專題八 定語(yǔ)從句,詞匯復(fù)習(xí)8(根據(jù)漢語(yǔ)提示填入以d開頭的單詞的適當(dāng)形式,然后背誦情景,熟記以d開頭的課標(biāo)高頻詞匯。) 【情景】No one can deny that with the (發(fā)展)of economics in the past decades,the standard of peoples life has been increasing rapidly.However,the quality of air and water is declining,peoples health level is dropping,and some good land has been destroyed/damaged as well.People who take exercise at dawn dare not go out without a defense.They feel it (危險(xiǎn)的)to their health,and their feeling of happiness is (減少) a great deal.They demand/desire the government make a (決定) and take measures without (耽誤) to improve the present situation which will make a great difference.,development,dangerous,decreasing,decision,delay,譯文:不可否認(rèn),隨著數(shù)十年經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,人們的生活水平迅速提高。然而,空氣和水的質(zhì)量卻在降低,人們的健康水平卻在下降,一些好的耕地也被破壞。黎明晨練的人們不戴防護(hù)不敢出去。他們感到對(duì)健康有危險(xiǎn),他們的幸福感也下降了很多。他們要求政府做出決定并采取措施來(lái)改善目前的局面,這將產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。,語(yǔ)言表達(dá)要流暢,定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)幫忙; 引導(dǎo)詞語(yǔ)確定好,前后關(guān)系最重要。 1.(2015·安徽卷改編)Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon school education depends.,答案,解析,2.(2015·重慶卷改編)He wrote many childrens books,nearly half of were published in the 1990s.,答案,解析,3.(2015·北京卷改編)Opposite is St.Pauls Church, you can hear some lovely music.,答案,解析,4.(2015·湖南卷改編)It is a truly delightful place, looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.,答案,解析,5.(2015·江蘇卷改編)The number of smokers, is reported,has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.,答案,解析,6.(2015·浙江卷改編)Creating an atmosphere employees feel part of a team is a big challenge.,答案,解析,7.(2015·四川卷改編)The books on the desk, covers are shiny,are prizes for us.,答案,解析,8.(2015·陜西卷改編)As the smallest child of his family,Alex is always longing for the time he should be able to be independent.,答案,解析,一,二,一,二,二、考點(diǎn) (一)定語(yǔ)從句只能用that引導(dǎo)的情況: 1.當(dāng)先行詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。 This is the most interesting book that I have ever read. 這是我曾經(jīng)讀過(guò)的最有趣的一本書。 2.當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。 The second foreign country that I expect to visit is Greek. 我想去參觀的第二個(gè)國(guó)家是希臘。 3.當(dāng)先行詞是all,few,little,much,everything,anything,nothing,something等不定代詞時(shí)。 He didnt refer to anything that had happened to him these years in his letter. 在信中他沒(méi)有提及這些年發(fā)生在他身上的任何事情。,一,二,4.當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? 你知道他們正在談?wù)摰娜撕褪聠? 5.當(dāng)先行詞被the only,the every,the right,the same等修飾時(shí)。 He was the only person that witnessed the accident. 他是唯一一個(gè)見證這次事故的人。 This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy. 這正是我要買的那本好詞典。 6.在以which,who,whom引起的問(wèn)句中,為避免重復(fù),常用that。 Who is the man that is standing there? 站在那邊的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 最適合我的T恤衫是哪一件?,一,二,7.在there be句型中。 There are few books in the library that are helpful for my experiment. 圖書館里沒(méi)有對(duì)我的實(shí)驗(yàn)有幫助的書。 (二)定語(yǔ)從句只能用which引導(dǎo)的情況: 1.關(guān)系代詞指物,做介詞賓語(yǔ)的時(shí)候。 China has 56 nationalities,each of which has its own characteristics,forming the various and colorful Chinese culture. 中國(guó)有56個(gè)民族,每個(gè)民族都有自己的特點(diǎn),它們形成了豐富多彩的中國(guó)文化。 2.關(guān)系代詞指前面的整個(gè)句子,引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。 He failed in the exam,which made his father very angry. 他考試不及格,這使他父親很生氣。,一,二,一,二,This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country. =This is the scientist the name of whom is known all over the country. =This is the scientist of whom the name is known all over the country. 這就是那位全國(guó)知名的科學(xué)家。 The classroom,whose door is broken,will soon be repaired. =The classroom,the door of which is broken,will soon be repaired. =The classroom,of which the door is broken,will soon be repaired. 門破了的那間教室很快就會(huì)被維修。,一,二,(四)關(guān)系代詞as 的應(yīng)用范圍 1.as 和which一樣可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,這兩個(gè)關(guān)系代詞都指整個(gè)主句內(nèi)容(as 通常譯為“正如”),且在定語(yǔ)從句中都可以做主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn): as 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置于句首,而which不可。 As is known to everybody,the moon travels round the earth once every month. =The moon travels round the earth once every month,as/which is known to everybody. 眾所周知,月亮每月圍繞地球轉(zhuǎn)一周。,一,二,as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中做主語(yǔ)時(shí),從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞;若為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞,則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。 The weather turned out to be very good,as was more than we could expect. 天氣變得非常好了,這超出了我們的預(yù)料。 It rained hard yesterday,which prevented me from going to the park. 昨天雨下得很大,這使我沒(méi)能去公園。,一,二,2.當(dāng)先行詞被the same,such修飾時(shí),定語(yǔ)從句需用as引導(dǎo)。 I bought the same book as you have. 我買了一本跟你的一樣的書。 This is such an easy math problem as everyone can work out. (比較:This is such an easy math problem that everyone can work it out.) 這是一道如此簡(jiǎn)單的數(shù)學(xué)題,每個(gè)人都能解決。 Hell marry as pretty a girl as he can find. 他將與他能找到的最漂亮的女孩結(jié)婚。 注意:當(dāng)先行詞被the same修飾時(shí),that也可引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,但意義有所不同。 the same.as(指同樣或同類的),the same.that(指同一個(gè)) This is the same pen as I lost.這支鋼筆與我丟的那支一樣。 This is the same pen that I lost.這就是我丟的那支鋼筆。,一,二,(五)定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞的判斷方法 1.方法一:觀察從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞后面無(wú)賓語(yǔ),就必須要求用關(guān)系副詞或者是介詞加關(guān)系代詞;而及物動(dòng)詞后接賓語(yǔ),則要求用關(guān)系代詞。 This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. =This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. 這是我去年待過(guò)的小山村。 Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. =Ill never forget the days (which) I spent with you. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記過(guò)和你在一起工作的日子。,一,二,2.方法二:判斷先行詞在定語(yǔ)從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀)。關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所作的成分,先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語(yǔ)時(shí),選擇關(guān)系代詞 (who,whom,that,which,whose);先行詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ)時(shí),應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞(where 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),when 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),why 原因狀語(yǔ))。 This museum is the one that you visited a few days ago. 這座博物館是你前幾天參觀的那個(gè)。 This is the museum where/in which the exhibition was held. 這是在其中舉辦展覽的那座博物館。,一,二,(六)“介詞+關(guān)系詞”中介詞的確定 1.根據(jù)后面動(dòng)詞和介詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。 This is not the book of which the teacher spoke in class.(speak of 意為“談及”,相當(dāng)于talk of) 這不是那本老師在課堂上談及的那本書。 The two things of which they felt proud were Jims gold watch and Dellas hair.(be/feel proud of 為固定短語(yǔ),意為“以自豪”。) 他們感到自豪的兩樣?xùn)|西分別是吉姆的金表和戴拉的頭發(fā)。,一,二,2.根據(jù)前面的名詞的搭配關(guān)系選擇。 Ill never forget the day on which I first met him.(表示具體的某一天,用介詞on) 我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我第一次見到他的那一天。 The boy pointed to the direction in which he would run.(“朝方向”,用介詞in) 那個(gè)男孩指著他要跑去的方向。 He came to a farm,on which he finally settled.(“在農(nóng)場(chǎng)上”,用介詞on) 他來(lái)到了一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng),并在那里最終定居了下來(lái)。,一,二,(七)定語(yǔ)從句的幾個(gè)特別之處 1.“介詞+where”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。 有時(shí)我們可以見到“介詞+where”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句,此時(shí)要和“介詞+which”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句從意思上加以區(qū)別。 He stood at the window,from where she could see nothing but a blank wall. 他站在窗邊,從那里除了一面白墻外他什么也看不到。(from where= from at the window,而不是from the window) I was thrown into a prison from which no one could escape. 我被投入了一座監(jiān)獄中,沒(méi)人能從那兒逃走。(from which= from the prison),一,二,2.分隔式定語(yǔ)從句。 定語(yǔ)從句有時(shí)不直接緊靠著先行詞,中間由一個(gè)定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)或謂語(yǔ)隔開。 The only bridge across the river fell down in the flood,which had been there for decades. 那座在河上存在了數(shù)十年的唯一一座橋在洪水中垮塌了。 3.抽象地點(diǎn)類先行詞后的定語(yǔ)從句。 當(dāng)先行詞為stage,situation,point,case等詞且關(guān)系詞在從句中做狀語(yǔ),這時(shí)用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句;occasion 之后用when引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,the way (表示“方式”) 后的定語(yǔ)從句用“that/in which/省去關(guān)系詞”三種結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)。 They have reached the point where they have to separate with each other. 他們已經(jīng)到了必須分手的地步。,一,二,I can think of many cases where students obviously know a lot of English words and expressions but cant write a good essay. 我能想出許多這樣的場(chǎng)合,很顯然學(xué)生知道許多英語(yǔ)詞匯但是卻寫不出一篇好文章。 In the past five years,there have been few occasions when the whole family can get together. 在過(guò)去的五年中,很少有全家能聚在一起的時(shí)候。 I dont like the way that he laughed at me. =I dont like the way in which he laughed at me. =I dont like the way he laughed at me. 我不喜歡他用那種方式來(lái)嘲笑我。,一,二,4.what,whatever,whoever,whomever等引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句,有時(shí)可轉(zhuǎn)換為“先行詞+關(guān)系詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句。 Whoever spits in public will be punished here. =Anyone who spits in public will be punished here. 任何在公共場(chǎng)合吐痰的人在這兒都將受到懲罰。 The parents will use what they have to send their son to the best university. =The parents will use all that they have to send their son to the best university. 父母?jìng)儗?huì)傾其所有送他們的孩子去上最好的大學(xué)。,一,二,三,四,一、根據(jù)句意,用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空 1.Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gain experience for growth. 2.Among the many dangers sailors have to face,probably the greatest of all is fog. 3.Please send us all the information you have about the candidate for the position. 4.Until now,we have raised 50,000 pounds for the poor children, is quite unexpected. 5.I didnt become a serious climber until the fifth grade, I went up to rescue a kite that was stuck in the branches of a tree. 6.Well reach the sales targets in a month we set at the beginning of the year.,where,which/that,that,which,when,which/that,一,二,三,四,7.When I arrived,Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying. 8.The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China, he remembers starting as early as his childhood. 9.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected. 10.Many countries are now setting up national parks animals and plants can be protected.,where,which,whose,where,一,二,三,四,二、用定語(yǔ)從句完成下列句子 1.This is the best film (我看過(guò)的) in the past few years.(see) 2.The result must have been disappointing, (從可以看出) the disappointing look on his face.(see) 3.Youd better ask your teachers and parents for advice, (通過(guò)這種方式) you will make a wiser decision.(means) 4.Nowadays almost everyone prefers to use a smart mobile phone (它的功能更加實(shí)用).(function) 5.This is the reason (他為什么現(xiàn)在離開).(leave) 6.Mary Brown moved to a place (靠近大海),so she could go swimming every day.(lie),that I have seen,as/which could be seen from,by which means,whose functions are more practical,why he is leaving now,which lies near the sea,一,二,三,四,7.He got himself into a difficult situation (在這種情形下他必須完全靠自己做出最終決定).(make a decision) 8.Its the same person (我們昨天要找的)yesterday.(find) 9.Learning strategies, importance(老師們認(rèn)為重要的),have not yet drawn enough attention of students.(attach) 10. (凡是想展示個(gè)人才華的人) can go in for the CCTV programme “Amazing Chinese”.,where he must make a final decision all by himself,as we wanted to find,to which (the) teachers attach/have attached,Anyone who wants to show his personal talent,一,二,三,四,三、語(yǔ)法填空 Hello Kitty,one of the most famous imaginary 1. (character)in the world,greets us everywhere.Since she was born,she 2. (gain)impressive popularityshe is 3. international fashion queen. 2014 was the characters 40th birthday.Fans from around the world gathered 4. (cheerful)to celebrate their love of Hello Kitty. Hello Kitty was 5. (design)as a character to attract pre-teenage girls.The designers could not 6. (dream)that she would become such a 7. (globe)star as she is today.,characters,has gained,an,cheerfully,designed,have dreamed,global,一,二,三,四,Helen McCarthy,an author and expert on Japanese cartoons,explained 8. the character is so popular.“Because Hello Kitty is all about happiness and friendship and fun.Women and girls all over the world are happy 9. (buy)into the image of the trusting,loving childhood represented by Hello Kitty.” And the imaginary character does not only appeal 10. females.There are also Hello Kitty products for boys and men,such as neckties and golf bags.,why,to buy,to,一,二,三,四,四、短文改錯(cuò) As we all know,everyone have a dream.I have dreamed of being a doctor since I entered into the primary school.Nowadays with modern life go rapidly,many people suffer from different kind of diseases,both mentally and physically.As a result,doctors are in great need at home and abroad.My dream is to become successful doctor,helping to save peoples lives.Although to be a good doctor was very difficult,I will do whatever I can to keep everyone health.To make my dream come true,I have told me over and over again that Ill concentrate more to studies.After all,only by working hardly can one succeed.,一,二,三,四,