專題一 名詞和冠詞,詞匯復(fù)習(xí)1(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示填入以a開頭的單詞的適當(dāng)形式,然后背誦情景,熟記以a開頭的課標(biāo)高頻詞匯。) 【情景】 Some adolescents in some academies (承認(rèn))to have been accustomed to the accommodations and its administration.They (拋棄)all the affairs that cant be (可得到的) in order to (實(shí)現(xiàn))their ambitions.In (除此之外),they were (上了癮的)to taking adventures and advertising.Sometimes they take (優(yōu)勢(shì))of their abundant experience to do some absurd things in the foreign countries,which makes the ambassadors (指責(zé))them of such activities,saying their behavior will (影響) them to accomplish their business and (獲得)great achievements.,acknowledged,abandoned,accessible,achieve,addition,addicted,advantage,accuse,affect,acquire,譯文:一些學(xué)院的青年承認(rèn),他們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣了大學(xué)的住宿與管理。為了實(shí)現(xiàn)他們的抱負(fù),他們拋棄一切不可以得到的事情。此外,他們癡迷于冒險(xiǎn)和做廣告。有時(shí)候,他們利用他們豐富的經(jīng)驗(yàn),在國(guó)外做一些荒唐的事情,這使得大使們指責(zé)他們的這些活動(dòng),說(shuō)他們的行為將影響他們完成他們的事業(yè)和獲得巨大的成就。,名冠考查不復(fù)雜,前后語(yǔ)境細(xì)觀察 1.(2015·重慶卷改編)I just heard bank where Dora works was robbed by gunman wearing a mask.,答案,解析,2.(2015·浙江卷改編)Janes grandmother had wanted to write childrens book for many years,but one thing or another always got in way.,答案,解析,3.(2015·四川卷改編)Brian is gifted in writing music; he is very likely to be Beethoven.,答案,解析,4.(2015·陜西卷改編) more learned a man is, more modest he usually becomes.,答案,解析,5.(2015·江蘇卷改編)Some schools will have to make (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.,答案,解析,6.(2015·江蘇卷改編)Go and say sorry to your mom,Dave. Id like to,but Im afraid Mom wont be happy with my (apologise).,答案,解析,7.(2015·湖北卷改編)When he was running after his brother,the boy lost his (balanced) and had a bad fall.,答案,解析,8.(2015·湖北卷改編)He gave himself a new name to hide his (identify) when he went to carry out the secret task.,答案,解析,一,二,一、名詞 1.名詞的數(shù) 物質(zhì)名詞(如air,money)及抽象名詞(如traffic,health)都是不可數(shù)名詞。 (1)英語(yǔ)中常見的不可數(shù)名詞有: homework,work,weather,fun,information,news,advice,furniture等。 (2)有些物質(zhì)名詞表示不同種類時(shí)可用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如: a variety of fruits;all kinds of fishes (3)常見的單復(fù)數(shù)意義不同的名詞有: work(工作),works(作品);value(價(jià)值),values(價(jià)值觀);manner(方式),manners(禮貌);custom(風(fēng)俗),customs(海關(guān))等。,一,二,(4)有些名詞可做可數(shù)名詞,也可做不可數(shù)名詞:an experience “一次經(jīng)歷”,experience 為不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),意為“經(jīng)驗(yàn)”;a difficulty “一件難事”,difficulty為不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),意為“困難,辛苦”;a failure “一位失敗者/一件失敗的事”,failure為不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),意為“失敗”;an honor “引起崇敬的人(事)”,honor 為不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),意為“榮譽(yù),尊敬”。,一,二,2.名詞的所有格 (1)有生命的人或物的所有格一般由名詞加-s構(gòu)成,幾個(gè)人共有或幾個(gè)詞作為一個(gè)單位時(shí),在最后一個(gè)名詞后加-s;若表示各自的所屬關(guān)系時(shí),各名詞的末尾都要加-s,因此要注意此時(shí)主謂一致的區(qū)別。如: Marys and Mikes mothers usually go to the cinema. 瑪麗的媽媽和邁克的媽媽通常去電影院。 Mary and Mikes mother is good at cooking. 瑪麗和邁克的媽媽擅長(zhǎng)于烹飪。 (2)無(wú)生命的事物的所有格一般采用“of+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。,一,二,3.名詞做定語(yǔ) 名詞在句子中除可充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)外,還可用做定語(yǔ),做定語(yǔ)時(shí)可作以下修飾成分: (1)說(shuō)明被修飾的名詞是什么原料制成的。如: 金牌gold medal;紙幣paper money (2)說(shuō)明被修飾的名詞的用途、性質(zhì)。如: 男學(xué)生boy student;咖啡杯coffee cup (3)說(shuō)明被修飾的名詞存在或發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。如: 學(xué)校教育school education;鄉(xiāng)村生活country life,二、冠詞 1.不定冠詞的用法 (1)不定冠詞a(n)表示“某一個(gè)”,相當(dāng)于some。如: Could you tell me the way to the Johnsons,please? 你能告訴我去約翰遜家怎么走嗎? Sorry,we dont have a Johnson here in the village. 對(duì)不起,這個(gè)村莊里沒有一個(gè)叫約翰遜的人。 (2)不定冠詞a(n)用于有形容詞修飾的季節(jié)、日期前。如: We had a very cold winter last year. 去年我們度過了一個(gè)寒冷的冬天。 (3)“a(n)+序數(shù)詞”表示“又一,再一”。如: Can you give me a second chance,please? 請(qǐng)你再給我一次機(jī)會(huì)好嗎?,一,二,一,二,2.定冠詞的用法 (1)用在世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的人或物、自然現(xiàn)象、表示方位或表示發(fā)明物等的名詞前。如: The earth moves around the sun. 地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。 Bell invented the telephone in 1876. 1876年貝爾發(fā)明了電話。 注意:有些物體雖然也是世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的,但習(xí)慣上卻不用冠詞。如: space 太空;nature 自然;man 人類,一,二,(2)形容詞比較級(jí)前用定冠詞表示“兩者當(dāng)中較的”,而形容詞比較級(jí)前用不定冠詞,表示“再/更”;most前用定冠詞表示“三者或三者以上中最的”,most前用不定冠詞,并無(wú)比較含義,相當(dāng)于very。如: Which is the larger country,Canada or Australia? 加拿大和澳大利亞,哪個(gè)國(guó)家更大? You are the most beautiful girl that I have met. 你是我遇見的最美麗的女孩。 It is a most useful book.(a most useful相當(dāng)于a very useful) 那是一本非常有用的書。 (3)樂器名稱前往往用定冠詞。如: play the piano play the violin play the erhu(二胡),一,二,3.零冠詞的使用 (1)在一個(gè)人(物)兼多種身份的情況下,只在第一個(gè)名詞前使用冠詞,其他名詞前不再使用冠詞。如: a clerk and writer 職員兼作家 (2)稱呼語(yǔ)及表示獨(dú)一無(wú)二的頭銜、職務(wù)的名詞做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)及同位語(yǔ)時(shí),不加冠詞。常用的名詞有king,president,chairman,monitor,head等。如: We made Jack monitor of our class. 我們選杰克當(dāng)我們班的班長(zhǎng)。,一,二,三,一、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式或冠詞填空 1.He gained his (wealthy)by printing (work)of some famous (write). 2.You cant step forward when seeing the (traffic)lights on. 3.Three (thief)broke into the bank with (knife)and as a result,all the (safe)devices of it were broken and the money inside was all lost. 4.Suddenly Tom fell into a cave six (foot)deep.Luckily,two (German)and two (Frenchman)who were passing by pulled him up.,wealth,works,writers,traffic,thieves,knives,safety,feet,Germans,Frenchmen,一,二,三,5.Early in the morning,he went to the (butcher)and returned with some (meat). 6. young man,while traveling through a desert,came across a spring of clear water. 7.Its said John will be in a job paying over $60,000 year. Right,he will also get paid by week. 8.Besides,shopping at this time of the year was not pleasant experience. 9.It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man. 10.As is known to all, Peoples Republic of China is biggest developing country in the world.,butchers,meat,A,/,a,the,a,a,a,the,the,一,二,三,二、完成句子 1.護(hù)士是照料病人的人。 A nurse is a person who the sick. 2.哈利·波特系列叢書很受歡迎,這座城市急需該叢書。 The Harry Potter books are quite popular;they are in this city. 3.你能理解他說(shuō)過的話嗎? Can you what he said? 4.他們是無(wú)意打碎玻璃的嗎? Did they break the windows ? 5.你應(yīng)該記住尊重別人是很重要的。 You should that it is important to respect others.,takes care of,in great need/demand,make sense of,by chance/accident,keep in mind,一,二,三,6.難怪他總是考試不及格。 Its that he always fails in exams. 7.無(wú)論我失敗多少次,我都不會(huì)失去信心。 However many times I fail,I will never . 8.他們相愛已經(jīng)三年了。 They have with each other for three years. 9.雖然他在工作方面取得了進(jìn)步,但他的老板還是解雇了他。 Though he in his work,his boss fired him. 10.他決定與他的老朋友保持聯(lián)系。 He has decided to his old friends.,no wonder,lose heart,been in love,made progress,keep in touch with,一,二,三,三、語(yǔ)法填空 Tom:Sandy,it seems that only half of the students passed 1. final exam. Sandy:Really?The exam must have been very difficult this time. Tom:Well,Im really 2. (surprise),too.There are many students who definitely shouldnt have failed.According to Jack,there are eight boys in his class who failed,3. (include)himself and Scott. Sandy:Oh!Scott is 4. of the top students in the college.What about his sister,Kate?Did she pass? Tom:Oh,yes.It seems she 5. (get)good marks.,the,surprised,including,one,got,一,二,三,Sandy:Thats 6. (absolute)unbelievable.Scott was 7. much better student than his sister,and has been working so hard for the last few months. Tom:It seems 8. (fair),doesnt it?But,from 9. Ive heard,perhaps he worked too hard.He was ill during the week of the exam. Sandy:Oh,I see.These things happen,sometimes.I suppose the teacher will take his illness into account and give him a pass. Tom:Well,there is a rumor going around that 10. Department Head is leaving. Sandy:Because of the bad result,you mean? Tom:Well,I suppose so.Im not sure.Maybe Mr.Smith is going to be the new Department Head.,absolutely,a,unfair,what,the,