第一部分中考常用單詞、詞組用法辨析名詞類(lèi)單詞、詞組辨析 1. advice， suggestion【辨析】 （1）advice多指“忠告；勸告”，是不可數(shù)名詞，不可用an， many，a few等直接修飾，也不能在其后加s，但可以用some， much， a piece of等直接修飾。常見(jiàn)搭配有g(shù)ive some advice， ask for advice等。 （2）suggestion 多指供人參考的想法，是可數(shù)名詞，可用a， some， many，a few等直接修飾，有復(fù)數(shù)形式。常見(jiàn)搭配有g(shù)ive a suggestion， make a suggestion等。 注意：advise與suggest分別為advice， suggestion的動(dòng)詞，意為“向建議”。【舉例】 The lawyer gave me some helpful advice. 律師給了我一些有用的建議。 Do you have any suggestions on how to solve the problem properly？關(guān)于如何妥當(dāng)?shù)亟鉀Q這個(gè)問(wèn)題，你有什么建議嗎？ 【演練】（ ）1. Could you please give some _ to the _ teachers？A. advice； men B. advices； men C. suggestion； man D. suggestions； manA ( )2. I made a few _ about how we could spend the afternoon.A. advice B. advise C. suggests D. suggestions( )3. I have some problems with my English writing. Could you give me a piece of _?A. advice B. decisions C. information D. suggestionDA 2. cloth,clothes,clothing,dress,suit【辨析】 (1)cloth意為“布；布料”，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。當(dāng)表示“一塊布料”時(shí)，常用搭配為：a piece of cloth。當(dāng)cloth指具體用途的“布”時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞。如：a table cloth一塊桌布。 (2)clothes統(tǒng)指各種衣服，包括內(nèi)衣、外套、褲子，還包括帽子、鞋襪、手套之類(lèi)。它是復(fù)數(shù)名詞，不能與表示具體數(shù)目的數(shù)詞連用。當(dāng)表示“一套衣服”時(shí)，常用搭配為：a suit of clothes。 (3)clothing是衣物的總稱(chēng)，是集體名詞，只有單數(shù)形式。 (4)dress意為“禮服；連衣裙”等，指比較正式的服裝。 (5)suit意為“套裝；西裝”，一般多指男士套裝。 此外，dress,suit還可以作動(dòng)詞。dress作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“打扮；給穿衣”；suit作動(dòng)詞時(shí)，意為“適合；滿(mǎn)足”等。 【舉例】 Her clothes are made of fine cloth. 她的衣服布料精良。 This clothing is needed in warm countries. 暖和的國(guó)家需要這種衣物。 The black dress she wore at the party was beautiful. 晚會(huì)上她穿的那件黑色連衣裙非常漂亮。 James looked handsome in that gray suit. 詹姆斯穿著那套灰色西服看起來(lái)真帥氣。 【演練】( )1. This woman cleaned the floor with an old _.A. clothes B. clothing C. dress D. cloth( )2. Cristina is an elegant lady,she often wears beautiful _.A. cloth B. clothes C. suits D. clothingDB ( )3. The person opposite the street,who wears a _,is a woman,not a man.A. dress B. clothing C. clothes D. clothA 3. people, person,man【辨析】 (1)people表示“人；人們”時(shí)是集體名詞，表復(fù)數(shù)概念，不能表示“一個(gè)人”，只有當(dāng)表示兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的人時(shí)才可用people，如two people意為“兩個(gè)人”。people還可以表示“民族”，此時(shí)有單、復(fù)數(shù)之分， one people 意為“一個(gè)民族”， two peoples意為“兩個(gè)民族”。 (2)person是個(gè)體名詞，它泛指man，woman或child中的任何一個(gè)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式是persons。 (3)man意為“男人”，與woman相對(duì)，其復(fù)數(shù)形式為men；man也可表示“人；人類(lèi)”，此時(shí)man用作單數(shù)名詞，且不加冠詞?！九e例】 This hall is spacious enough to hold at least 1,000 people. 這個(gè)大廳足夠?qū)挸ǎ辽倏梢匀菁{一千人。 We all know that there are 56 peoples in China. 我們都知道中國(guó)有五十六個(gè)民族。 Who is the youngest person in your class？ 你們班里年齡最小的人是誰(shuí)？ Men and women are equal. 男女平等?！狙菥殹? )1. An old _ came in. She looked pale. A. people B. man C. person D. personsC ( )2. Some _ in this town speak Cantonese (廣東話). A. people B. person C. peoples D. child( )3. There are more than 20 _ in Yunnan Province.A. people B. peoples C. persons D. personAB 4. family， house， home【辨析】 以上三者都牽涉到“家”。family意為“家；家人”，指家庭或家庭成員。house是指居住的建筑物(房屋、住宅)，可以購(gòu)買(mǎi)、出租或出售。home意為“家”，帶有眷戀等感情色彩。 【舉例】 How many people are there in Simons family？ 西蒙家有幾口人？ He has bought a house in America. 他在美國(guó)買(mǎi)了一幢房子。 She gave up her job and stayed at home to care for her children. 她放棄了工作，留在家里照看孩子們。 【演練】( )1. My _ have lived in this village for over ten years.A. house B. family C. home D. parent( )2. She does her homework at _ every night.A. family B.house C.home D. roomBC ( )3. There is a big tree in front of my _.A. family B. house C. home D. addressB 5. street, avenue, road, path, way, route【辨析】 (1)street意為“街道”，指城市或村鎮(zhèn)中兩旁有房屋的路。 (2)avenue意為“通道；大街；林蔭路”，在英國(guó)指通往鄉(xiāng)村住宅，兩旁栽樹(shù)的小路。 (3)road意為“馬路”，常指城市與城市之間的大路或鄉(xiāng)村大路。 (4)path意為“道路；小路；軌道”，指未經(jīng)開(kāi)鑿，通過(guò)踐踏而自然形成的“小路”。 (5)way意為“道路；路線；路途”，指去某地的走法，又可泛指在途中。on the way to意為“在某人去的路途中”。 (6)route意為“路線”，通常是迂回的，可以包括數(shù)條道路或街道，有時(shí)甚至包括小路、小巷，使用范圍也較廣。 【舉例】 Go along the street, youll see it on your right. 順著這條街道走，它就在你的右邊。 The Fifth Avenue is a good place for shopping. 第五大道是逛街的一個(gè)好去處。 There are many cars on the road. 馬路上有許多汽車(chē)。 The path led up a steep hill. 小路通向一座陡峭的山丘。 Which is the way to East Park, please? 請(qǐng)問(wèn)到東方公園怎么走？ I met a friend on my way home yesterday. 昨天在回家的路上我遇見(jiàn)了一個(gè)朋友。 This bus route covers a large number of streets. 這路公共汽車(chē)行經(jīng)許多街道。 【演練】( )1. How can I get there? I dont know the _.A. road B. street C. way D. path( )2. There are many shops in the _.A. route B. street C. path D. roadCB ( )3. That postman is in charge of this _.A. road B. way C. route D. avenueC 6. noise， voice， sound【辨析】 (1)noise意為“噪音；喧鬧聲”，常指不悅耳、不和諧的嘈雜聲。 (2)voice指人的嗓音或說(shuō)話、唱歌時(shí)發(fā)出的聲音。 (3)sound泛指人們聽(tīng)到的各種“聲音”，可以是人或動(dòng)物的聲音，也可以是大自然的任何聲音。 【舉例】 Dont make any noise！ 別吵鬧！ Sherry， the lovely girl， has a really sweet voice. 雪莉，那個(gè)可愛(ài)的女孩，有著相當(dāng)甜美的嗓音。 Light travels much faster than sound. 光的傳播速度比聲音快得多?！狙菥殹? )1. Celion Dion is a fantastic singer. She has an amazing _.A. noise B. voice C. sound D. musicB ( )2. Can you hear the _ of the river？A. sound B. noise C. voice D. noisy( )3. Stop that _, noisy boys！A. voice B. sound C. noise D. musicAC 7. problem，question【辨析】 兩者都可表示“問(wèn)題”。problem指說(shuō)話者認(rèn)為難以解決的問(wèn)題，常與動(dòng)詞 solve或settle(解決)搭配使用。question則指說(shuō)話者需要尋找答案的問(wèn)題，常與動(dòng)詞ask或answer連用。 此外，problem可用于指數(shù)學(xué)、化學(xué)或物理等的習(xí)題，而question卻無(wú)此含義。 【舉例】 The problem is difficult to be solved. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題很難解決。 May I ask you some questions？我可以問(wèn)你一些問(wèn)題嗎？ Can you work out this chemistry problem？你能算出這道化學(xué)題嗎？【演練】( )1. Can you fix this? No _.A. problem B. problems C. question D. questionsA ( )2. The president refuses to answer further _ on this subject.A. question B. questions C. problems D. problem( )3. The physics _ Max worked out was really difficult. He was a genius!A. questions B. problems C. problem D. questionBC 8. work， job【辨析】 兩者都可指“工作”。job指具體的職業(yè)或零工，是可數(shù)名詞，a job表示“一份工作”。work通常用作動(dòng)詞，作名詞時(shí)常用作不可數(shù)名詞，a piece of work表示“一份工作”。 注意：work表示“著作；作品”之意時(shí)是可數(shù)名詞，其復(fù)數(shù)為works。 【舉例】 First of all， I should thank you all for your hard work. 首先，我應(yīng)該感謝大家的辛勤工作。 In my opinion, this is Rembrandts greatest work. 在我看來(lái)，這是倫勃朗最偉大的作品。 Work hard, and youll get a promotion. 努力工作，這樣你會(huì)升職的。 I heard you had changed jobs. 我聽(tīng)說(shuō)你換了幾份工作。 【演練】( )1. Its not easy to find a good _.A. job B. work C. jobs D. works( )2. He _ as a worker.A. work B.job C. works D. jobsAC ( )3. She has a lot of _ to do today.A. thing B. work C. works D. job( )4. Everyones done an excellent _ in todays debate(辯論).A. jobs B. job C. work D. thingBB 9. desk, table【辨析】 (1)desk 意為“課桌；書(shū)桌；寫(xiě)字臺(tái)”，指讀書(shū)、寫(xiě)字或辦公用的桌子，一般都帶有抽屜。另外，在車(chē)站等公共場(chǎng)所，專(zhuān)門(mén)提供服務(wù)的地方也可稱(chēng)為desk。如： Information Desk咨詢(xún)處。 (2)table意為“桌子；餐桌；臺(tái)”，指供吃飯、游戲、工作或安放其他各種東西的桌子或臺(tái)子。從廣義的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，它包括desk在內(nèi)。 【舉例】 There are fifty desks in the classroom. 教室里有50張課桌。 We all sat at the same table. 我們同桌吃飯?！狙菥殹? )1. There are three plates on the _.A. desk B. kitchen C. table D. drawerC ( )2. The speaker had several pages of notes in front of him on the _.A. microphone B. table C. desk D. screenC 10. earth, ground, field, land【辨析】 (1)earth意為“地；地球；泥土”，它著重指“大地”，以區(qū)別于“天空”，也可以指區(qū)別于堅(jiān)硬巖石的泥土。 (2)ground意為“地；地面”，主要指大地表面。不論是泥地、沙地或水泥地，均可用這個(gè)詞表示，也可用來(lái)指運(yùn)動(dòng)場(chǎng)地。 (3)field意為“田；地”，常用于指種植農(nóng)作物的“農(nóng)田；土地”，有時(shí)也可指研究、活動(dòng)的“范圍；領(lǐng)域”。 (4)land意為“陸地”，與河流和海洋相對(duì)，也可指“土地”，還可以表示“國(guó)土；國(guó)家”。 【舉例】 The earth moves round the sun. 地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。 The ground is covered with leaves in the woods. 樹(shù)林的地面上落滿(mǎn)了樹(shù)葉。 They are working in the fields. 他們正在農(nóng)田里勞動(dòng)。 We travelled by land until we reached the sea. 我們從陸路去一直旅行到大海。 【演練】( )1. Everyone knows that the _ is bigger than the moon.A. field B. land C. earth D. ground( )2. Fish cannot live on _, they live in the water.A. floor B. land C. field D. earth( )3. The little boy was lying on the _, he looked really relaxed.A. ground B. field C. earth D. landCBA 11. evening, night【辨析】 兩者都可意為“晚上”，但并不完全相同，它們的區(qū)別在于： (1)evening意為“傍晚；晚上”，尤其是指下午6點(diǎn)到晚上10點(diǎn)前，一般指晚上就寢之前的這段時(shí)間。它的反義詞是morning。 (2)night意為“夜晚；黑夜”，是指晚上10點(diǎn)至午夜這段時(shí)間。它的反義詞是day。 注意：下午下了班或過(guò)了正常工作時(shí)間是evening；到了睡覺(jué)的時(shí)候便從evening轉(zhuǎn)為night。 【舉例】 All he did that evening was sit around the house. 那天晚上他所做的就是閑坐在家里。 We sleep during the night and work during the day. 我們夜里睡覺(jué)，白天工作。 【演練】( )1. Time to sleep. Good _, sweetheart.A. evening B. night C. day D. job( )2. Supper will be served from 5:00 to 6:00 in the _.A. afternoon B. evening C. night D. midnightBB 12. boat, ship【辨析】 (1)boat 意為“船；艇”，是普通用語(yǔ)，主要指用槳、帆或引擎推進(jìn)的小船、小艇，但有時(shí)也指大輪船。 (2)ship 意為“船；艦”，多指大的航海船只。【舉例】 We crossed the river by boat. 我們乘船過(guò)河。 The ship is at sea. 船正在航海。 【演練】( )1. Lets go to row a _ in the park this afternoon.Great idea!A. vessel B. ship C. boat D. train( )2. They went from England to America by _.A. boat B. a car C. foot D. shipCD 13. sport, game, match, race【辨析】 (1)sport通常指“戶(hù)外運(yùn)動(dòng)”“戶(hù)外的游戲或娛樂(lè)活動(dòng)”，以鍛煉為主，如籃球、足球、田徑運(yùn)動(dòng)、跳高、游泳等。其復(fù)數(shù)形式sports可指運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)。 (2)game(美式用法)意為“游戲；運(yùn)動(dòng)；比賽”，指兩隊(duì)之間有組織的比賽，強(qiáng)調(diào)是為了娛樂(lè)而運(yùn)動(dòng)，或指以比賽勝負(fù)為主的運(yùn)動(dòng)。 (3)match(英式用法)，意為“競(jìng)賽；比賽”，大多數(shù)是指正式比賽。 (4)race主要是指賽跑、賽馬(車(chē)、船等)的比賽。通常是指速度方面的比賽、從起點(diǎn)到終點(diǎn)的競(jìng)賽?！九e例】 Fishing is my favourite sport. 釣魚(yú)是我特別喜愛(ài)的一項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。 Some children were playing games on the bank. 河岸上有些孩子正在玩耍。 There are two basketball matches next Sunday morning. 下周日早上有兩場(chǎng)籃球比賽。 He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic. 他將參加一次重大的橫渡大西洋的比賽。【演練】( )1. People all around the world enjoy _.A. sport B. game C. match D. sportsD ( )2. Lets play the _. A. match B. game C. race D. sport( )3. They were strong and won the boat _.A. sport B. game C. match D. raceBD