專題五 動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài),詞匯復(fù)習(xí)5(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示填入以b開(kāi)頭的單詞的適當(dāng)形式,然后背誦情景,熟記以b開(kāi)頭的課標(biāo)高頻詞匯。) 【情景】 In her biography the beautiful writer (描述) that she was a blind girl,who believed firmly that good (行為)would give bonus to a person.The beliefs in her brain (使收益)her a lot. (而且),she never made a bargain with her boss,by means of which she got over many barriers that ordinary people couldnt (容忍).After many years of hard work,she finally realized her dream.,described,behaviors,benefited,Besides,bear,譯文:在她的傳記中,那個(gè)漂亮的作家描述說(shuō)她是一位盲人,她堅(jiān)信美好的行為對(duì)一個(gè)人會(huì)有額外的好處。腦海中的這種信仰使她受益匪淺。而且,她從不跟她的老板討價(jià)還價(jià),憑借這種信念,她克服了常人難以忍受的很多障礙。經(jīng)過(guò)多年的努力,她最后實(shí)現(xiàn)了自己的夢(mèng)想。,動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài),語(yǔ)境分析來(lái)辨別; 主動(dòng)被動(dòng)要分清,何時(shí)發(fā)生是關(guān)鍵。 1.(2015·湖南卷改編)He must have sensed that I (look)at him.He suddenly glanced at me and said quietly,“Why are you staring at me like that?”,答案,解析,2.(2015·福建卷改編)Where is Peter?I cant find him anywhere. He went to the library after breakfast and (write) his essay there ever since.,答案,解析,3.(2015·北京卷改編)In the last few years,China (make)great achievements in environmental protection.,答案,解析,4.(2015·北京卷改編)Did you have difficulty finding Anns house? Not really.She (give)us clear directions and we were able to find it easily.,答案,解析,5.(2015·湖南卷改編)I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I (ask),“What do you wish me to do now?”,答案,解析,6.(2015·陜西卷改編)At college,Barack Obama didnt know that he (become)the first black president of the United States of America.,答案,解析,7.(2015·天津卷改編)Jane cant attend the meeting at 3 oclock this afternoon because she (teach)a class at that time.,答案,解析,8.(2015·安徽卷改編)It is reported that a space station (build)on the moon in years to come.,答案,解析,9.(2015·天津卷改編)Despite the previous rounds of talks,no agreement (reach)so far by the two sides.,答案,解析,10.(2015·四川卷改編)More expressways (build)in Sichuan soon to promote the local economy.,答案,解析,1,2,3,1.動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)常用形式列表 (1)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)常用形式列表,1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,3,1,2,3,2.易混時(shí)態(tài)辨析 (1)一般過(guò)去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 兩者都與發(fā)生在過(guò)去的動(dòng)作相關(guān)?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響,主要說(shuō)明現(xiàn)在的情況;一般過(guò)去時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間的事實(shí),不強(qiáng)調(diào)與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系。 Theyve read this book. 他們讀過(guò)這本書。(已了解書中內(nèi)容) They read the book in the library. 他們?cè)趫D書館里讀的這本書。(只強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,不強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響),1,2,3,現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示從過(guò)去發(fā)生到現(xiàn)在一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的任何時(shí)間,可與already,yet,today,this week,since等連用,但不能和表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用;一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示的是過(guò)去某一特定時(shí)間或與現(xiàn)在無(wú)關(guān)的某一過(guò)去時(shí)間。 I have told him about my new roommate. 我已告訴他我的新室友的有關(guān)情況。(到目前為止他已知有關(guān)情況) I told him about my new roommate yesterday. 我昨天告訴了他我新室友的有關(guān)情況。(表明告訴他的時(shí)間是在昨天),1,2,3,(2)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主要用于習(xí)慣性或經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常與usually,often,seldom等頻度副詞連用;現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用于表示目前或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),常跟時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now,at present 等連用。 He usually writes a lot of letters,but he isnt writing at present. 他經(jīng)常寫許多信,但他現(xiàn)在沒(méi)寫。 表示客觀事實(shí)或普遍真理時(shí),要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),不能用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)。 The earth goes around the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。,1,2,3,(3)一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示一個(gè)完成的動(dòng)作,而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 I read a novel last night. 我昨晚看了一本小說(shuō)。(已經(jīng)看完了) I was reading a novel last night. 昨晚我在看小說(shuō)。(可能沒(méi)看完) 一般過(guò)去時(shí)用于表示一個(gè)單純的動(dòng)作,過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)用于表示過(guò)去一段時(shí)間內(nèi)反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。 He asked some questions.他問(wèn)了幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。 He was asking questions all the time.他始終在問(wèn)問(wèn)題。,1,2,3,一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(側(cè)重說(shuō)明事實(shí)),過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作(強(qiáng)調(diào)在這一過(guò)程中,所進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或展開(kāi)的情景)。 He played the piano yesterday afternoon. 他昨天下午彈鋼琴了。(昨天下午他做了這么一件事) He was playing the piano yesterday afternoon. 他昨天下午在彈鋼琴。(昨天下午他一直在彈鋼琴,沒(méi)干別的事) 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示當(dāng)時(shí)臨時(shí)發(fā)生的短暫性動(dòng)作。 I was walking on the street when I found a purse on the ground. 我正在街上走著,這時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)地上有個(gè)錢包。,1,2,3,(4)一般將來(lái)時(shí)與將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示對(duì)“現(xiàn)在時(shí)刻”來(lái)說(shuō),將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或?qū)⒁嬖诘臓顟B(tài);而將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在將來(lái)的某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 He is now in the library,and he will come back in an hour. 他現(xiàn)在在圖書館,一個(gè)小時(shí)后就會(huì)回來(lái)。 What will you be doing at this time next Monday? 下周一的這個(gè)時(shí)候你將會(huì)在做什么呢?,1,2,3,(5)過(guò)去完成時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí) 過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作,在句中一般有另一過(guò)去時(shí)間或動(dòng)作與它相比較。它是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài),表示的是過(guò)去的過(guò)去;只有在和過(guò)去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才用到過(guò)去完成時(shí)。一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,只與現(xiàn)在形成對(duì)比。 She had learned some English before she came to our school. 她來(lái)我們學(xué)校以前學(xué)過(guò)一些英語(yǔ)。(come to our school是過(guò)去發(fā)生的一個(gè)動(dòng)作,learn English是come to our school以前的情況) He promised to come to help,but he hasnt come yet. 他答應(yīng)過(guò)來(lái)幫忙的,但還沒(méi)有來(lái)。(promise是過(guò)去發(fā)生的一個(gè)動(dòng)作,hasnt come是現(xiàn)在的情況),1,2,3,如果主句所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句所表示的動(dòng)作之前,在狀語(yǔ)從句中用一般過(guò)去時(shí),在主句中就要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。反之,如果時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句所表示的動(dòng)作之前,則在從句中用過(guò)去完成時(shí),主句就用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。 Mom had warned me of the bad weather before I left home. 我離家前,媽媽提醒了我天氣不好。 After I had written the letter,I went to post it at once. 我寫好了信后,馬上就寄了出去。,1,2,3,3.動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的?？键c(diǎn) (1)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn) “主將從現(xiàn)”。在時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái),但主句要用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。能引導(dǎo)這類從句的連詞有before,after,when,while,if,unless,in case,on condition that等。 If it is fine tomorrow,I will go with you. 如果明天天氣好,我會(huì)和你一起去。 完成時(shí)的標(biāo)志性時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 如果句中有so far,by now,in/during/over the last/past few years,till now,up to now等表示時(shí)間的短語(yǔ),句子只能用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 So far they have collected enough money to set up a primary school for the village. 迄今為止,他們已經(jīng)籌集到了足夠的錢,可以為村子建一所小學(xué)了。,1,2,3,I have been busy during the last few days. 在剛過(guò)去的幾天里,我一直很忙。 句中的狀語(yǔ)是“by the end of+過(guò)去時(shí)間”時(shí),句子用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 By the end of last term,we had learned about three thousand English words. 到上學(xué)期末,我們已經(jīng)學(xué)了大約三千個(gè)英語(yǔ)單詞。 句中的狀語(yǔ)是“by the end of+將來(lái)時(shí)間”時(shí),句子用將來(lái)完成時(shí)。 By the end of next month,we shall have finished Book Five. 到下個(gè)月末,我們將會(huì)學(xué)完第五冊(cè)了。,1,2,3,常用完成時(shí)態(tài)的句型。 在句型It is the first time./This is the last time.中,從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 This is the first time I have been here. 這是我第一次來(lái)這里。 在句型It was the first time./This was the last time.中,從句要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 This was the third time I had visited Tom. 這是我第三次拜訪湯姆。 在hardly.when.,no sooner.than. 結(jié)構(gòu)中,hardly與sooner后要用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。 Hardly had we got on the train when it started off. 我們一上火車,火車就開(kāi)了。,1,2,3,(2)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn) 使役動(dòng)詞have,make,get以及感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面接不定式做賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí),在主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式符號(hào)to要省略,但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)要還原to。 They make her clean the floor. She is made to clean the floor by them. It+be+過(guò)去分詞(said/reported/informed/believed)+that從句(=主語(yǔ)+be+過(guò)去分詞+to do sth.)表示“據(jù)說(shuō)/據(jù)報(bào)道/據(jù)悉/據(jù)信”。 It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. The boy is said to have passed the national exam. 據(jù)說(shuō)這個(gè)男孩兒已經(jīng)通過(guò)了這次全國(guó)性的考試。,1,2,3,動(dòng)詞get代替be (get往往用在口語(yǔ)中)。 There was a fight at the pub,but fortunately nobody got(=was) hurt. 酒吧里發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)斗毆,所幸沒(méi)人受傷。 注意:get+done同be+done的區(qū)別: get done 往往表示行為不是計(jì)劃之中的,而是意外發(fā)生的。 The dog got run over by a car. 狗被汽車碾死了。,1,2,3,不可以變成被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的幾種情況。 某些動(dòng)詞,如smell,taste,wash,shut,prove,sell,read,write等主動(dòng)形式可以表示被動(dòng)意義。如: The dish tastes delicious.這道菜很美味。 The theory proved right at last.這條理論最終被證實(shí)是正確的。 The book is so interesting that it sells well.這本書非常有趣,賣得很好。 This kind of cloth washes well.這種布很好洗。 need/want/require/deserve+v.-ing 表示“主語(yǔ)承受動(dòng)詞發(fā)出的動(dòng)作”,表示被動(dòng)含義。如: My car needs repairing(=to be repaired). 我的車需要修理。,一,二,三,四,一、用適當(dāng)?shù)膭?dòng)詞形式填空 1.The flight (take) off at 2:30 every Wednesday and Friday. 2.On Monday mornings it usually (take) me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. 3.Unless we (act) now to protect the environment,well live to regret it. 4.Im calling about the apartment you (advertise) the other day.Could you tell me more about it? 5.Hurry up!Mark and Carol (expect) us. 6.I dont understand why you didnt go to the lecture yesterday afternoon. Im so sorry.But I (do) my homework.,takes,takes,act,advertised,are expecting,was doing,一,二,三,四,7.Could I use your car tomorrow morning? Sure,I (write) a report at home. 8.The girl has a great interest in sport and (take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. 9.When I first met Bryan I didnt like him,but I (change) my mind. 10.He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all,he (have) it for a very long time. 11.Why did you leave that position? I (offer) a better position at IBM.,will be writing,has been taking,have changed,had had,was offered,一,二,三,四,12.It is said that the early Europeans playing cards that (design) for entertainment and education. 13.The train was late.We were made (stand) in the station square for about 50 minutes. 14.All the people present agreed that the matter required (look) into. 15.Whatever you have found,you should give it back to whomever it (belong) to. 16.No sooner the movie star (get) out of the car when she was surrounded by her fans. 17.It is the second time that I (invite) to make a speech for primary students.,were designed,to stand,looking/to be looked,belongs,had,got,have been invited,一,二,三,四,二、完成句子 1.我們要早出發(fā),所以前天晚上我們就打好包了。 We (leave) very early so we packed the night before. 2.我過(guò)去認(rèn)為我不會(huì)喜歡這部電影,但是實(shí)際上它很好。 I didnt think Id like the movie,but actually it . 3.我們很自信,通過(guò)我們進(jìn)一步的努力來(lái)減少污染,環(huán)境將會(huì)得到改善。 We are confident that by our further efforts to reduce pollution. 4.吉姆正在家里看一部午夜電影,這時(shí)就在一幕令人恐怖的場(chǎng)景中,電視機(jī)畫面突然一片空白。 Jim at home when,right in the middle of a thrilling scene,the television went blank.,were leaving,was pretty good,the environment will be improved,was watching a late night film,一,二,三,四,5.如果不采取措施,海洋將變成魚的沙漠。 ,the oceans will turn into fish deserts. 6.莎士比亞的戲劇哈姆雷特在近幾年來(lái)已經(jīng)被拍成了至少10部不同的電影。 Shakespeares play Hamlet at least ten different films over the past years. 7.房子很臟,因?yàn)樽詮乃麄儼岢鋈ズ缶蜎](méi)打掃過(guò)。 The house is dirty because it (clean) since they moved out. 8.阻止空氣污染的每一種可能的辦法都已采用了,但空氣仍不清潔。 to prevent the air pollution,but the sky is still not clear. 9.這項(xiàng)任務(wù)的所有準(zhǔn)備工作都已完成,我們準(zhǔn)備開(kāi)始了。 All the preparations for the task ,and were ready to start.,If nothing is done,has been made into,hasnt been cleaned,Every possible means has been used,have been completed,一,二,三,四,10.她是一個(gè)勤奮刻苦的學(xué)生,她所有的業(yè)余時(shí)間都是在圖書館里度過(guò)的。 She is a hardworking student,and all her spare time she has staying in the library.,is spent,一,二,三,四,三、語(yǔ)法填空 There was a time 1. I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English.And this is the reason 2. my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club,3. I met many strangers,I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately,my guide 4. teacher was Li Yang,communicated with me face to face,from 5. I gained some useful instructions.He also showed me a good partner,and we got along well with each other.,when,why,where,whose,whom,一,二,三,四,Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6. we did.My father and the guide 7. encouraged me to fall in love with English should be appreciated.Now I feel it interesting to learn English,into 8. I put my entire energy.Every day I will read my words and passages aloud.In class I will join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep,I will recall my passages,through 9. I can memorize a large number of new words.10. our English teacher says,“As long as we form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance,we will conquer English sooner or later.”,that/which,who/that,which,which,As,一,二,三,四,四、短文改錯(cuò) When I was ten years old,I went to Yangzhou with two American.I became their guide.First,we went to the Slender West Lake.They wanted to look around the river by the boat.After buy the tickets,we got into the boat.We went around seeing the beautiful sight.After that,we went shopping.The sellers couldnt spoke English.Though it was very harder,I tried my best listen to their words carefully and translate the sentences.They bought some little things with their help.Next,we went to a small zoo but took some pictures.When we felt hunger,we went out and had lunch.After lunch,we visited some old house and learned more about Chinese history.,一,二,三,四,