UNIT 8 EDUCATIONAL PROBLEMSText A Fable of the Lazy Teenager Pre-reading Do you know any fables? What are they?Lion and the Mouse, The Hare and the Tortoise, The Fox and the Grapes, The Shepherd Boy and the Wolf, The Fox and the Crow, The Dove and the Ant, The Fox and the Stork. Picture Fable Talking Directions: 1. Work in groups 2. Rebuild the fables according to the pictures and key words 3. Select a presenter for your group 4. Tell your fable to the class and the moral lesson Picture Fable Talking Picture Fable Talking Draw a Snake and Add Feet to It Long long ago, several people had a jar of wine among them and all of them wanted to drink it by himself. So they set a rule that every one would draw a snake on the ground and the man who finished first would have the wine. One man finished his snake very soon and he was about to drink the wine when he saw the others were still busy drawing ,so he decided to draw the feet to the snake. However, before he could finish the feet, another man finished and grabbed the jar from him, saying, Who has ever seen a snake with feet?” Picture Fable TalkingGoing too far is as bad as not going far enough. Picture Fable Talking Picture Fable Talking The Fox and the Crow One day a crow stood on a branch near her nest and felt very happy with the meat in her mouth. At that time, a fox saw the crow with the meat, so he swallowed and eagerly thought of a plan to get the meat. However, whatever the fox said to the crow, the crow just kept silent. Until the fox thought highly of the crows beautiful voice. “I am sure your voice is even more beautiful than your feathers,” said the Fox. “Wont you sing a song for me, Queen of Birds?” The Crow was so pleased she could hardly sit still. She lifted her head high, closed her eyes and opened her beak to sing: CAW-CAW-C-CAW-W-W. The meat fell to the ground, right in front of the Fox. Picture Fable TalkingNever trust a flatter. Picture Fable Talking Picture Fable Talking The Milkmaid and Her Pail A milkmaid was going to the market. She carried her milk in a pail on her head. She dreamt about the eggs she would buy when she sold the milk. The eggs will hatch; then she will sell the chickens. With the money she earned, she would buy fine clothes for herself. “ Ill buy a new dress, and when I go to the ball, all the young men will dance with me!” As she spoke she tossed her head back. The pail immediately fell off her head, and all the milk was spilt. The girl went back without anything. She felt very sad. ah, my child, said her mother. “Do not count your chickens before they are hatched. Picture Fable TalkingDo not count your chickens before they are hatched. A Brief Introduction to Fable The term fable refers to a short story in which animals or inanimate objects speak and behave like humans, usually to give a moral point. The term comes from the Latin fabula, “a telling.” The greatest teller of fables was Aesop. He was believed to be a Greek slave who lived in the 6th century B.C. Another great teller of fables was Jean de La Fontaine. He wrote in France in the 17th century. La Fontaine based many of his fables on those of Aesop. Some of their best-known fables are The Lion and the Mouse, The Hare and the Tortoise, The Fox and the Grapes, The Shepherd Boy and the Wolf, The Fox and the Crow, The Dove and the Ant, and The Fox and the Stork. In the Chinese language, some idioms come from fables such as The Frog in the Shallow Well , His Spear against His Shield , Making His Mark. Typical features of fables Short tales Not based on facts Intended to give a moral lesson Not stated directly but deduced by readers Text A Fable of the Lazy Teenager Part DivisionPart I: (para. 1-para.10) Personal experience and his response a dialogue between the salesgirl and him 2. the authors feeling to the happening the problems American teenagers are facing such as ignorance, poor ability of calculations and other things 3. something about the son of the authors friend 4. the authors purpose of offering a fable Part 1 Questions and Answers1. Why did the author go to the drugstore one day? He wanted to buy some file folders. 2. How old was the salesgirl?3. What was the salesgirls reaction to the authors mental arithmetic (心 算 )?Under 20 years old. She was very surprised at it. 5. What was the author?He was a teacher at a college. 4. Did the salesgirl believe that the author did calculations by magic? Why or why not?Yes. Maybe she believed it because she could never do that. 6. What did the author think of American teenagers?He thought they are ignorant and lacking in knowledgeof world history and geography.Questions and Answers 7. In the authors opinion, what was the most serious problem for American teenagers?8. Why did the author give us the example of his friends son?9. According to the author, what would happen if there was an idle, ignorant labor force in a modern industrial state? They were indifferent to their ignorance.He just intended to show the seriousness of the problem. There would be many problems in society such asplane crashes, computer jams and breakdowns of cars. Questions and Answers 10. What was the authors purpose of offering a fable? He just wanted to make American teenagers understand the danger of their ignorance and intellectual laziness.Questions and Answers run out of: use up or finish a supply of (sth.) To our disappointment, our car ran out of gas halfway home. When they ran out of food, the soldiers set about hunting for more. 1. What is the meaning of the phrase “such an experience”?The phrase “such an experience” means “the salesgirls ignorance.”No modestly educated adult can fail to be upset by such an experience.2. Paraphrase the sentence.Any adult who has got average education will feel worried and unhappy about the ignorance the girl shows. modest: adj. immodest A modest little house1) Not very large/ expensive/important,etc.2) Not talking much about your own abilities or possessionsShe is very modest about her success.3) Of people, especially women, or their clothes, shy about showing much of the body, not intended to attract attention.A modest dress Adv. ModestlyYou really must be very good at what you do. I suppose I am, Kate said modestly. upset: vt. They are terribly upset by the break-up of their parents marriage. 1) make (sb.) worry or feel unhappy.be upset by / about Pattern: 2) make ill in the stomachThe foreign food upset me / my stomach. 3) knock over, causing confusionThe boy upset the glass of milk. Her plans were upset by the change in the weather. Collocation:ignorant: adj. knowing little or nothingShe was ignorant of her husbands illegal activities. Otherwise she would have done everything possible to stop him.ignorant about / of 在 方 面 無(wú) 知 的Some people are ignorant of the facts about global warming. 我對(duì)計(jì)算機(jī)一竅不通。Im rather ignorant about computer. sum up: give a brief summary (of sth.) My teacher would sum up the main points of the lesson before he ended the class.Alice summed up her Christmas holidays in one word: “Terrible.” accumulate: v. collect, or gather together, esp. over a period of time; make or become greater in quantity or sizeI have accumulated many books over the last few years. Dust quickly accumulates if we dont sweep our room. Collocation： 積 累 大 量 資 料 accumulate a huge mass of data 積 累 經(jīng) 驗(yàn) accumulate experience 積 攢 一 筆 財(cái) 富 accumulate a fortune 積 聚 一 大 批 藏 書(shū) accumulate a good library 兩者均可指積聚大量的東西。accumulate 強(qiáng)調(diào)經(jīng)年累月地點(diǎn)滴積累。例如：Through the years he accumulated sufficient money to buy a farm when he retired. He soon amassed sufficient evidence to support his case. 經(jīng)過(guò)多年積攢，他有了足夠的錢(qián)在退休時(shí)買(mǎi)下一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)。accumulate he just sits around the house all day. idle: adj. 1) lazy 2) not working Men are left idle when machines break down. 3) of no use His words were just idle threats; he cant harm us. Collocation：stand / lie idle 閑 著The machinery stood idle for a month. break down: The elevators in this building are always breaking down. Talks between the two countries broke down when the two sides failed to reach an agreement.1) stop working 2) fail 3) destroy; reduce or be reduced to pieces They broke the door down. Collocation： 逃 走 ， 逃 脫 break away 闖 入 ， 強(qiáng) 行 進(jìn) 入 ； 打 斷 ； 插 嘴 break in 闖 入 ， 強(qiáng) 行 進(jìn) 入 break into 逃 脫 ， 逃 出 ； 突 然 發(fā) 生 ， 爆 發(fā) break out 突 破 break through 打 碎 ； 結(jié) 束 ； 解 散 ； （ 學(xué) 校 ） 開(kāi) 始 放 假 break up drive home: make (sth.) clear so that people understand it Peter was lazy. His parents tried to drive home to him the importance of hard work.We must drive home to him where the difficulties lie. 我們必須使他徹底明白困難在哪里。 drive sth. home (to sb.) Pattern: Each of the following pictures stands for a Kevin Hanley in a certain year. Match the picture with the description and then tell the class how this Kevin livesPart 2 BDGECFAKevin 2050 ( )Kevin 1835 ( )Kevin 1928 ( )Kevin 1945 ( )Kevin 1966 ( )Kevin 1990 ( )Kevin 2020 ( )A BC DEF G Kevin 1835, a poor peasant in Ireland Kevin 1928, a steel-mill worker in Pittsburgh, U.S.A. Kevin 1945, a soldier fighting the Japanese army Kevin 1966, a student who studies all the time so as to get into college and law school Kevin 1990, a cleaner in a Japanese-owned factory Kevin 2020, a porter in a hotel for wealthy Europeans and Asians Kevin 2050, living in a slum and searching through trash piles for foodHow this Kevin lives better off: richer than you were before; more comfortable Its obvious that those who work hard are better off than those who dont. 現(xiàn)在，中國(guó)人的生活比以前強(qiáng)多了。Nowadays Chinese people are better off than they used to be. scared: adj. frightened (often followed by of / to / that-clause) The lady has always been scared of snakes. Im scared to fly in a plane. Im scared that it might crash. adequate: adj. enough (often followed by to or for) Is the transport system adequate to deliver the food to remote areas? 對(duì)于初學(xué)者來(lái)說(shuō)，這本書(shū)也夠用了。For the use of beginners, the book is adequate. Her knowledge of English was adequate for the job.CF: adequate, enough enough 指“能夠滿足一種欲望或需要”，比較偏重?cái)?shù)量，并可放在所形容的名詞后面。例如： Are there enough apples for everyone? sufficient 具 有 與 enough 相 同 的 意 思 ， 只 是 更 為 正 式 ， 并 較 強(qiáng) 調(diào) 程 度 。 Fill in the blanks with the adequate, enough or sufficient. 1) We havent got _ information from which to draw a conclusion.2) The pianist gave an _ performance.3) There is _food for six people.4) I hope you will prove _ to the job. sufficient adequate enough adequate CF: What can we infer from the fact that the factory in which Kevin 2020s father works is owned by the Japanese not the Chinese or people from other countries?It can be inferred that in the authors opinion the Japanese are the symbol of success because of their hard work, education and discipline.Kevin 2020s father, who is of course Kevin 1990 himself, works as a cleaner in a factory owned by the Japanese. 1. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 那 人 跟 凱 文 解 釋 說(shuō) ， 如 果 一 個(gè) 人 沒(méi) 有 錢(qián) ， 教 育 能 提 供積 累 金 融 資 本 所 必 需 的 人 力 資 本 。 2. Do you agree with that mans opinion? Why or why not?The man explains to Kevin that when a man has no money, education can supply the human capital necessary to start to acquire financial capital. they work and study and learn and discipline themselves. There are three words of “discipline” in this text (Para. 19, Para.20, Para. 21). Tell the different meanings of them in Chinese.The first “discipline” (Para. 19) means “訓(xùn) 練 ”, the second (Para. 20) means “紀(jì) 律 ” and the last one (Para. 21) means “約 束 ”. astonish: vt. surprise very much; amazeThey were greatly astonished at the extraordinary beauty of the picture. We were astonished to hear that he had passed his driving test. 這三個(gè)詞在表示“使驚異”時(shí)，意義相近，一般以事物或人作主語(yǔ)；以人作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。它們的主要區(qū)別在于：astonish 特指不可能解釋的事發(fā)生后使人產(chǎn)生較強(qiáng)的驚異感情。astonish 表示驚異的時(shí)間較 surprise 長(zhǎng)久。例如：CF: astonish, amaze, or similar in their construction, sound, meaning, or meter. This method adds balance and rhythm to sentences, giving ideas a smoother flow and thus persuasiveness, because of the repetition it employs. (1)Planes will crash. Computers will jam. Cars will break down. (Line 28) (2)He is always hot, always hungry, always scared.(line54) He lives in a slum where (3)there is no heat, no plumbing, no privacy. (line79) For example: The neighbor may steal your money, your friend may cheat you, your wife may leave you, your son may neglect you, but your dog will be with you, whether you are rich or poor. Class work: parallelism at least 3 sentences 2. Cause and Effect Essay Writing Cause and effect essays are concerned with why things happen (cause) and what happens as a result (effect). Cause and effect is a common method of organizing and discussing ideas. The following tips can help you draft this type of essay: 1) Distinguish between cause and effect. To determine causes, ask, “Why did this happen?” To identify effects, ask, “What happened because of this?”2) Develop your thesis statement. State clearly whether you are discussing causes, effects, or both. Introduce your main idea, using the terms “cause” and/or “effect” . 3) Find and organize supporting details. Back up your thesis with relevant and sufficient details that are organized.4) Use appropriate transitions. To blend details smoothly in cause and effect essays, use the transitional words and phrases. A Sample Stamp-collecting is an excellent hobby for many reasons. First, everyone, young and old, can participate. Second, it is not expensive. Expensive equipment is not necessary. Third, stamp-collecting can enrich peoples knowledge in history and geography. Finally, time, patience and interest are the only requirements of this fascinating and educational hobby. It is probably the most widespread of all hobbies. Some Common Connectorsis responsible for is the reason for leads to brings about causesresults in produces contributes to 1) effect (lung cancer.) cause (Smoking) occurs from results from follows from is due to is a result of effect (Lung cancer) cause(smoking.) 2)3) cause (He smokes heavily.) Therefore / Hence, So / Thus, Consequently, As a result, As a consequence, effect ( he gets lung cancer.) they are attracted by foreign culture_ . a good knowledge of English will help students get a better job when they graduate from the university. You are required to complete the following paragraph. Students study English for different reasons. The first reason is that students may need English to read articles and textbooks about their subjects in English. The second reason is that many students study English because they have to! English is part of school curriculum. _Another reason is that The last reason is possibly that As a consequence,_ they are studying English hard to know more about the English-speaking people and countries. _ 愛(ài)是什么？一個(gè)精靈坐在碧綠的枝葉間沉思。風(fēng)兒若有若無(wú)。一只鳥(niǎo)兒飛過(guò)來(lái)，停在枝上，望著遠(yuǎn)處將要成熟的稻田。精靈取出一束黃澄澄的稻谷問(wèn)道：“你愛(ài)這稻谷嗎？”“愛(ài)?！薄盀槭裁?？”“它驅(qū)趕我的饑餓?！兵B(niǎo)兒啄完稻谷，輕輕梳理著光潤(rùn)的羽毛。“現(xiàn)在你愛(ài)這稻谷嗎？”精靈又取出一束黃澄澄的稻谷。鳥(niǎo)兒抬頭望著遠(yuǎn)處的一灣泉水回答：“現(xiàn)在我愛(ài)那一灣泉水，我有點(diǎn)渴了?！本`摘下一片樹(shù)葉，里面盛了一汪泉水。鳥(niǎo)兒喝完泉水，準(zhǔn)備振翅飛去?！罢?qǐng)?jiān)倩卮鹞乙粋€(gè)問(wèn)題，”精靈伸出指尖，鳥(niǎo)兒停在上面?！澳阋プ鍪裁锤匾氖聠幔课疫@里又稻谷也有泉水。”“我要去那片開(kāi)著風(fēng)信子的山谷，去看那朵風(fēng)信子?！?“為什么？它能驅(qū)趕你的饑餓？”“不能。”“它能滋潤(rùn)你的干渴？”“不能?！睈?ài)是什么？一個(gè)精靈坐在碧綠的枝葉間沉思。風(fēng)兒若有若無(wú)。一只鳥(niǎo)兒飛過(guò)來(lái)，停在枝上，望著遠(yuǎn)處將要成熟的稻田。精靈取出一束黃澄澄的稻谷問(wèn)道：“你愛(ài)這稻谷嗎？”“愛(ài)?！薄盀槭裁?？”“它驅(qū)趕我的饑餓。”鳥(niǎo)兒啄完稻谷，輕輕梳理著光潤(rùn)的羽毛?！艾F(xiàn)在你愛(ài)這稻谷嗎？”精靈又取出一束黃澄澄的稻谷。鳥(niǎo)兒抬頭望著遠(yuǎn)處的一灣泉水回答：“現(xiàn)在我愛(ài)那一灣泉水，我有點(diǎn)渴了?！本`摘下一片樹(shù)葉，里面盛了一汪泉水。鳥(niǎo)兒喝完泉水，準(zhǔn)備振翅飛去。 “請(qǐng)?jiān)倩卮鹞乙粋€(gè)問(wèn)題，”精靈伸出指尖，鳥(niǎo)兒停在上面?！澳阋プ鍪裁锤匾氖聠?？我這里又稻谷也有泉水?！薄拔乙ツ瞧_(kāi)著風(fēng)信子的山谷，去看那朵風(fēng)信子?！薄盀槭裁矗克茯?qū)趕你的饑餓？”“不能?！薄八茏虧?rùn)你的干渴？”“不能?！?其實(shí)，世上最溫暖的語(yǔ)言，“ 不是我愛(ài)你，而是在一起?！?所以懂得才是最美的相遇！只有彼此以誠(chéng)相待，彼此尊重，相互包容，相互懂得，才能走的更遠(yuǎn)。相遇是緣，相守是愛(ài)。緣是多么的妙不可言，而懂得又是多么的難能可貴。否則就會(huì)錯(cuò)過(guò)一時(shí)，錯(cuò)過(guò)一世！擇一人深?lèi)?ài)，陪一人到老。一路相扶相持，一路心手相牽，一路笑對(duì)風(fēng)雨。在平凡的世界，不求愛(ài)的轟轟烈烈；不求誓言多么美麗；唯愿簡(jiǎn)單的相處，真心地付出，平淡地相守，才不負(fù)最美的人生；不負(fù)善良的自己。人海茫茫，不求人人都能刻骨銘心，但求對(duì)人對(duì)己?jiǎn)栃臒o(wú)愧，無(wú)怨無(wú)悔足矣。大千世界，與萬(wàn)千人中遇見(jiàn)，只是相識(shí)的開(kāi)始，只有彼此真心付出，以心交心，以情換情，相知相惜，才能相伴美好的一生，一路同行。然而，生活不僅是詩(shī)和遠(yuǎn)方，更要面對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)。如果曾經(jīng)的擁有，不能天長(zhǎng)地久，那么就要學(xué)會(huì)華麗地轉(zhuǎn)身，學(xué)會(huì)忘記。忘記該忘記的人，忘記該忘記的事兒，忘記苦樂(lè)年華的悲喜交集。人有悲歡離合，月有陰晴圓缺。對(duì)于離開(kāi)的人，不必折磨自己脆弱的生命，虛度了美好的朝夕；不必讓心靈痛苦不堪，弄丟了快樂(lè)的自己。擦汗眼淚，告訴自己，日子還得繼續(xù)，誰(shuí)都不是誰(shuí)的唯一，相信最美的風(fēng)景一直在路上。人生，就是一場(chǎng)修行。你路過(guò)我，我忘記你；你有情，他無(wú)意。誰(shuí)都希望在正確的時(shí)間遇見(jiàn)對(duì)的人，然而事與愿違時(shí)，你越渴望的東西，也許越是無(wú)情無(wú)義地棄你而去。所以美好的愿望，就會(huì)像肥皂泡一樣破滅，只能在錯(cuò)誤的時(shí)間遇到錯(cuò)的人。歲月匆匆像一陣風(fēng)，有多少故事留下感動(dòng)。愿曾經(jīng)的相遇，無(wú)論是錦上添花，還是追悔莫及；無(wú)論是青澀年華的懵懂賞識(shí)，還是成長(zhǎng)歲月無(wú)法躲避的經(jīng)歷愿曾經(jīng)的過(guò)往，依然如花芬芳四溢，永遠(yuǎn)無(wú)悔歲月賜予的美好相遇。 其實(shí)，人生之路的每一段相遇，都是一筆財(cái)富，尤其親情、友情和愛(ài)情。在漫長(zhǎng)的旅途上，他們都會(huì)豐富你的生命，使你的生命更充實(shí)，更真實(shí)；豐盈你的內(nèi)心，使你的內(nèi)心更慈悲，更善良。所以生活的美好，緣于一顆善良的心，愿我們都能善待自己和他人。一路走來(lái)，愿相親相愛(ài)的人，相濡以沫，同甘共苦，百年好合。愿有情有意的人，不離不棄，相惜相守，共度人生的每一個(gè)朝夕直到老得哪也去不了，依然是彼此手心里的寶，感恩一路有你！