2016高考導(dǎo)航適用于全國卷,專題3 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài),專題3 動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài),1(2015高考全國卷，語法填空，節(jié)選)This cycle_ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures. 2If it_(turn) cold again，theyll dive back down.But they come out again if it is warm.Last，how much will an ant gather during the summer to prepare for the winter?,考點(diǎn)一 一般時,goes,turns,3The boy_(open)his eyes for a moment， looked at the captain，and then died. 4(2015河南高考適應(yīng)性模擬)If I hold it for a minute， thats not a problem.If I hold it for an hour，I_ (have) an ache in my right arm.If I hold it for a day，youll have to call an ambulance.,opened,will have,1一般現(xiàn)在時 (1)一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。由動詞原形或動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式(be動詞的一般現(xiàn)在時用am/is/are)構(gòu)成。 My dream school starts at 8：30 am. and ends at 3：30 pm我理想的學(xué)校上午8：30上課，下午3：30放學(xué)。,(2)如果主句是一般將來時，那么在由when，while，before，after，until，as soon as等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，if和unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句及讓步狀語從句中，可用一般現(xiàn)在時代替一般將來時，表示將來的動作或狀態(tài)。 The president hopes that the people will be better off when he quits than when he started. 這位總統(tǒng)希望人民在他離任時比他剛上任時更富有。,2一般過去時 (1)常表示過去某一時間所發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示過去的時間狀語連用；也可表示過去習(xí)慣性的動作。 (2015高考重慶卷，單項填空，改編)Is Peter coming? 彼得要來嗎？ No，he changed his mind after a phone call at the last minute. 不來了。在最后時刻接了一個電話后他改變了主意。,(2015高考湖南卷，單項填空，改編)I wasnt able to hide my eagerness when I asked，“What do you wish me to do now？” 當(dāng)我問：“你現(xiàn)在想要我做什么？”的時候，我掩飾不住內(nèi)心的渴望之情。 (2)有些句子，雖然沒有明確地表示過去的時間狀語，但實(shí)際上指的是過去發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)，也要用一般過去時。常見的此類動詞有know，think，expect，want等。 Edward，you play so well.But I didnt know you played the piano. 愛德華，你彈得真好。但是我原來不知道你會彈鋼琴。,3一般將來時 “shall/will動詞原形”表示現(xiàn)在看來以后要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。“will動詞原形”還可以表示說話時臨時做出的決定。 (2015高考北京卷，單項填空，改編)Dr.Jackson is not in his office at the moment. 杰克遜博士現(xiàn)在不在辦公室。 All right.I will call him later. 好的。我稍后給他打電話。 I hope you will behave yourself at the dinner party. 我希望你在晚宴上表現(xiàn)得大方得體。,單句語法填空 1Years ago，when I was a poor artist trying to sell my paintings in local galleries，I_(live) in the heart of a city. 2(2015山東日照二模)Therefore，maintaining a healthy diet not only_(provide) your body with energy but also numerous health benefits.,lived,provides,3(2015河南考前質(zhì)量檢測二)Man changes his living habits in order to adjust to climate，but climate_ (change) as well，though more slowly.By learning more about his climate，man will find a way to adapt to or control it and live a more comfortable life. 4(2016安徽安慶五校聯(lián)考)I was very angry with Kelvin yesterday. I know your feelings，but if you forgive him，you_ (be) a bigger man.,changes,will be,1He_(look) for a house when he saw an advertisement in a newspaper one day. 2(2015高考陜西卷，語法和詞匯知識，改編)Marty _(work) really hard on his book and he thinks hell have finished it by Friday. 3(2015龍口模擬)McDonalds _(work) hard to get its customers back now.In January，the company ran an advertisement during the Super Bowl.,考點(diǎn)二 進(jìn)行時,was looking,has been working,is working,1現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時 (1)表示說話時正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行著的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 I hear you are working in a pub.Whats it like? 我聽說你在酒吧工作。感覺怎么樣？ Well，its very hard work and Im always tired，but I dont mind. 哦，工作很辛苦，我也總是很累，不過我不介意。,(2)某些表示位置移動的動詞，如come，go，leave，arrive，start，move等詞，可用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示即將發(fā)生或計劃要做的事。 The ship is leaving for New York soon. 這條船很快就要開往紐約。,2過去進(jìn)行時 (1)表示過去某時正在發(fā)生的動作,或與過去發(fā)生的某事同時發(fā)生的動作;也可表示過去某個時間段內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行的動作。 I walked slowly through the market，where people were selling all kinds of fruits and vegetables.I studied the prices carefully and bought what I needed. 我慢慢地走過一個市場，人們在那里銷售各種各樣的水果 與蔬菜。我認(rèn)真地研究了它們的價格之后，買了些我所需要 的。,(2)短暫性動詞可用過去進(jìn)行時表示過去按計劃、安排要做的 事。 I was coming to visit you later that day，but I had to phone and cancel.我本打算那天晚些時候去看你，但是我不得不打電話取消了。,3將來進(jìn)行時 表示將來某時或某一時段正在進(jìn)行的動作，常表示事情的正常發(fā)展。 Can I call you back at two oclock this afternoon? 今天下午兩點(diǎn)我給你回電話可以嗎？ Im sorry，but by then I will be flying to Beijing.How about five? 對不起，那時我正飛往北京，五點(diǎn)鐘怎么樣？,單句語法填空 1(2015河南頂級名校5月模擬)“I_(eat) with my wife and children，”he said，“when we heard a loud noise.A few minutes later our house fell down on top of us.” 2(2015臨沂模擬)Alice and her classmates_ (enjoy) their holiday this time next month. 3(2015山東師大附中模擬)They have lit our dinnertime，the bedrooms and now I_(sit) by one in the kitchen.,was eating,will be enjoying,am sitting,1(2015濰坊高考模擬) At last firefighters have put out a big forest fire in California.Since then，they_(set) about finding out how the fire began. 2(2015滕州5月模擬)One Friday afternoon，after she had finished shopping and had taken all the things to her car，she found that she_(forget) to buy some sugar. 3(2016山東鄒城一中月考)That was the first time I_(be) to Hong Kong so I had great difficulty finding the hotel.,考點(diǎn)三 完成時,have set,had forgotten,had been,一、現(xiàn)在完成時 1表示過去發(fā)生的或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成了影響或結(jié)果，常與lately，recently，so far，by now，up to/till now，in the last/past few days/years等時間狀語連用。 Progress has been so far very good and we are sure that the work will be finished on time.到目前為止，工作進(jìn)展得很順 利，我們確信一定會按時完工。,2表示過去已經(jīng)開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(也許還會繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去)的動作或狀態(tài)，常與“since時間點(diǎn)”或“for時間段”等表示一段時間的狀語連用。 I remember you were a talented pianist at college.Can you play the piano for me? 我記得你在大學(xué)時是一位極有才華的鋼琴師。你能為我彈鋼琴嗎？ Sorry，I havent played the piano for years. 抱歉，我好多年沒有彈鋼琴了。,二、過去完成時 1表示到過去某一時間之前動作已經(jīng)完成，即“過去的過 去”?；虮硎緩倪^去某一時間開始，延續(xù)到過去另一時間的 動作或狀態(tài)，這一動作或狀態(tài)可能一直持續(xù)到過去這一時 刻，也可能將繼續(xù)下去。 By the time Jack returned home from England，his son had graduated from college. 杰克從英國回到家時，他的兒子已經(jīng)大學(xué)畢業(yè)了。,2有時可表示一種未實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望或想法，常用于該用法的動詞有intend，mean，hope，want，plan，suppose，expect，think等。 He had intended to speak，but time did not permit. 他本想發(fā)言，可是時間不允許。,三、完成進(jìn)行時 完成進(jìn)行時表示從過去某一時刻開始，一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動 作。這一動作可能剛完成，也可能仍在進(jìn)行，具有持續(xù)性和未完成性。該時態(tài)多用于延續(xù)性動詞。 The manager has been telling the workers how to improve the program since 9 am從上午9點(diǎn)開始，經(jīng)理就一直在告訴工人們?nèi)绾胃倪M(jìn)這個項目。 In order to find the missing child，villagers have been doing all they can over the past five hours.為了找到那個失蹤的孩子，過去的五小時里，村民們做了他們所能做的一切。,四、將來完成時 將來完成時表示在將來的某一時間之前將會完成的動作，并往往對將來的某一時間產(chǎn)生影響。由“shall/willhave過去分詞”構(gòu)成。 By the time Mr.Smith arrives at the supermarket，we will have stayed there for one hour.等史密斯先生到達(dá)超市時，我們將已經(jīng)在那里待了一個小時了。,名師指津 常用完成時的句型,單句語法填空 1(2015淮安二模)Global oil prices_(fall) since June as demand weakens in China and Europe while output in the United States grows steadily. 2(2015高考北京卷，單項填空，改編)In the last few years，China_(make) great achievements in environmental protection.,have been falling,has made,3(2015浙江杭州一次質(zhì)檢)Mr.White_(work) in our school for nearly forty years before he retired last month. 4(2015聊城模擬)By next Thursday，they_ (complete) the construction of the new school.,had worked,will have completed,1(2015高考湖南卷，單項填空，改編)I had a strong desire to reach in and play with the toy，but _(hold) back thankfully by the shop window. 2After everything_(do) and just after he left the barbers，he saw a man in the street with long dirty hair.,考點(diǎn)四 被動語態(tài),was held,was done,3(2015日照模擬)Have they got our car repaired? I dont know.But it_(repair) when I called them yesterday. 4(2015江西鷹潭二模)If you so desire and cannot afford one，a lawyer_(appoint) without any charge before any questioning.,was being repaired,will be appointed,1被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成 被動語態(tài)由“助動詞be及物動詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成，be動詞有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化。被動語態(tài)常見的時態(tài)變化列表如下：,am/is/are過去分詞,am/is/are being過去分詞,have/has been過去分詞,was/were過去分詞,was/were being過去分詞,had been過去分詞,shall/will be過去分詞,should/would be過去分詞,shall/will have been過去分詞,Dont worry.The hard work that you do now will be repaid later in life. 不要擔(dān)心，你現(xiàn)在的努力工作在以后的生活中會得到回報 的。 In the spoken English of some areas in the US.，the“r”sounds at the end of the words are dropped. 在美國一些地方的口語中，單詞結(jié)尾的“r”的發(fā)音通常被省 略掉了。,2主動形式表示被動意義 以下形式常用主動形式表示被動意義：,smell，taste，feel，look，sound，prove，turn等后接形容詞作表語時。,表示主語的屬性、特征或功能的詞，如read，write，sell，wash等，常與well，badly，easily，smoothly等副詞連用時。,表示“開始”、“結(jié)束”的詞：如begin，start，finish，end等。,Your suggestion proved quite effective.你的建議已被證明是很有效的。,This pen writes smoothly.這支筆寫起來很流暢。,The party finished with a song.聚會以一首歌曲結(jié)束。,need，want，require(需 要)，deserve(值得)等后 接doing時。,The clock needs winding once a week. 這只鬧鐘需要每周上一次發(fā)條。,在beadj.(difficult，hard，heavy，dangerous，pleasant，comfortable等)to do結(jié)構(gòu)中。,Its difficult to see how more savings can be made. 看到如何進(jìn)一步節(jié)約是很難的。,單句語法填空 1(2015山東省實(shí)驗中學(xué)二模)She_(elect)to the New York State Assembly.In 1968 she announced she would run for the United States Congress. 2(2015江西九江三模)To the customers satisfaction，teas of the same high quality_(serve) in each shop every day. 3What a pity！I missed The Voice of China last night. Dont worry.It_(broadcast) again this weekend.,was elected,are served,will be broadcasted,技法1 先“時間”后“選體”，確定時態(tài) (1)考生在做有關(guān)時態(tài)的試題時，首先要確定動作發(fā)生的時間：根據(jù)句中明確的時間狀語或是時間標(biāo)志詞來確定時間；根據(jù)上下文語境，挖掘其隱含信息，弄清時間的先后順序，確定動作是發(fā)生在過去、現(xiàn)在還是將來。 (2)對應(yīng)不同的時間要根據(jù)以下幾點(diǎn)確定時態(tài)的“體”：動作是否已完成、是否反復(fù)出現(xiàn)、是否是正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行中以及是否是按計劃和安排要做的事情。,(2015臨沂模擬)The girl has a great interest in sport and_(take) badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. 【解析】 句意：這個女孩很喜歡運(yùn)動，在過去的三年里，她一直堅持每周上兩次羽毛球興趣班。根據(jù)句中時間標(biāo)志短語over the last three years可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時，故填has been taking。,has been taking,技法2 分析主謂的邏輯關(guān)系，確定語態(tài) 根據(jù)主語和謂語之間的邏輯關(guān)系確定動詞的語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)中的主謂部分除了明顯的被動關(guān)系外，還有特殊用法，如主動形式表示被動含義。,(2015高考湖北卷，完成句子，改編)The professor was delighted to find that two thirds of the project _(finish)by the students independently. 【解析】 根據(jù)主句中的was delighted to find可知，其后從 句表示的“三分之二的工程已經(jīng)被完成了”應(yīng)用過去完成時 的被動語態(tài)。,had been finished,