Section Learning about Language & Using Language 課前自主預(yù)習(xí) .重點(diǎn)單詞1_ adv.部分；在一定程度上part n部分2_ v謀殺 n謀殺；謀殺案murderer n殺人犯3_ n片；張；薄片；被單4_ n女演員actor n男演員5_ n打字員type v打字typewriter n打字機(jī)6_ adj.流利的；流暢的fluently adv.流利地7_ n女主人host n男主人8_ n邀請(qǐng)invite v邀請(qǐng)partlymurdersheetactresstypistfluenthostessinvitation 9_ vt.約定；指定；任命appointment n約定10_ vt.籌集；提高；飼養(yǎng)11_ n操作員；接線員operate v操作；做手術(shù)operation n手術(shù)12_ adj.成熟的；到期的maturity n成熟13_ n樣式；流行；時(shí)尚fashionable adj.流行的14_ adj.易誤解的；令人誤解的mislead v誤導(dǎo)；將引入歧途15_ adj.不誠實(shí)的honest adj.誠實(shí)的honesty n誠實(shí)appointraiseoperatormaturefashionmisleadingdishonest 16_ n禁令 vt.禁止；取締17_ vt.促進(jìn)；提升promotion n提升18_ adj.不道德的moral adj.道德的immorality n邪惡19. _ n倫理學(xué)，道德規(guī)范ethical adj.合乎道德的，道德的 20._ adj.令人不愉快的；傷害人感情的21_ vi.小心；謹(jǐn)防22_ n消費(fèi)者；顧客consume v消費(fèi)；消耗23_ adj.可信賴的；可靠的banpromoteimmoralethicsoffendingbewareconsumertrustworthy .重點(diǎn)短語1_ 跌落；傳遞；減價(jià)2_移交；讓與3_與有關(guān)4_歷經(jīng)困難5_屬于6_對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)7_親自；獨(dú)立地8_被淹沒come downhand overbe concerned withgo to a lot of troublebelong tobe responsible forfor oneselfbe flooded with .重點(diǎn)句型1So，why do advertisers_so much money _ adverts?2You need to attach a small photo to your passport application_ you send it in.3Committee members recently appointed me their chairman and have asked me to_.4Unfortunately，_advertisers are good or honest people.spend on beforetell you how much we all appreciate your donationnot all 5_，most advertisers belong to advertising organizations that _educate and support their members，_make rules for everyone in the organization to follow.6_advertising，consumers need to be educated about techniques used by advertisers so they can judge the claims for themselves and not blindly accept everything that is said in advertisements.For this reasonnot onlybut alsoWhen it comes to 課內(nèi)研析探究 partly adv.部分地；不完全地Put partly in water，a stick looks as if it were broken.如果把一根木棍部分放入水中，它看起來就像斷了。She was only partly responsible for the accident.她只是對(duì)事故負(fù)部分責(zé)任。part adj.部分的 n部分partial adj.部分的；不公平的；偏愛的(常與to連用)partially adv.部分地；不完全地 sheet n片；張；被單A sheet of flame blocked his way out of the burning house.一片火海堵住了通道，使他無法從燃燒的房子逃出。The gift was wrapped in a sheet of newspaper.禮物被包在一張報(bào)紙里面。(as)white as a sheet臉色蒼白in sheets大片大片地；傾盆地 raise v.(1)抬高；提起He raised his eyes from his work.他停下工作抬起頭來。(2)(與to連用)增加；提高raise salaries/prices/profits etc提高工資/價(jià)格/利潤等raise ones voice/the temperature/standard of service提高聲音/溫度/服務(wù)水平 The workers asked the boss to raise their wages.員工們要求增加工資。He raised his voice so as to be heard.他提高了聲音以便讓別人聽到。(3)使產(chǎn)生或出現(xiàn)raise doubts/fears/suspicions引起疑問/恐懼/懷疑The horses hooves raised a cloud of dust.馬蹄揚(yáng)起一片塵土。 (4)使人人皆知raise a protest/question提出抗議/問題Their performance raised a cheer of the audience.他們的表演引起觀眾一陣喝彩。(5)收集；募捐raise an army招募軍隊(duì)raise a loan/funds for charity籌集貸款/慈善基金 (6)養(yǎng)活，喂養(yǎng)；種植I was raised by my aunt.我是姑母養(yǎng)大的。Raising a family on a small income is so hard.靠微薄的收入養(yǎng)家很難。 appoint vt.任命；約定；指定The time we appointed for the meeting is ten oclock in the morning.我們定的開會(huì)時(shí)間是上午十點(diǎn)。(1)appoint.(to be).任命為appoint sb.as.把某人任命為appoint sb.to do sth.指派某人做某事appoint sb.to a post派某人任職(2)appointment n約定，約會(huì)，任命make an appointment 約會(huì)keep an appointment赴約cancel an appointment取消約會(huì) The committee appointed him (as/to be) the director.委員會(huì)任命他為主任。They appointed him to do the work.他們指派他干這項(xiàng)工作。Ive made an appointment with a client and may not come back for supper.我和客戶有約會(huì)，可能不回來吃晚飯了。 come down跌落；傳遞；減價(jià)；敗落This song comes down to us from the 10th century.這首歌自10世紀(jì)以來一直傳到我們這一代。I dont think meat will come down this year，do you？我認(rèn)為今年肉價(jià)不會(huì)下跌，你認(rèn)為呢？ come about發(fā)生come to提及，共計(jì)；想到；獲知come out出現(xiàn)；出版come on開動(dòng)；快點(diǎn)兒come through公開；公布；安然度過come over來訪；突然感覺How did this come about？這是怎么回事？ hand over移交；讓與；交給某人The captain was unwilling to hand over the command of his ship to a young man.艦長不愿將軍艦的指揮權(quán)移交給年輕人，Before handing over to Jim，Id like to thank you all for your support.在把工作移交給吉姆之前，我要感謝大家對(duì)我的支持。 hand in上交；提交hand down傳給，遞下來hand back交還；交回hand out分發(fā)；隨便地提供hand on傳遞；讓與Please hand in your homework on time.請(qǐng)按時(shí)交作業(yè)。 be concerned with與有關(guān)The story is concerned with fairies and wicked magicians.這個(gè)故事與神仙和邪惡的魔術(shù)師有關(guān)。This book is concerned with a Russian family in the 19th century.這本書寫的是19世紀(jì)的一個(gè)俄國家庭。 promote vt.促進(jìn)；提升Our nation is trying to attract more foreign investment to promote our national economy.我國正在努力吸引更多外資來發(fā)展國民經(jīng)濟(jì)。He has been promoted and transferred.他被提升并調(diào)到別處去了。The company is promoting their new sort of toothbrush on television.該公司正在電視上推銷他們的一種新牙刷。 (1)promote growth促進(jìn)生長promote economic growth促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長promote physical culture發(fā)展體育運(yùn)動(dòng)be promoted to.被提升為職位promote sb.(from sth.to sth.)從提升為(2)promotion n促進(jìn)，增進(jìn)，提升He was promoted from a clerk to a manager.他從職員被提升為經(jīng)理。 fashion n方式；式樣He walks in a peculiar fashion.他走路的樣子很特別。Fashions in art and literature are changing constantly.文藝的潮流日新月異。When did this kind of garment come into fashion?這種服裝什么時(shí)候盛行起來的？fashionable adj.流行的；時(shí)尚的in the fashion of sb.像一樣；模仿某人come into fashion流行；入時(shí)be/go of fashion過時(shí)的；落后的 ban vt.禁止；取締 n命令；禁止The government has banned the use of chemical weapons.政府禁止使用化學(xué)武器。 There is a ban on smoking in this theatre.這個(gè)戲院內(nèi)不準(zhǔn)抽煙。Students are banned from bringing weapons into the school yards.嚴(yán)禁學(xué)生將武器帶入校園。ban sb.from (doing) sth.禁止某人做某事a ban on sth.關(guān)于的禁令 go to a lot of trouble歷經(jīng)困難 He went to great trouble to make his guests comfortable.為讓客人們感到舒服他費(fèi)盡了周折。have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困難take the trouble to do不辭辛勞做put sb.to the trouble of doing sth.麻煩某人做某事ask for trouble自找麻煩in trouble處于麻煩/不幸中g(shù)et sb.into/out of trouble 使某人陷入/擺脫困境He took great trouble to get the book for me.他不辭辛勞地為我搞到了這本書。 be responsible for 對(duì)負(fù)責(zé)We are responsible for our own actions.我們應(yīng)對(duì)自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)。The boy was responsible for feeding the chickens.那個(gè)男孩負(fù)責(zé)喂雞。注意：responsible作“負(fù)責(zé)任的”講時(shí)，是表語形容詞，不作定語。若人作主語表示“應(yīng)負(fù)責(zé)任的”；若主語是物表示造成事實(shí)的原因。 This pilot of the plane is responsible for the passengers safety.飛機(jī)駕駛員應(yīng)對(duì)旅客的安全負(fù)責(zé)。Social changes are responsible for many of our modern problems.社會(huì)變革是引起我們?cè)S多現(xiàn)代問題的原因。hold sb.responsible for sth.為某事而怪罪某人be responsible to sb.對(duì)某人負(fù)責(zé) I will hold you personally responsible if anything goes wrong.如果有差錯(cuò)，我要你個(gè)人負(fù)起責(zé)任。Every worker is responsible to the boss.每位員工都應(yīng)對(duì)老板負(fù)責(zé)。 be flooded with被所淹沒The Children were flooded with flowers.孩子們被鮮花所簇?fù)碇?(1)flood v泛濫；涌來(去)；充滿flood sb./sth.with sth.給某人大量的某物flood in/into大量涌入(某處)flood out of sth.蜂擁而出flood over sb.(思想/感情)充溢，涌現(xiàn)flood sb.out洪水使人背井離鄉(xiāng)(2)flood n洪水；大批；大量(的人或事物)in flood在泛濫at the flood在漲潮時(shí)，在方便而有利的時(shí)機(jī)a flood of大量的Letters came flooding in from the angry.憤怒觀眾的來信如潮水般地涌來。 .完成句子1He _his parents (部分地依靠) because he is disabled.答案：depends partly on2The rain was _(滂沱而下)，so we couldnt walk home.答案：coming down in sheets3The comments which he made_(關(guān)于市場(chǎng)) bothered his boss greatly.答案：concerning marketing 4Techniques for _(促進(jìn)睡眠) would involve learning to control both mind and body so that sleep can occur.答案：promoting sleep5This advertisement appeals to a wish to_(流行)答案：be in fashion6They _(正在禁止) the advertisement of alcoholic drinks.答案：are banning 7He has some trouble_(讓車起動(dòng)起來)，for he is only seven years old.答案：getting the car started8Even though parents no longer live together，they each continue to_(對(duì)他們的孩子負(fù)責(zé))答案：be responsible for their children9Memories of his childhood came_(涌回)答案：flooding back .單句語法填空1The peoples living standard has been greatly _ (raise) in the recent years.答案：raised2Price _(rise) gradually.答案：rises3Amie Salmon，disabled，is attended throughout her school days by a nurse _(appoint) to guard her.答案：appointed 4When it _ (come) politics，I know nothing.答案：comes to5This custom has been handed _since the 18th century.答案：down6The teacher told you to hand _ your homework on time.答案：in So，why do advertisers spend so much money on advertisements? 那么，為什么廣告商在廣告上花費(fèi)如此多的錢呢？句中spend so much money on advertisements是動(dòng)詞spend所構(gòu)成的短語結(jié)構(gòu)spend money on sth.。另外spend亦可構(gòu)成另一結(jié)構(gòu)：spend time/money (in) doing sth.。 She spends too much money on those spoiled kids of hers.她在被寵壞的孩子們身上花錢太多了。Much of my time is spent studying financial reports.我的大部分時(shí)間都花在研究金融報(bào)告上。I spent a pleasant hour in talking with friends.我跟朋友交談，愉快地度過了一個(gè)鐘頭。 You need to attach a small photo to your passport application before you send it in. 你需要在郵寄前在你的護(hù)照申請(qǐng)上貼一張小照片。句中before為連詞，意為“在之前”，引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。Where did you work before you came here?在來這里前，你在哪里工作？The fire lasted about four hours before the fire fighters could control it.大火持續(xù)了大約四個(gè)小時(shí)消防人員才把它控制住。 before在引導(dǎo)從句時(shí)的常見用法和譯法：He asked a second question before I could answer the first one.我還沒來得及回答第一個(gè)問題，他又問了一個(gè)問題。I must write it down before I forget it.趁我還沒有忘記，我得把它寫下來。We had sailed two days before we saw land.我們航行了兩天才看到陸地。We arrived there before it started to rain.我們到那兒時(shí)天還沒有下雨。 We.cannot thank you enough.(我們將)不勝感激。句中cannot.enough為否定結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“無論怎樣也不過分”。否定結(jié)構(gòu)表示肯定意義的還有：cant/never (.)tooto；cant.any more等。Its never too late to learn.活到老，學(xué)到老。You cant be too careful.你越仔細(xì)越好。I couldnt agree any more.我非常同意。 Unfortunately，not all advertisers are good or honest people.不幸的是，并不是所有的廣告商都誠實(shí)、正直。not和all，every，both連用表部分否定，不論not是在句中還是在句首。Not everyone agrees with his suggestion.(Everyone does not agree with his suggestion.)并不是每個(gè)人都同意他的提議。 Not both of them belong to the same organization.(Both of them dont belong to the same organization.)他們兩個(gè)并不屬于同一個(gè)組織。表示部分否定的有：not all，not both，not each，not every等；表示全部否定的有：none，nothing，no one，neither等。 (1)for.reason(for the reason of)是固定短語，表原因。We have to put off the meeting for the reason of his absence.由于他的缺席，我們不得不推遲會(huì)議。He was absent.For that reason，we have to put off the meeting.他沒來。為此，我們不得不推遲會(huì)議。 (2)not onlybut also用以引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)并列的成分(如名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞及介詞短語等)，如用以引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)分句，則第一個(gè)分句要倒裝。She is not only bright but also hardworking.她不僅聰明，并且能干。Not only is this city beautiful，but (also) people in it are very kind.這個(gè)城市不僅很漂亮，這里的居民也很熱情。 When it comes to advertising，consumers need to be educated about techniques used by advertisers so they can judge the claims for themselves and not blindly accept everything that is said in advertisements. 涉及廣告時(shí)，消費(fèi)者需要了解廣告商所使用的伎倆，這樣他們才能面對(duì)各種廣告做出自己的判斷，而不至于盲目地接受廣告中所說的一切。 (1)本句是復(fù)合句，包含一個(gè)由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句，主句是并列句，以so連接。第一個(gè)分句中的used by advertisers是過去分詞，充當(dāng)定語；第二個(gè)分句中的that is said in advertisement是定語從句，修飾everything。(2)when it comes to是個(gè)固定短語，意思是“談到；涉及”。The school has very good teachers，but when it comes to buildings，the school looks poor.這學(xué)校擁有優(yōu)秀的老師，但說到建筑，則看上去很破爛。 .選詞填空I agree with most of what you said，but I dont agree with _.(everything，anything，something)答案：everything .完成句子1不僅學(xué)生們?cè)谥矘洌蠋熞苍谥矘?。Not only_trees，but also_.答案：are the students planting；the teacher is2_(為此)，we changed the name of our company.答案：For this reason3當(dāng)談到修電腦，我懂得很少。_，I have little knowledge of it.答案：When it comes to repairing a computer 謝謝觀看！