句時(shí)態(tài)可知,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài),即was assumed。 2.(2015·四川高考改編)The groundhog still didnt have a problem with me (scratch) her back. 2.scratching。句意:土撥鼠仍然不怕我去搔它的背。have a problem with (sb.) doing sth.在“方面有問題或困難”。,3.(2015·上海高考改編)It appeared on some of the first postcards,starred in some of the earliest silent movies,and was the subject of a couple of the earliest photos, (date) all the way back to the 1800s. 3.dating。句意:它出現(xiàn)在一些早期的明信片和早期的無聲電影中,也是一些最早的照片的題材,它可以一直追溯到19世紀(jì)。date back to為固定結(jié)構(gòu),意為“追溯到”,此處用其現(xiàn)在分詞形式作狀語。 4.(2015·湖北高考改編)We must act as quickly as possible now.Just tell us we can undertake the task or not. 4.whether。句意:現(xiàn)在我們必須盡快采取行動(dòng)。你就告訴我們,我們能否承擔(dān)這項(xiàng)任務(wù)吧。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,該空為whether引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。whether.or not為固定搭配,意為“是否”。 5.(2015·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷改編)The (exhibit) follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain. 5.exhibition。此處應(yīng)用名詞exhibition作主語。,6.(2015·福建高考改編)We would talk about the news of the day;no matter how (significant),it was never taken lightly. 6.insignificant。句意:我們總是會(huì)談?wù)摦?dāng)天的消息,不管這個(gè)消息有多么不重要,從不草率地對(duì)待。根據(jù)句意可知,空處意為“不重要的”,故填insignificant。 7.(2015·廣東高考改編)We tend to blame TV,he says,for problems it doesnt really cause, (overlook)our own roles in shaping childrens minds. 7.overlooking。邏輯主語We和overlook之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系,故使用現(xiàn)在分詞。 8.(2015·上海高考改編)Our life (interrupt).If we go somewhere and I ask him to have the phone at home,he suffers from withdrawal symptom. 8.has been interrupted。句意:我們的生活被影響了。如果我們?nèi)ツ硞€(gè)地方,我讓他把手機(jī)留在家里,他就出現(xiàn)斷癮癥狀。根據(jù)語境可知,空處應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí),又interrupt與our life之間為動(dòng)賓關(guān)系,故用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。,9.(2013·浙江高考改編) (hear) how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure. 9.Hearing。此處應(yīng)用動(dòng)名詞短語作主語,故填hearing。 10.The famous scientist grew up he was born and went abroad for further study. 10.where。句意:那位著名的科學(xué)家在他出生的地方長(zhǎng)大,然后出國(guó)深造。根據(jù)句意可知用where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句。,二、單元話題微寫作 考古學(xué)家 根據(jù)提示,將以下句子連成一篇英語短文。 1.布朗先生是一位考古學(xué)家,起初他厭煩他的工作。(archaeologist;be fed up with) 2.為了將來他別無選擇,盡管困難很多,他仍得加速他的研究。(look ahead;alternative;accelerate;regardless of) 3.他對(duì)原始項(xiàng)鏈做出的深刻分析吸引了全世界的注意。(acute analysis;primitive;arrest) 4.有一次,他做了一個(gè)關(guān)于“考古學(xué)和植物學(xué)”的重要報(bào)告,期間多次被聽眾的掌聲打斷。(significant;archaeology;botany;interrupt;applaud) 5.他總是說,“要是我有充足的時(shí)間,再工作20年就好了!”(if only;ample),Mr Brown is an archaeologist.At first he was fed up with his work.Looking ahead,he had no alternative but to accelerate his research,regardless of hardships.His acute analyses of primitive necklace arrested the attention of the whole world.Once he gave a significant report on Archaeology and Botany.He was interrupted many times by the applauding listeners.He always says,“If only I had ample time and worked for another 20 years!”,