題型二 七選五,一,二,三,七選五是在一段約300詞(原文250詞左右;選項(xiàng)50詞左右)的短文中留出5個空白,要求考生從所給的7個選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng),使補(bǔ)足后的短文意思通順、前后連貫。從考試說明對該題型命題目的的表述“主要考查考生對文章的整體內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)以及上下文邏輯意義的理解和掌握?！笨梢缘贸鲆韵屡袛?該題備用選項(xiàng)可分為主旨概括句(文章整體或段落內(nèi)容)、過渡性句子(文章結(jié)構(gòu))和邏輯性句子(上下文邏輯意義)三類。其多余的兩個干擾項(xiàng)也往往從這三方面進(jìn)行設(shè)置,例如主旨概括句或過于寬泛或以偏概全或偏離主題,過渡性句子不能反映文章的行文結(jié)構(gòu),邏輯性句子與上文脫節(jié)等。請同學(xué)們分析下面近兩年課標(biāo)全國卷對七選五內(nèi)容的考查情況:,一,二,三,一,二,三,一,二,三,一,二,三,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)一 主旨概括句 主旨概括句是指概括文章主題的句子,或者統(tǒng)領(lǐng)某一段落的句子。做此類題要注意兩個方面: 1.全文主旨句。注意文章的首段與結(jié)尾段,尤其是文章的首段及結(jié)尾段的末句,因?yàn)椤伴_門見山”與“結(jié)尾總結(jié)”的寫作方式在英語中很常見。首段的末句一般是全文的主題所在,如果它不是主題句,可以考慮文章的寫作方式是否為“結(jié)尾總結(jié)”式,如兩者均不是,則在文章的其他段落尋找主題句,但仍然不能忽略首段與末段的提示作用。 2.段落主旨句。文章正文部分通常分為若干小段落,各段落會依據(jù)文章的主題展開,對文章主題的不同方面進(jìn)行闡述。找出各段的關(guān)鍵詞,明確其大意,就容易確定一個段落的主旨句。,一,二,三,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,【典例示范】,一,二,三,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,一,二,三,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,一,二,三,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)二 過渡性語句 過渡性語句的考查主要是從文章結(jié)構(gòu)的角度出題,在文中起到承上啟下的行文作用。做此類題需要注意文章的結(jié)構(gòu),有“總分總”結(jié)構(gòu),也有“分分總”結(jié)構(gòu)。無論什么樣的結(jié)構(gòu),都需要聯(lián)結(jié)文章的過渡性語句。過渡句通常對上面的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行總結(jié),或者以問句的方式或祈使句的方式引出下文。所以,在定位選項(xiàng)時,要特別注意空格上下段的寫作內(nèi)容。,一,二,三,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,【典例示范】,一,二,三,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,一,二,三,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,一,二,三,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,一,二,三,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,考點(diǎn)三 邏輯性語句 上下文邏輯關(guān)系語句是對段落中的細(xì)節(jié)信息的考查,屬于句子與句子間的邏輯順序的排列。做此類試題要注意文章的語句間的組合,一是要判斷語句間的邏輯意義關(guān)系:并列、順序、層遞、轉(zhuǎn)折、總分、解釋、因果等關(guān)系。二是借助句子之間的連接性詞語來把握,因?yàn)檫B接性詞語能表明這個語段句與句之間、層與層之間的基本關(guān)系: 1.承接關(guān)系(如so,therefore,thus,hence,accordingly,consequently,as a result等)。 2.并列關(guān)系(如first,second,third.;firstly,secondly,thirdly.;first,next,then.;in the first place,in the second place.;for one thing,for another thing.;to begin with,to conclude等)。,一,二,三,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,3.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系(如however,nevertheless,nonetheless,still,though,yet,in spite of,at any rate,in any case,whoever,whatever,on the contrary,in contrast,by contrast,in comparison,by comparison,conversely,otherwise等)。 4.層遞關(guān)系(如also,further,furthermore,likewise,similarly,moreover,in addition,whats more,too,either,neither,not.but.,not only.but also.等)。 5.解釋關(guān)系(如in other words,namely,that is to say,or rather等)。,一,二,三,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,【典例示范】,一,二,三,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,一,二,三,考點(diǎn)一,考點(diǎn)二,考點(diǎn)三,一,二,三,通常來說,解答七選五題,我們要遵循以下幾個步驟,以求得最大的正確率。 1.通讀全文,了解文章大意 這是一個泛讀的過程,目的是了解文章大意,為以后的理解做鋪墊。 2.分析句型,了解語法構(gòu)成 當(dāng)我們了解了文章大意后,要明確每一個空是填一個整句子還是半個句子。這一點(diǎn)十分重要,它能夠幫助我們迅速確定某些空的選項(xiàng)范圍。比如,有一個空的結(jié)尾處沒有標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號,后文緊跟著一個句子的后半部分,很顯然這時我們需要填的是半個句子,這時便可以在七個選項(xiàng)中找到是半個句子的選項(xiàng),從而縮小選擇范圍。,一,二,三,3.明確關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系 任何句子都是要么和上文有聯(lián)系,要么和下文有聯(lián)系,要么和上下文都有聯(lián)系,因?yàn)橐黄恼虏粌H僅是句子的整合,是有含義的連貫性的。那么怎樣確定這種關(guān)系呢? (1)根據(jù)位置:注意空缺處在文中的位置,當(dāng)空缺處在段首時,應(yīng)注意此段首句之后的部分,這是因?yàn)槲恼碌拿恳欢瓮鶚?gòu)成總分結(jié)構(gòu),這一點(diǎn)在說明文和議論文中體現(xiàn)得尤為明顯,而七選五的選題材料往往是說明文和議論文;當(dāng)空缺處在段中時,則需要看空缺處前后的內(nèi)容;當(dāng)空缺處在段末時,則需要看前文的內(nèi)容,因?yàn)檫@一句最有可能是對整段話的一個總結(jié)和概括。當(dāng)然,以上分析只是主流情形,也有可能出現(xiàn)其他情況,這時需要具體問題具體分析。,一,二,三,(2)根據(jù)含義:在第一步粗略了解大意的基礎(chǔ)上,現(xiàn)在要做的是詳細(xì)閱讀以便明確每一個空的具體關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系,這時要結(jié)合選項(xiàng)同時做(注意在第二步范圍縮小的基礎(chǔ)上);常見的關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系有:順承、轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、并列、舉例。最常見的就是根據(jù)代詞含義,因?yàn)槿绻衔某霈F(xiàn)了某個名詞或概念時,后文再次提及它,往往為了避免重復(fù),會使用代詞。例如:后文出現(xiàn)了it,那前文出現(xiàn)的名詞一定是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或者不可數(shù)名詞或者是一件事;后文出現(xiàn)了this man,那前文一定要有一句話在說這個人的情況,后文才能用this這個代詞代指他,等等。其次,根據(jù)形容詞、副詞確定關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系也比較常見,形容詞、副詞往往表達(dá)了作者對寫作的感情色彩,這對我們排除干擾選項(xiàng)十分關(guān)鍵。比如:上文所使用的形容詞副詞全是褒義詞匯,基調(diào)陽光積極,后文如果和前文是順承關(guān)系,必然也應(yīng)該用同樣的行文基調(diào)。當(dāng)然,根據(jù)其他詞匯確定關(guān)聯(lián)關(guān)系也都有可能。,一,二,三,4.宏觀把握,選擇最佳答案 最后作答時,當(dāng)我們發(fā)現(xiàn)某一個空有兩個不同的答案時,我們將其分別代入,選擇最佳答案。這一點(diǎn)很簡單。 5.帶入通讀,復(fù)查 做完題目切忌直接離開,這時我們很有必要將自己修正好的文章通讀一遍,將其看做一篇行文通順語意連貫的文章來讀,這時如果感到有含義不連貫的地方,很有可能是我們填錯了空,就要復(fù)查了。注意:七選五的特點(diǎn)在于,錯一道,往往還會錯另外的一道或幾道,我們叫做“連錯”,所以當(dāng)你發(fā)現(xiàn)自己有一處填的有問題時,一定要同時檢查其他空。,A,B,C,D,A (2015課標(biāo)全國卷) 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady,gradual increases in the length of the runs. 1 ,buy the best-fitting,best-built running shoes you can find.No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet,so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop.When you have found shoes that seem right,walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 2 .As always,you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.,A,B,C,D,During the first week,do not think about distance,but run five minutes longer each day. 3 ,it is wise to take a day off to rest.But during the next week,set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run. 4 .After two weeks,start timing yourself. 5 .Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter,you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race. A.After six days B.For a good marathon runner C.Before you begin your training D.With each day,increase the distance by a half mile E.If they still feel good,you can begin running in them F.Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training G.Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time,A,B,C,D,【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是以如何鍛煉馬拉松為話題,提到從長期的角度說應(yīng)該做到精心準(zhǔn)備,循序漸進(jìn)。這樣才能達(dá)到鍛煉的目的。 1.C 解析:考查對上下文的理解。上文提到跑馬拉松,下文說買一雙合腳的鞋子。所以這里應(yīng)該是之前的準(zhǔn)備工作。 故選C項(xiàng)。 2.E 解析:考查對上下文的理解。上文提到:穿著鞋走走路以確保合適,下文提到跑。所以這里應(yīng)該說如果穿著的感覺很好,就可以跑了。故選E項(xiàng)。 3.A 解析:考查對上下文的理解。上文提到練習(xí)的第一周怎么做,下文提到第二周,所以這里應(yīng)該是練習(xí)一周后稍做休息,一周是6天,故選A項(xiàng)。 4.D 解析:考查對上下文的理解。這里在討論逐漸加長跑步的距離,每天增加一定的距離才合理,故選D項(xiàng)。 5.G 解析:考查對上下文的理解。最后是提速。在規(guī)定的距離內(nèi)如何訓(xùn)練自己跑得快。這樣才能參加比賽。故選G項(xiàng)。,A,B,C,D,B (2015北京卷) 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的七個選項(xiàng)中選出正確的填入空白處。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 This Way to Dreamland Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant,especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing.Daydreamers have a bad reputation for being unaware of whats happening around them.They can seem forgetful and clumsy. 6 They annoy us because they seem to be ignoring us and missing the important things. But daydreamers are also responsible for some of the greatest ideas and achievements in human history. 7 Can you imagine what kind of world we would have without such ideas and inventions?,A,B,C,D,So how can you come up with brilliant daydreams and avoid falling over tree roots or otherwise looking like a fool? First,understand that some opportunities(機(jī)會) for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams. 8 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while youre daydreaming,try to do it while you are involved in another taskpreferably something simple,like taking a shower or walking,or even making meaningless drawings. Its also important to know how to avoid daydreams for those times when you really need to concentrate.“Mindfulness”,being focused,is a tool that some people use to avoid falling asleep. 9,A,B,C,D,Finally,you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away. 10 Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds.,A,B,C,D,A.Having interesting things to think about also helps. B.They stare off into space and wander by themselves. C.Without wandering minds,we wouldnt have relativity,Coke or Post-it notes. D.At one time, daydreaming was thought to be a cause of some mental illnesses. E.It involves slow,steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive. F.Daydreams are often very simple and direct,quite unlike sleep dreams,which may be hard to understand. G.Therefore,its a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when youre in the daydream zone. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】文章說明了“白日做夢”現(xiàn)象事實(shí)上很有助于創(chuàng)造性思維的開發(fā)。,A,B,C,D,6.B 解析:第一段說的是大眾印象中的白日做夢有哪些弊端,選項(xiàng)在文章前后句中起到段內(nèi)邏輯連接的作用。故選B項(xiàng)。 7.C 解析:本段話鋒一轉(zhuǎn)說到了白日做夢其實(shí)有著很多的好處。選項(xiàng)前后依然是順承關(guān)系,故選C項(xiàng)。 8.A 解析:本段大意教給人們怎樣可以做有意義的白日夢,由上句可知:感到安全和放松能幫助人們進(jìn)入白日夢,此句也應(yīng)該是能進(jìn)入白日夢的類似信息,考慮有意義的事情也能幫助我們進(jìn)入白日夢中,此處是省略句,省去了you slip into daydreams,選A項(xiàng)。 9.E 解析:本段主要講如何避免不合時宜的白日做夢,根據(jù)上句意思:精力集中是一種防止進(jìn)入白日夢的工具可以斷定,此處也是如何防止進(jìn)入白日夢,使精力變得集中的信息,本句意思:自我調(diào)節(jié)呼吸,使呼吸變得緩慢均勻可以幫助人們鎮(zhèn)靜和精力集中。故選E項(xiàng)。,A,B,C,D,10.G 解析:本選項(xiàng)中有邏輯詞therefore可為做題線索之一;前句講好的想法隨時會出現(xiàn),所以選帶個本子隨時記,合情合理。故選G項(xiàng)。,A,B,C,D,C (2014課標(biāo)全國卷) 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 11 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds. 1.Curiosity Your children need to be deeply curious. 12 Ask kids,“What ingredients(配料) can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?” and then try them out.Did those ingredients make the pancakes better?What could we try next time?,A,B,C,D,2.Creativity True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it. 13 There are a dozen different things you can do with them.Experimenting with materials to create something new can go a long way in helping them develop their creativity. 3.Interpersonal Skills Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids.We know whats going on inside our own head,but what about others?Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusions. 14 “Why do you think shes crying?”“Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?”“If someone were to do that to you,how would you feel?”,A,B,C,D,4.Self Expression 15 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas music,acting,drawing,building,photography.You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another. A.Encourage kids to cook with you. B.And we cant forget science education. C.We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. D.So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that dont yet exist? E.Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill. F.We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories. G.Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。作者在本文中提出了如何提高孩子們傳統(tǒng)技能的方法。,A,B,C,D,11.D 解析:根據(jù)前一句“The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.”未來的工作還沒有發(fā)明出來,所以我們也不知道它們究竟是什么樣子的,更談不上讓我們的孩子為之做好準(zhǔn)備。我們能做的就是讓我們的孩子練好傳統(tǒng)的技能。 12.A 解析:根據(jù)后一句“What ingredients(配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time?”可知本段講述的是做飯,這也是一項(xiàng)傳統(tǒng)技能。我們要鼓勵孩子和我們一起做飯,通過孩子的好奇心來培養(yǎng)這種傳統(tǒng)的技能。 13.C 解析:根據(jù)前一句“True creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new from it.”真正的創(chuàng)造能力是從現(xiàn)存的東西里創(chuàng)造出新的東西的能力。所以我們給孩子機(jī)會讓他們用新的方法來考慮這些現(xiàn)有的事物,以此來培養(yǎng)他們的創(chuàng)造能力。只有C項(xiàng)符合上下文串聯(lián)。,A,B,C,D,14.F 解析:根據(jù)下面的三個問題“Why do you think shes crying?” “Can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?” “If someone were to do that to you,how would you feel?”可知我們要讓孩子來思考為什么別人會有各種行為。以此培養(yǎng)他們理解他人思想的能力,以免錯誤的判斷形勢得出錯誤的結(jié)論。所以問一下故事里的有關(guān)問題可以培養(yǎng)孩子這方面的能力。F項(xiàng)符合上下文語境。 15.G 解析:根據(jù)music,acting,drawing,building,photography可知這些都是我們表達(dá)自己思想的有效方法,能夠讓孩子用這些有效的方法進(jìn)行思想表達(dá)也是一種很重要的技巧。我們要培養(yǎng)孩子這方面的能力。故G項(xiàng)符合上下文語境。,A,B,C,D,D (2014課標(biāo)全國卷) 根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。 Tips for Cooking on a Tight Schedule From my experience,there are three main reasons why people dont cook more often:ability,money,and time. 16 Money is a topic Ill save for another day.So today I want to give you some wisdom about how to make the most of the time you spend in the kitchen.Here are three tips for great cooking on a tight schedule:,A,B,C,D,1.Think ahead.The moments when I think cooking is a pain are when Im already hungry and theres nothing ready to eat.So think ahead of the coming week.When will you have time to cook?Do you have the right materials already? 17 2.Make your time worth it.When you do find time to cook a meal,make the most of it and save yourself time later on.Are you making one loaf of bread? 18 It takes around the same amount of time to make more of something.So save yourself the effort for a future meal. 3. 19 This may surprise you,but one of the best tools for making cooking worth your time is experimentation.It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try,the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.,A,B,C,D,Hopefully that gives you a good start. 20 And dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live! A.Try new things. B.Ability is easily improved. C.Make three or four instead. D.Understand your food better. E.Cooking is a burden for many people. F.Let cooking and living simply be a joy rather than a burden. G.A little time planning ahead can save a lot of work later on. 【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文。作者對日程緊張的情況下如何做烹調(diào)提出了一些建議。,A,B,C,D,16.B 解析:過渡性語句。要根據(jù)每段的細(xì)節(jié)、依據(jù)去看題目。第一段是總的概述。從后面的句子來看,money敘述了,time也敘述了。只有ability沒有敘述。又根據(jù)前面的句子的說明“From my experience,there are three main reasons why people dont cook more often:ability,money,and time.”與之有關(guān)的只有帶有ability這一信息了,所以答案是B項(xiàng)。 17.G 解析:第二段的內(nèi)容是:預(yù)先思考。根據(jù)此段開頭的關(guān)鍵詞ahead,可以判斷出此段與ahead有關(guān),所以答案為G項(xiàng)。 18.C 解析:第三段的內(nèi)容是使時間有所價值。根據(jù)“Are you making one loaf of bread?”這句話,可以判斷出要make one loaf of bread,那就是與數(shù)量有關(guān),還有后面的句子中的amount(量)的提示,所以應(yīng)該選C項(xiàng)。,A,B,C,D,19.A 解析:第四段的內(nèi)容是嘗試新的想法。此段的具體內(nèi)容,特別是“It gives you the chance to hit upon new ideas and recipes that can work well with your appetite and schedule.The more you learn and the more you try,the more ability you have to take control of your food and your schedule.”這兩句,提到了new ideas和try,可以判斷出與new有關(guān),所以選A項(xiàng)。 20.F 解析:概括性語句:第五段是全文的總結(jié)。根據(jù)最后一句“And dont let a busy schedule discourage you from making some great changes in the way you eat and live.”可以判斷出此項(xiàng)與live有關(guān)。所以選F項(xiàng)。,