閱讀理解專題閱讀短文 ,回答問題AWhat sport do you like best?Daniel: I like basketball best. I often watch NBA. I play basketball every day. I am short, but I am strong. I am a good basketball player in our school.Lucy: Ping-ping is my favourite sport. I am a Chinese and Chinese ping-pong players are the best in the world. I want to be a good ping-pong player too. I often play it every afternoon.Tom: I am tall and strong. I like football best. My father is a football player. I often watch my father play football. My father often teaches me to play football. I play with my father and others in the park every day.() 1. What sport does Daniel like?A. FootballB. BasketballC. Ping-pongD. Swimming() 2. Who likes football best?A. DanielB. TomC. LucyD. Nobody() 3. What does Toms father do?A. A teacher.B. A doctor.C. A policeman.D. A football player.() 4. When does Lucy often play ping-pong?A. Every morning.B. Every afternoon.C. Every evening.D. At the weekend.() 5. Which of the following is RIGHT?A. Daniel is tall.B. Lucy wants to be a doctor.C. Tom is thin.D. The passage（文章）is about favourite sports.BHi! My name is Millie. I am from England. I am twelve years old. I am slim and tall. I have long hair. I like music. I listen to music every evening. I like reading and I am in the Reading Club. But I don tlike sports.Hello! I am Peter from America. But I live in Shanghai now. I am 13 years old. I wear glasses. I am tall and strong. My hair is very short. I like sports very much. Every afternoon, I play football on the playground at school. I am good at swimming too.This is Amy. I was born in Beijing and now I live in Nanjing. My father works in a hospitalin Nanjing. So we come here. I am fourteen years old. I am short but strong. I like playing computer games. I am polite and helpful. I often help other students.() 6. How old is Millie?A. TwelveB. ThirteenC. FourteenD. Fifteen() 7. Where does Amy come from?A. EnglandB. AmericaC. BeijingD. Nanjing() 8. Who wears a pair of glasses?A. MillieB. PeterC. SimonD. Amy() 9. What does Amy s father do?A. A teacher.B. A doctor.C. A policeman.D. A cook.() 10. What is Peter like?A. Slim and tall.B. Short and strong.C. Tall and strong.D. Thin and tall.閱讀理解所選短文體裁多樣，題材各異，文章涉及科學(xué)知識、社會文化、政治歷史、人文環(huán)境和日常生活等方面, 常見題型有主旨題、細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題、猜測詞義題和正誤判斷題。一、閱讀理解的應(yīng)試策略提高英語閱讀水平并非一朝一夕所能奏效的。 要想具有較高的閱讀水平， 考生就必須具備扎實(shí)的語法知識， 相當(dāng)數(shù)量的詞匯， 淵博的背景知識， 過硬的專業(yè)知識以及較高的分析能力、 認(rèn)識能力和邏輯思維能力等。 這就要求我們除了掌握好語言基礎(chǔ)知識外，還必須經(jīng)常大量閱讀各種體裁、題材的英語讀物，如英語輔導(dǎo)報(bào)、英語沙龍、英語學(xué)習(xí)等報(bào)刊上的文章。每天要根據(jù)自己的情況盡可能地多讀幾篇，這樣長期堅(jiān)持下去，詞匯量會得到擴(kuò)大，知識面能得到拓寬，閱讀速度也會逐步加快， 語言感受能力將會增強(qiáng)， 因而閱讀水平也會隨之提高。二、閱讀理解的應(yīng)試技巧應(yīng)該指出的是， 應(yīng)付測試不是閱讀理解的目的，只有通過長期的練習(xí)和積極思考才能真正提高閱讀能力，但應(yīng)試技巧可以 幫助考生增加自信心，并在一定程度上提高考試成績。下面的臨場應(yīng)考技巧僅供參考。1、如果文長題少，則以略讀的方式先讀一遍，而后帶著問題去查閱，求得要找的答案。2、如果文短題多，則應(yīng)先仔細(xì)閱讀該短文，再去做題。遇到某個題答不來時，可帶著該問題去查閱有關(guān)細(xì)節(jié)。3、如果問的是一段文章的中心思想，則應(yīng)重點(diǎn)讀段首句和段未句，看是否有主題句。有時主題句可能位于段中， 也有的段落無明顯的主題句，那就要自己分析、歸納中心思想。4、如果問題要求解答案數(shù)字、人名、地名、時間等，則可直接用查閱的方法來尋求答案三、常見題型的剖析( 一 ) 主旨題主旨題主要考查學(xué)生對短文中心思想或作者意圖的掌握。做此類題時， 應(yīng)通讀全文， 理解文章大意， 充分理解主題句的意義。短文往往圍繞主題句展開，主題句通常出現(xiàn)在短文第一句或最后一句。( 二 ) 細(xì)節(jié)題細(xì)節(jié)題是用來進(jìn)一步表達(dá)主題，體現(xiàn)中心思想的，往往針對短文某個細(xì)節(jié)來設(shè)題。做此類題時，應(yīng)快速捕捉信息，可能是一些事例、數(shù)字等，閱讀時要有針對性。( 三 ) 推斷題推斷題就是根據(jù)某個事實(shí)推斷結(jié)論， 主要考查學(xué)生的理解力和推斷力。 這類推斷通常包括：數(shù)據(jù)事實(shí)推斷、常識推斷以及作者的寫作目的、態(tài)度和傾向等的推斷。做此類題時，應(yīng)根據(jù)短文中的相關(guān)語句，對與事實(shí)有關(guān)的細(xì)節(jié)加以分析，找出線索，悟出字里行間的意思，反復(fù)比較，從而作出合乎邏輯的判斷。( 四 ) 猜測詞義題猜測詞義題主要考查學(xué)生根據(jù)上下文正確判斷靈活變化的詞義能力。一般情況下， 推斷詞義的題目中所出現(xiàn)的單詞，大多數(shù)是學(xué)生未曾見過的生詞，學(xué)生需要在該詞出現(xiàn)的上下文中去尋找線索。 通過閱讀上下文，斷定該詞的真正含義，然后將這個釋義代入文中，檢查是否貼切，仔細(xì)比較直到得出該詞的確切的含義。1. 通過因果關(guān)系猜詞通過因果關(guān)系猜詞，首先是找出生詞與上下文之間的邏輯關(guān)系，章借助關(guān)聯(lián)詞 ( 如 because ，as， since ， for ，so ，thus ，as a result然后才能猜詞。 有時文， of course ，therefore等等 ) 表示前因后果。例如：You shouldnt have blamed him for that，for it wasnt his fault.通過for引出的句子所表示的原因( 那不是他的錯) ，可猜出blame 的詞義是 " 責(zé)備 " 。2. 通過同義詞和反義詞的關(guān)系猜詞通過同義詞猜詞，一是要看由and 或 or 連接的同義詞詞組，如happy and gay，即使我們不認(rèn)識gay 這個詞， 也可以知道它是愉快的意思；二是看在進(jìn)一步解釋的過程中使用的同義詞，如Man has known something about the planets Venus，Mars ，and Jupiter with the help of spaceships.此句中的Venus( 金星 ) 、 Mars( 火星 ) 、 Jupiter(木星 ) 均為生詞，但只要知道planets就可猜出這幾個詞都屬于" 行星 " 這一義域。 通過反義詞猜詞，一是看表轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系的連詞或副詞，如but ， while ， however 等 ; 二是看與 not 搭配的或表示否定意義的詞語，如：He is so homely，not at all as handsome as his brother.根據(jù) notat all.handsome我們不難推測出homely的意思，即不英俊、不漂亮的意思。3. 通過構(gòu)詞法猜詞在閱讀文章時， 我們總會遇上一些新詞匯，有時很難根據(jù)上下文來推斷其詞意，而它們對文章的理解又有著舉足輕重的作用，此時， 如掌握了一些常用的詞根、前綴、后綴等語法知識，這些問題便不難解決了。4. 通過定義或釋義關(guān)系來推測詞義例如：But sometimes， no rain falls for a long， long time. Then there is a dry period， or drought.從drought所在句子的上文我們得知很久不下雨，于是便有一段干旱的時期，即drought ，由此可見drought意思為" 久旱 " ， " 旱災(zāi) " 。而a dry period和drought是同義語。這種同義或釋義關(guān)系常由is ，or ，that is，in other words，be called或破折號等來表示。5. 通過句法功能來推測詞義例如： Bananas， oranges ，pineapples， coconuts and some other kind of fruit grow in warm areas.假如 pineapples和 coconuts是生詞，我們可以從這兩個詞在句中所處的位置來判斷它們大致的意思。從句中不難看出pineapples，coconuts和 bananas，oranges是同類關(guān)系，同屬fruit類，因此它們是兩樣水果，準(zhǔn)確地說，是菠蘿和椰子。6. 通過描述猜詞描述即作者為幫助讀者更深更感性地了解某人或某物而對該人或該物作出的外在相貌或內(nèi)在特征的描寫。例如：The penguin is a kind of sea bird living in the South Pole. It is fat and walks in a funny way. Although it cannot flythe icy water to catch the fish.從例句的描述中可以得知penguin，it can swim in 是一種生活在南極的鳥類。后面更詳盡地描述了該鳥類的生活習(xí)性。( 五 ) 正誤判斷題正誤判斷題主要考查學(xué)生對文章的具體事實(shí)、 信息的理解能力。 一般是根據(jù)文章的事實(shí)或細(xì)節(jié)，給出一個句子，判斷其正誤。這類題比較直接，難度相對較小。做此類題時，應(yīng)先看題，后帶著“問題”快速閱讀短文，尋找所需要的信息。閱讀短文 ,回答問題CMy name is Rachel. I am a student in Toronto, Canada. It is the second largest country in sizein the world.Every day my brother Andrew and I go to school at 9:00.I dislike getting up at 8:00 in themorning! When we finally get up, we need to eat breakfast quickly at home and walk to school.At school we learn English and French, because Canadian speak English and French. Ofcourse, we also learn history, art, science and math.My brother s favourite sportis football. But I can t play football atthereschoolis no grassyarea on the playground.School ends at 3:30 Andrewand I walk back home. I have to do a lot of homework first.After dinner I can relax. My favorite hobby is going for a boat-ride with dad. Sometimes I go tothe park. I hope you can enjoy learning about my life.()11is the second largest in the world.A .Canada s sizeB. Canada s populationC. the number of the studentsD. Canada s food()12 Rachel and his brother go to school.A in the school busB in their father s carC on footD by bike()13 What language does Rachel learn at school.A English and scienceB English and FrenchC French and readingD Chinese and English()14 Rachel s brother likesbest.A volleyballB footballC baseballD badminton()15 Rachel has tofirst after school.A help his mother cookB do his homework C watch TV with his brother D have dinnerDMost children like watching TV . It s very interesting. By watching TV they can see and learn a lot and know many things about their country and the world. Of course, they can also learn on the radio. But they can learn better and more easily with TV . Why? Because they can hear and watchat the same time. But they can t see anything on the radio.TV helps to open children s eyes. TV helps to open their思minds維)，(too. They learn newerand better ways of doing things. They may find the world is now smaller than before.Many children watch TV only on Saturday or Sunday evening. They are always busy withtheir lessons. But a few children watch TV every night. They go to bed very late. They cana good rest. How about you and your friends?()16 A few children go to bed late because they _.A. are busy with their lessonsB. do their homeworkC. watch TVD. listen to the radio()17 Children can t see anything _.A. in the radioB. on the radioC. on TVD. by watching TV()18 TV helps to open children s _A. eyes and mindsB. mindsC. eyes or earsD. eyes()19 Many children watch TV only on _.A. Saturday or SundayB. Saturday or Sunday eveningC. Saturday eveningD. Sunday evening()20 Children can study better and more easily with TV because _EFish and chips, and Chinese take-away food( 熟食 ) are very popular in England. But they are less popular in the USA. In the USA, they eat take-away food, too, like fried chicken. But the most popular kind of take-away food is hamburgers. It looks like bread with meat in it. Hamburgers are delicious. They are very popular in the world.Chinese food has different tastesand is usually very delicious. Its also very popular in the world.()21 Whats the favourite food in the USA?A. Hamburgers.B. Fish and chips.C. Fried chicken.D. Take-away food.()22 What does the hamburger look like?A. It looks like a mooncake.B. It looks like a sausages( 香腸 ).C. It looks like bread with meat in it.D. It looks like a banana.()23 Which food has different tastes and is usually very delicious?A. English food.B. American food.C. Chinese food.D. French food.()24Are fish and chips and Chinese take-away food very popular in the USA?A. Yes, they are.B. No, they arentC. Yes, they were.D. No, they werent.()25 Who do you think likes hamburgers best?A. The old people.B. Children.C. Most of the people.D. Nobody課后練習(xí)閱讀短文 ,回答問題ATom likes fish very much. He often buys some fish in the shop and takes it home. But when his wife sees the fish, she says to herself, "Good ! I can ask my friends to have lunch, and we can eat the fish. They like fish very much, too."So when Tom comes home in the evening, the fish is not there and his wife always says, "Oh, your cat eats it " And she gives Tom some bread for his supper. Tom is very angry. He takes the cat and his wife to the shop near his house and weighs the cat. Then he turns to his wife and says, "My fish weighs one kilo. This cat weighs one, too. My fish is here, you see, but then where is my cat?"1. Where does Tom often buy fish?A. in the shopB. at homeC. in a schoolD. from his wife2._eat the fish.A. TomB. Tom and his wifeC. The catD. Tom s wife and her friends3. What does Tom have for supper?A. Some breadB. The fishC. Some rice and the fishD. Some fruit and chicken4. What does the underlined word” weighs ” mean in Chinese?A. 批評B. 稱重C. 宰殺D. 驅(qū)逐5. Which of the following is right ?A. Tom doesn t like fish.B. Tom s wife eats the fish with Tom at home.C. Tom doesn t have lunch at home.D. Tom can t find the cat.BHarry is eight years old. He goes to school near his home. He always goes there and comeshome on foot. One day he came home from school late. His mother saw him and asked him, "Why were you late, Harry?""My teacher was very angry and asked you to go to her office tomorrow.""To her office? Why?" his mother asked. "Because she asked a question in the class." saidHarry. "Nobody could answer it, but I could.""You are so clever, my son." his mother said with a smile. "What is her question?"Her question is "Who put the tomato on my chair and made my trousers dirty?" said Harry.49._ can answer the teachers question in class.A. NobodyB. HarryC. Many studentsD. Some students50.The teacher asked Harrys mother to go to school because _.A. Harry is eightB. Harry goes to school on footC. Harrys home is nearD. Harry made her angry51.The teachers trousers were dirty because_.A. she sat on the deskB. it was raining hardC. she sat on the tomatoD. she had them for a long timeCWhen you are reading something in English, you may often come across a new word .What s the best way to know it?You need an English-Chinese dictionary ( 字典 ).It will tell you a lot about the word , for example ( 例如 ) , how to read this word ,what it means in Chinese and how to use this word. But there are so many English words in the dictionary and how can you know where the word is? There is a way to look for it.In the dictionary you can first see the words beginning with the letter A, then B,C,D,Emeans, if there are two words ,“ desk ” and“ hour ” ,“ desk ” will be before“ Sunday ”“,tomato before” “ tomorrow etc”. The English -Chinese dictionary will be your goodfriend. I hope you will often use it in your English learning.52.When you don tknowa newword, the best way according to the passage ( 短文 ) is_.A. to ask your teacherB. to guessC. to ask your friendsD. to use a dictionary53. What does“ come across ”意思mean)i (Chinese in the passage? It means_.A. 遇到B.撞倒C. 越過D. 過來54.Here are four words ,“ face ” ,“ autumn ” ,“ film” and“ April” .Their right order ( 次序 ) in the English-Chinese dictionary is _.A. April, autumn, face, filmB. film, face, April, autumnC. face, film, April, autumnD. April, face, film, autumn55. This passage is about _.A. how to use the right words in your English writingB. how to read the new words in the English storyC. how to use an English-Chinese dictionaryD. how to choose a right English-Chinese dictionaryDOne day, Allan and his friend Henry went swimming in a river. It was very hot. How happy they were in the river! After they got out of the water, they played games in the sun for a while.On their way back, Henry saw some flowers. He liked the flowers very much and ran into the green field( 農(nóng)田 )to look at them. Now Allan was walking by himself.Then he heard Henry calling out, "A snake!Help!."“ Whats wrong with you?" asked Allan. “ A snake bit me in the leg. Come here!"Allan ran over and saw a small red wound( 傷口 )on Henrys leg.“ The snake was in the grassI.didnt see it," “ Sit down quickly"! Allan told Henry.Allan put his mouth at the little red wound and began to suck （吸） at it. In this way he saved Henrys life. "Oh, Allan, its very kind of you to help me."“ Thats all right. We are friends and we must always help each other."62. It was_ when Allan and Henry went out.A. hotB. coldC. rainyD. wet63.After swimming, they played in the sun_.A. the whole morningB. for 2 hoursClongD for a while64.Henry and Allan are_.A. workersB. good friendsC. brothersD. farmers65, Which of the following is true?A. Henry went to look at the flowers with Allan.B. They ran to the hospital at once.C. Allan saw the snake.D. Allan saved Henrys life.“ hour ” ;