專項七 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài),一、一般現(xiàn)在時 (1)表示經(jīng)常或習慣性的動作，多用行為動詞，且常與表頻率的時間狀語連用。 (2013·陜西卷) On Monday mornings it usually _ (take)me an hour to drive to work although the actual distance is only 20 miles. (2)表示客觀事實或普遍真理(不受主句時態(tài)的限制) The geography teacher told us the earth _ (move) around the sun.,Part,規(guī)律印證 考 點 落 實 ， 步 步 為 “ 贏 ”,邊 做 邊 悟,(3)表示一個按規(guī)定、計劃或安排要發(fā)生的動作，只用一般現(xiàn)在時。 (2013·重慶卷) A Midsummer Night's Dream _ (open)at the Theatre Royal on 19th June, and then tours throughout Scotland. (4)在時間、條件狀語從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時代替將來時。但要注意由if 引導的條件狀語從句中有時可以用shall或will表“意愿”，不表示時態(tài)。 (2013·新課標全國卷)If we _ (not act)now to protect the environment, we'll live to regret it.,(5)以here, there開頭的句子里，go, come等少數(shù)動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時表示正在發(fā)生的動作。 There comes the bus.汽車來了。 Here she comes.她來了。 答案 takes moves opens don't act,二、一般過去時 (1)過去某一時間內(nèi)經(jīng)常發(fā)生或反復發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 (四川卷)You speak very good French! Thanks.I _ (study)French in Sichuan University for four years. (2)表達過去發(fā)生的動作。 (2013·山東卷) I didn't think I'd like the movie, but actually it _ (be)pretty good. (2013·安徽卷)I'm calling about the apartment you _ (advertise)the other day.Could you tell me more about it?,(3)有些動詞如：think, want, plan等用在一般過去時中常常譯為“原來認為/以為，原來想，原計劃”。 I thought the film would be interesting, but it isn't. 我原以為這部電影是很有趣的，但是事實并非如此。 答案 studied was advertised,三、現(xiàn)在完成時 (1)表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，說話時已完成的動作。 (2013·新課標全國卷) When I first met Bryan I didn't like him, but I _ ( change)my mind. (2013·山東卷) Oh no! We're too late.The train _ (leave) That's OK.We'll catch the next train to London. 答案 have changed has left,(2)表示從過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和“for.”，“since.”表述的一段時間狀語連用。 He has learned English for six years. 他學英語已經(jīng)六年了。 They have worked here since they left college. 他們大學畢業(yè)以后就在這里工作。,四、過去進行時 (1)表示按計劃安排即將發(fā)生的動作。 (2013·新課標全國卷) We _ (leave)very early so we packed the night before. 答案 were leaving,(2)表示過去某一時刻或某一段時間內(nèi)正在進行的動作(這一過去時間須用時間狀語表示)。 He was preparing his lecture all day yesterday. 昨天一整天他都在準備他的演講。 (3)表示過去將來動作。 He said he was arriving the next day. 他說他將在第二天到達。,五、現(xiàn)在進行時 (1)表示現(xiàn)在正在進行的動作。 (2013·天津卷)The water supply has been cut off temporarily because the workers _ ( repaired)one of the main pipes. 答案 are repairing (2)表示按計劃安排即將發(fā)生的動作。 My father is coming to see me this Saturday. 這個星期六我爸爸要來看我。,六、一般將來時 (1)表示將來的動作和存在的狀態(tài)。 (2013·湖南卷) “What do you want to be？” asked Mrs.Crawford.“ Oh, I _ (be)president，” said the boy with a smile. 答案 will be (2)表示一種傾向或習慣性動作。 Oil will float on water.油會浮在水面上。 Crops will die without water.沒有水莊稼會死亡。,七、被動語態(tài) (1)只有及物動詞或相當于及物動詞的短語才有被動語態(tài)；不及物動詞或短語無被動語態(tài)。 Food supplies in the flood stricken area _ (快要用完了)We must act immediately before there's none left. (2013·北京卷)So what is the procedure? All the applicants _ ( interview)before a final decision is made by the authority.,(2)被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成為be過去分詞，只要變換be的形式就可以得到不同時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)，除be外被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式還有：get/become 過去分詞 Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I _ (被付給報酬)on Friday. 答案 are running out are interviewed get paid,(3)有一類動詞既可作及物動詞又可作不及物動詞。如果表示主語內(nèi)在的特征、性質(zhì)或所處的狀態(tài)而不是強調(diào)動作本身，一般用主動形式表示被動含義，常見的有read, write, drive, sell, wash, open, lock, shut等。請試著體會下面句子中黑體部分的不同。 His books sell well, so they are sold soon. 他的書很暢銷，因此很快就賣光了。 The door won't open, so we will ask a repairman to open it.這門打不開，所以我們請修理工打開它。,1Nancy is not coming tonight.But she _！(promise) 【誤】 has promised 【正】 promised 解析 南?！按饝獊怼边@個動作應該發(fā)生在過去，是過去作出的承諾，前文已告訴我們“她不來了”，因此諾言已跟現(xiàn)在沒有關(guān)系，只是過去的一個動作。,考 點 警 示,2托尼給我打電話時，我剛完成工作，要開始洗澡。 【誤】 When Tony phoned me I had just finished my work and started to take a shower. 【正】 When Tony phoned me I had just finished my work and was starting to take a shower. 解析 從關(guān)鍵信息 I had just finished my work 可以看出是“正要開始洗澡”應該是進行時，was starting 可以表示馬上就要進行的動作；而 started 表示“開始了”。,3. 很多的鳥類正被人們捕殺。 【誤】 Many birds are killed now. 【正】 Many birds are being killed now. 解析 現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)要完整，不能遺漏 其中的助動詞，導致時態(tài)錯誤。,1一般現(xiàn)在時與現(xiàn)在完成時的比較 一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性、習慣性或永久性的狀態(tài)；現(xiàn)在完成時則強調(diào)過去發(fā)生的動作到現(xiàn)在已完成，或過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響。 (江西高考)Look! Somebody _ (clean)the sofa. Well, it wasn't me.I didn't do it. (安徽高考)In order to find the missing child, villagers _ (do)all they can over the past five hours.,易 錯 防 范,2一般過去時與現(xiàn)在完成時的比較 一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或情況，常與過去時間狀語連用。而現(xiàn)在完成時表示從過去開始持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或情況，常與一段時間連用；一般過去時表示過去某時發(fā)生的動作或情況，與現(xiàn)在沒什么聯(lián)系；現(xiàn)在完成時表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與already, ever, never, yet, just等詞連用。 (湖南高考)It is the most instructive lecture that I _ (attend)since I came to this school.,3一般過去時與過去完成時的比較 一般過去時表示動作發(fā)生在過去；而過去完成時表示在過去某個動作發(fā)生之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，即“過去的過去”。 (山東高考)She was surprised to find the fridge empty；the children _ (eat)everything! (全國卷)If you don't like the drink you _ (order)just leave it and try a different one. 答案 has cleaned have been doing have attended had eaten ordered,4be going to與will表將來的比較 be going to表示按計劃或安排將要發(fā)生的事情；而will不強調(diào)行為的計劃性，多指臨時的決定或安排。 Mary is ill.I am going to visit her. Sorry, I didn't know.I will go with you. 瑪麗病了，我打算去看她。 抱歉我不知道，我和你一塊去。,