專項(xiàng)十三 特殊句式及其他,一、倒裝 倒裝句必考的五大句型：NAOSH (1)N代表none, neither, nor, not, never, hardly, little, seldom等否定詞，以及由no構(gòu)成的否定短語如at no time, by no means等置于句首的部分倒裝。,Part,規(guī)律印證 考 點(diǎn) 落 實(shí) ， 步 步 為 “ 贏 ”,邊 做 邊 悟,(2013·福建卷) 直到他經(jīng)歷了真正的困難他才意識(shí)到對(duì)家人的愛的重要性。 Not until he went through real hardship _ the love we have for our families is important. (2013·江蘇卷)這個(gè)男孩說：“我從來沒有懷疑過我爸爸會(huì)來救我?！?“Never for a second，” the boy says, “ _ that my father would come to my rescue.”,(2)A代表as/though，表示“雖然，盡管”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)用部分倒裝。 (重慶高考) 雖然他對(duì)那份工作的報(bào)酬不滿意，但是他為了得到一些工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)還是接受了它。 Unsatisfied _ with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.,(3)O代表only，“only狀語”置于句首時(shí)，句子用部分倒裝。 (2013·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷) 只有增加50%的醫(yī)生，病人才能在這家醫(yī)院得到妥善治療。 Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent _ properly in this hospital. (2013·江西卷)只有當(dāng)他為他的粗魯?shù)狼笗r(shí)，我才會(huì)再和他說話。 Only when he apologizes for his rudeness _ to him again.,(4)S代表so/such，so/such.that.結(jié)構(gòu)中，當(dāng)so/such位于句首時(shí)，其后的句子用部分倒裝。 (山東高考) 如此突然的攻擊，敵人已經(jīng)沒有時(shí)間逃跑。 So sudden _ that the enemy had no time to escape. (5)H代表here, there, now, then, out, in, up, down, on the wall, in the room等表示地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間或方位的副詞或介詞短語置于句首時(shí)，句子用全部倒裝。 (陜西高考)約翰打開門，他從來沒見過的一位女孩站在那兒。 John opened the door.There _ he had never seen before.,(重慶高考)重慶，中國(guó)最大的十城市之一，坐落在長(zhǎng)江和嘉陵江的交匯處。 At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River _， one of the ten largest cities in China. 答案 did he realize did I doubt though/as he was can the patients be treated will I speak was the attack stood a girl lies Chongqing,二、強(qiáng)調(diào) 強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：It is/was 被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分 that/who 其他部分。 (1)強(qiáng)調(diào)句的判別方法是：去掉It is/was和that/who后句子仍然完整。 (2013·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷) It was only after he had read the papers _ Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete. 答案 that 句意：看到那些文件后，格羅斯先生才意識(shí)到他面前的任務(wù)完成起來是極其困難的。本題是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)間狀語。注意It is/was.that/who.是強(qiáng)調(diào)句的標(biāo)志，去掉后，句子依然完整。,(2013·天津卷)It was not until near the end of the letter _ she mentioned her own plan. 答案 that 句意：直到將近信的結(jié)尾她才提及了自己的計(jì)劃。本題的題干為強(qiáng)調(diào)句型，被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分為not until near the end of the letter。 Was it on a lonely island _ he was saved one month after the boat went down? 答案 that 強(qiáng)調(diào)句的結(jié)構(gòu)是：“It is/was被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分that/who句子的其他部分”，表示“正是”或“就是”。強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)：Is/Was it.that/who.？,(2)強(qiáng)調(diào)謂語動(dòng)詞時(shí)在其前面加do/does/did。 (四川高考)If you have a job, _ (devote) yourself to it and finally you'll succeed. 答案 do devote 本句為“祈使句and陳述句”句型；do是對(duì)謂語動(dòng)詞devote的強(qiáng)調(diào)。,三、省略 (1)狀語從句的省略 在狀語從句中，如果主從句主語一致或從句的主語是it，且從句中含有be動(dòng)詞，可以將從句的主語和be動(dòng)詞一起省略。 (2013·江西卷) 如果有人要求為他照看行李，請(qǐng)馬上報(bào)警。 If _ (ask)to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once. 答案 asked,(2)不定式的省略 在動(dòng)詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中，為了避免重復(fù)，常常省略不定式結(jié)構(gòu)中的動(dòng)詞，只保留to。 (2013·新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)The driver wanted to park his car near the roadside but was asked by the police_ . 答案 not to 考查省略。句意：那個(gè)司機(jī)想把車?？吭诼愤?，但是警察不允許他這樣做。為了避免重復(fù)，常常省略與前文相同的部分，只保留不定式符號(hào)to。補(bǔ)充完整后應(yīng)為“was asked by the police not to park his car near the roadside”。,點(diǎn)津： 如果承前省略的不定式中含有be或have時(shí)，be和have不能省略。 Are you a doctor? No, but I used to be. He hasn't finished the work. But he ought to have.,四、主謂一致 1連接詞與主謂一致 (1)就近原則：由or, either.or., neither.nor., not only.but also.等連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列主語時(shí)，采用就近一致原則，即謂語動(dòng)詞和與它最近的主語在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 Either you or I am going to be in charge of this matter. (2)就遠(yuǎn)原則：主語部分包括as well as, rather than, but, except, with, together with, along with等連接其他名詞時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的形式應(yīng)與前面的主語保持一致。, (2013·福建卷)The famous musician, as well as his students, _ (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo. 答案 was invited 考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：那位著名的音樂家和他的學(xué)生被邀請(qǐng)?jiān)?012年臺(tái)北花博會(huì)的開幕式上演出。首先，結(jié)合句意可知應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)描述過去的行為；其次，as well as連接兩個(gè)并列主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)和前面的主語保持人稱和數(shù)的一致，本句謂語應(yīng)與the famous musician一致，用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。, (2013·江蘇卷)Generally, students' inner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development. 答案 is 考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。從題干可以看出本題的主語是students' inner motivation，因此謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。根據(jù)題中的Generally可知應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。,2分?jǐn)?shù)/不定量詞作主語時(shí)的兩大問題 (1)the rest, all, most, the majority, 百分?jǐn)?shù)、分?jǐn)?shù)等指代名詞或代詞作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與名詞或代詞在人稱和數(shù)上保持一致。 The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials, the rest of which _ saved for other purposes. 答案 were 考查主謂一致和時(shí)態(tài)。句意：這家工廠使用了65%的原材料，其余的節(jié)省下來以作他用。后半句中的 the rest of which 中的which 指的是raw materials, 所以謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。,One­third of the country _ covered with trees and the majority of the citizens _ black people. 答案 is；are 考查主謂一致。 句意：這個(gè)國(guó)家的三分之一被樹覆蓋，而且大多數(shù)公民是黑人。在第一空中，one­ third of the country 指“一個(gè)國(guó)家的三分之一”， 后面的謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。在第二空中，the majority 后面的citizens 為復(fù)數(shù)意義，故謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。,(2)由a kind of, kinds of, an amount of, amounts of, a quantity of, quantities of跟名詞或“名詞 of this kind”等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞與of之前的名詞保持一致。 This kind of apples tastes good and sells well. Apples of this kind taste good and sell well.,五、反意疑問句、祈使句和感嘆句 (1)反意疑問句用于主從復(fù)合句中，疑問句一般應(yīng)與主句的主謂語保持一致，但如果主句的主語是第一人稱時(shí)，疑問句一般應(yīng)與從句的主謂語保持一致。 There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _？ 答案 is there 陳述部分中含有表示否定意義的詞little，所以簡(jiǎn)短問句用肯定形式；陳述部分為there be句型，故簡(jiǎn)短問句應(yīng)用is there。,It doesn't matter if they want to come to your party, _？ 答案 does it 題干中主句為It doesn't matter，反意疑問句應(yīng)與主句保持一致。 I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, _？ 答案 didn't I 在反意疑問句中，若陳述部分是一個(gè)主從復(fù)合句，附加疑問句一般要與主句一致。,(2)祈使句做題的關(guān)鍵是搞清是祈使句還是非謂語動(dòng)詞作狀語，主要句型“祈使句and/or陳述句”。 (2013·湖南卷)Every day _ (read) a proverb aloud several times until you have it memorized. 答案 read 句意：每天都要大聲朗讀幾遍諺語，直到你能背誦為止。連詞until引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，前面為主句，主句是一個(gè)祈使句。 Before you quit your job, _ (consider) how your family would feel about your decision. 答案 consider 前面是Before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，故后面是主句。分析題干可知此處是省略了主語you的祈使句。,(3)感嘆句的兩種基本模式：What (a/an)(形容詞)名詞(主語謂語)！與How形容詞/副詞主語謂語！應(yīng)注意感嘆句作動(dòng)詞賓語時(shí)的情況 (遼寧高考) _ a strange plant! I've never seen it before. 答案 What 考查感嘆句。句意：多么奇怪的植物??！我以前從沒見過。此處為“Whata/an adj.n.it is/was”的省略結(jié)構(gòu)。,(北京高考)The shocking news made me realize _ terrible problems we would face. 答案 what 考查名詞性從句。句意：這個(gè)驚人的消息使我意識(shí)到我們將面臨多么嚴(yán)重的問題。此處what 引導(dǎo)的賓語從句是一個(gè)感嘆句。,1【誤】 Did he begin to learn English only when he was 30 years old. 【正】 He began to learn English only when he was 30 years old./Only when he was 30 years old did he begin to learn English. 解析 當(dāng)only 和所修飾的狀語位于句首時(shí)引起部分倒裝，如果不在句首時(shí)，則不倒裝。此外，當(dāng) only 用于修飾主語時(shí)，也不倒裝。如：Only the grown­ups are allowed to see the film.,考 點(diǎn) 警 示,2【誤】 Not only can he repair bikes but can he repair televisions. 【正】 Not only can he repair bikes but he can repair televisions. 解析 not only.but (also)的部分倒裝，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：not only 倒裝語序，but also 陳述語序。此外，當(dāng) not only.but also.位于句首連接兩個(gè)并列的主語時(shí)，主謂也不倒裝。如：Not only she but also I will get married next year.,3【誤】 I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a lot. So do I. 【正】 I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a lot. So it is with me. 解析 若前句為兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的分句，后句表示另外一個(gè)主語與前句有關(guān)的各種情況相同時(shí)，往往用：“so it is /was with 主語”或者是“it is /was the same with 主語”。,4【誤】 A child as/though he is，he is very brave. 【正】 Child as/though he is，he is very brave. 解析 由 as /though 引導(dǎo)的表示“雖然，盡管”的讓步狀語從句用倒裝語序，把從句的表語或狀語等放在 as/though 的前面，但是如果從句中的表語是名詞，該名詞前不加任何冠詞。,5【誤】 Are you and Jane getting married? We hope. 【正】 Are you and Jane getting married? We hope to. 解析 動(dòng)詞不定式在 like，love，care，want，hope，expect，prefer，refuse，decide，mean，intend，try，promise 等動(dòng)詞后作賓語時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)，常常省略不定式后的內(nèi)容，但是要保留不定式符號(hào) to 。,一、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與狀語從句 判斷下列句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型或狀語從句。 昨天午夜我回到了家里。 It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday. 答案 強(qiáng)調(diào)句 當(dāng)我昨天回到家里時(shí)，已經(jīng)是午夜了。/昨天我還沒到家就到了午夜了。 It was midnight when/before I got back home yesterday. 答案 狀語從句,易 錯(cuò) 防 范,二、強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與定語從句 判斷下列句子是強(qiáng)調(diào)句型或定語從句。 It was the room where the important meeting was once held. 答案 定語從句 It was in the room that the important meeting was once held. 答案 強(qiáng)調(diào)句,