專題六卷別年份命題形式信息提示形式體裁寫作內(nèi)容新高考全國卷2020讀后續(xù)寫英語材料記敘文“好主意”幫助貧困家庭浙江卷2020讀后續(xù)寫英語材料記敘文遭遇北極熊2019概要寫作英語材料概要如何表揚與批評孩子2018讀后續(xù)寫英語材料記敘文騎馬歷險記2017讀后續(xù)寫英語材料記敘文途中遇險命題規(guī)律1根據(jù)最近五年高考，以考查讀后續(xù)寫為主，考查概要寫作為輔。除2019年外，均考查讀后續(xù)寫。2讀后續(xù)寫基本上是記敘文。記敘文大多離不開六要素：who，when，where，what，how，why。在閱讀時，找出六要素，文章的結(jié)構(gòu)自然水落石出。命題趨勢1預(yù)計2021年仍將以考查讀后續(xù)寫為主，重在考查考生的閱讀能力，想象能力和寫作能力。2所選文章仍以記敘文為主，此類文章材料難度適中，易于理解；話題貼近考生的日常生活，能夠體現(xiàn)社會正能量。A篇 (2020·新高考全國卷)閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。The Meredith family lived in a small community.As the economy was in decline，some people in the town had lost their jobs.Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet.People were trying to help each other meet the challenges.Mrs.Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman.She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor.She knew they had problems，and they needed all kinds of help.When she had time，she would bring food and medicine to them.One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before.There was a man sick in bed，his wife，who took care of him and could not go out to work，and their little boy.The little boyhis name was Bernardhad interested her very much.“I wish you could see him，” she said to her own children，John，Harry，and Clara.“He is such a help to his mother.He wants very much to earn some money，but I don't see what he can do.”After their mother left the room，the children sat thinking about Bernard.“I wish we could help him to earn money ，” said Clara.“His family is suffering so much.”“So do I，” said Harry.“We really should do something to assist them.”For some moments，John said nothing，but，suddenly，he sprang to his feet and cried，“I have a great idea！I have a solution that we can all help accomplish(完成)”The other children also jumped up all attention.When John had an idea，it was sure to be a good one.“I tell you what we can do，” said John.“You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us？Well，we can make popcorn (爆米花)，and put it into paper bags，and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it.”注意：1續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2請按如下格式作答。When Mrs.Meredith heard of John's idea，she thought it was a good one，too.With everything ready，Bernard started out on his new business.【參考范文】Paragraph 1：When Mrs.Meredith heard of John's idea，she thought it was a good one，too.Very soon，the children learnt how to pop the corn and then were busy in doing this “big” thing.At the same time，their mother went out to buy the paper bags that they needed.When she came back，she brought with her Bernard.Bernard felt grateful to all of them for what they had done for him.Paragraph 2：With everything ready，Bernard started out on his new business.Much sooner than could be expected，he returned with an empty basket and so much money that he had never seen before.He was so delighted that he could hardly speak，but his bright smiling face spoke for him.For many weeks，every Saturday，the three children would prepare popcorn for Bernard to sell.This little boy therefore could help support his family.All of this was because of John's bright idea.B篇 (2020·7浙江卷)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個完整的故事。One fall，my wife Elli and I had a single goal：to photograph polar bears.We were staying at a research camp outside “the polar bear capital of the world”the town of Churchill in Manitoba，Canada.Taking pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous.Polar bearslike all wild animalsshould be photographed from a safe distance.When I'm face to face with a polar bear，I like it to be through a camera with a telephoto lens.But sometimes，that is easier said than done.This was one of those times.As Elli and I cooked dinner，a young male polar bear who was playing in a nearby lake sniffed，and smelled our garlic breadThe hungry bear followed his nose to our camp，which was surrounded by a high wire fenceHe pulled and bit the wire.He stood on his back legs and pushed at the wooden fence posts.Terrified，Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew.We yelled at the bear，hit pots hard，and fired blank shotgun shells into the air.Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off.Not this polar bear thoughhe just kept trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws(爪子)I radioed the camp manager for help.He told me a helicopter was on its way，but it would be 30 minutes before it arrived.Making the best of this close encounter(相遇)，I took some pictures of the bear.Elli and I feared the fence wouldn't last through 30 more minutes of the bear's punishment.The camp manager suggested I use pepper sprayThe spray burns the bears' eyes，but doesn't hurt them.So I approached our uninvited guest slowly and，through the fence，sprayed him in the face.With an angry roar (吼叫)，the bear ran to the lake to wash his eyes.注意：1所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2至少使用5個短文中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語；3續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好；4續(xù)寫完成后，請用下劃線標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語。Paragraph 1：A few minutes later，the bear headed back._Paragraph 2：At that very moment，the helicopter arrived._【參考范文】Paragraph 1：A few minutes later，the bear headed back.He exposed his sharp teeth，glaring at us as he ran forward.And again the bear stood on his back legs，wanting to snap at the fence like a monster.It seemed that his mouth was full of blood and his eyes were red with anger.Seeing such terrible sight，I could feel a coldness flooding from my back.Elli was stunned there，with the mouth widely open.I had to take action，so I picked my courage and tried to frighten him away with the pepper spray，but finally failed.Paragraph 2：At that very moment，the helicopter arrived.It landed near our camp and its loud noises scared the bear.He looked irritated and charged at us again.I cried out，“Watch out！”We instantly stepped away and ran as fast as we could to the helicopter.Thank goodness！We succeeded in climbing onto the helicopter，gasping with relief.Looking down at the bear，we found that he was eating the bread we just made.Several hours later，we arrived at home safe and sound，but we realized that we should do something to help the bears.C篇 (2019·浙江卷)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容寫一篇60詞左右的內(nèi)容概要。Parents everywhere praise their kids.Jenn Berman，author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids，says，“We've gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.”By giving kids a lot of praise，parents think they're building their children's confidence，when，in fact，it may be just the opposite.Too much praise can backfire and，when given in a way that's insincere，make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents' praise has put them.Still，don't go too far in the other direction.Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.Kids will feel like they're not good enough or that you don't care and，as a result，may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments.So what is the right amount of praise？Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome，you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward.“We should especially recognize our children's efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal，”says Donahue，author of Parenting Without Fear：Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters.“One thing to remember is that it's the process not the end product that matters.”Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team.But if he's out there every day and playing hard，you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard，cook dinner，or finish a book report.But whatever it is，praise should be given on a case­by­case basis and be proportionate (相稱的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it._【參考范文】Nowadays，parents tend to offer considerate praise to their children，hoping to boost their confidence，but it may produce the opposite effect.However，no praise from parents also does harm to their self­confidence.Therefore，experts claim that sincere praise should be given for the process not for the result.Meanwhile，kids do deserve praise if they strive to do their duty.Anyway，the amount of praise you give depends on how hard they work.D篇 (2018·浙江卷)閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所給情節(jié)進行續(xù)寫，使之構(gòu)成一個完整的故事。It was summer，and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before.He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West.We took a plane to Albuquerque，a big city in the state of New Mexico.We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon.Uncle Paul，my dad's friend，picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos.His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle.My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby.Very early in the morning，Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast.“The day starts at dawn on my farm，”he said.After breakfast，I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens，while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze(吃草)I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses.They looked really cool.In the afternoon，I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride，and he said yes，as long as my dad went with me.I wasn't going to take a horse ride by myself anyway.So，my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats，got on our horses，and headed slowly towards the mountains.“Don't be late for supper，”Uncle Paul cried，“and keep to the track so that you don't get lost！”“OK！”My dad cried back.After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sightIt was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks，the deep green pine trees，and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene.It looked like a beautiful woven(編織的) blanket spread out upon the ground just for us.注意：1所續(xù)寫短文的詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2至少使用5個短文中標(biāo)有下劃線的關(guān)鍵詞語；3續(xù)寫部分分為兩段，每段的開頭語已為你寫好；4續(xù)寫完成后，請用下劃線標(biāo)出你所使用的關(guān)鍵詞語。Paragraph 1：Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse._Paragraph 2：We had no idea where we were and it got dark._【參考范文1】Paragraph 1：Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.“What a lovely rabbit！”I shouted with terrific excitement.It was quite different from those I saw in our city，thus immediately stimulating my interest.Dad was also stunned by this special rabbit，gawking at it motionlessly.“Dad，let's catch it as our pet！”I suggested，unexpectedly receiving his prompt agreement.Entirely forgetting what Uncle Paul had told us，we chased after that pretty rabbit，frantic with rapture. Unfortunately，so clever and swift was it that it disappeared in the forest before long.Not until then did we realize that the last ray of twilight was quickly disappearing among the numerous trees and we couldn't find our track at all！We did get lostParagraph 2：We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark.The bone­chilling wind howled fiercely like a wolf，making the darkness even more suffocating.“Dad，what can we do？”I threw my arms around him tightly，quivering and seized by stark horror.“All is going well！”Dad answered in a gentle voice，calm and mollified.We wandered in the scary forest and didn't know what horrible things would happen to us，hoping to find the way back.Suddenly，we heard the sound of water rolling down the riverWe were over the moon and decided to follow the river.After a while，we heard the familiar sound of sheep and then caught sight of the farm houseThe family were waiting for us in the distance.Seeing this，a radiant smile lit up both of our faces.【參考范文2】Paragraph 1：Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.My horse was so frightened that it began running ferociously.I could feel the air hitting my face heavily and hear my dad's hysterical cry from a distance.My heart was pumping wildly and my blood was pulsing through my veins.I pulled back the reins，distracted the horse and tried every means to stop the horse but in vain.After what seemed an eternity，my dad caught up with me breathlessly and managed to stop my horse.But we found that we were in distress，with no track beside us.Paragraph 2：We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark.The river beside us was still and serene under the last ray of sunshine but we didn't have the mood to enjoy it.Suddenly，it occurred to us that there was also a river nearby the farm house.Realizing the river may be a guide back，our spirits soared and we began to trot briskly along the river.Just a few minutes later, catching sight of the silhouette of the house，I felt a feeling of relief and relaxation surged through me.I could picture Uncle Paul's smiling face and our delicious supper and I thought to myself that our being lost added a special taste to my adventurous vacation which I would remember all my life.題型解讀讀后續(xù)寫是閱讀理解和書面表達的溝通橋梁。讀后續(xù)寫考查的是考生在閱讀文章的基礎(chǔ)上，分析文章的邏輯，運用準(zhǔn)確豐富的語言，展現(xiàn)創(chuàng)造力與想象力的能力。在高考中，讀后續(xù)寫題型為第四部分寫作的第二節(jié)，與概要寫作題型在不同考次中不定期交替出現(xiàn)。該題型分值25分，建議用時30分鐘左右。讀后續(xù)寫題型的構(gòu)成為：提供一段350詞以內(nèi)的語言材料，要求考生依據(jù)該材料內(nèi)容、所給段落開頭語進行續(xù)寫(150詞左右)，將其發(fā)展成一篇與給定材料有邏輯銜接、情節(jié)和結(jié)構(gòu)完整的短文。由于記敘文上下文連貫性強，結(jié)構(gòu)清晰，更適用于讀后續(xù)寫題型，所以該部分所選文章一般是以記事為主的記敘文，此類閱讀材料難度適中，易于理解。解題步驟讀后續(xù)寫一般遵循以下四個解題步驟：1準(zhǔn)確理解材料，理清人物事件在仔細閱讀所提供的語言材料后，考生要能提煉出故事的主要事件。2根據(jù)段落開頭語，確定續(xù)寫方向在提煉出人物和故事要點之后，考生應(yīng)當(dāng)結(jié)合兩個續(xù)寫段落的首句充分發(fā)揮想象，判斷故事的大致走向。3根據(jù)段落開頭語，確定續(xù)寫細節(jié)在根據(jù)段落開頭語判斷故事大致走向之后，考生可以勾勒出更加豐富的故事細節(jié)。4調(diào)整寫作語言，完成讀后續(xù)寫在完成初稿之后，考生應(yīng)當(dāng)在語言上加以潤色，使用更加準(zhǔn)確、具體的詞匯來刻畫動作、對話和心理。注意事項在進行讀后續(xù)寫寫作訓(xùn)練或者在應(yīng)試過程中，還需要特別注意下面幾點：1仔細揣摩原材料作者所表達的意圖及主題。注意前后照應(yīng)，注意隱含的情感因素，在必要時烘托主題，升華全文的情感。好的續(xù)寫創(chuàng)作除了要與所提供的材料保持情節(jié)的延續(xù)外，還要與其保持風(fēng)格的統(tǒng)一。2一定要注意與所給短文及段落開頭語的銜接。千萬不可忽略所提供的段落首句的限制而肆意創(chuàng)作。3切忌以大篇幅對白，尤其是以直接引語的形式展開寫作。應(yīng)盡可能巧妙地設(shè)置情節(jié)，多關(guān)注動作描寫和心理描述。備考建議1充分利用平時練習(xí)中記敘文類的閱讀理解以及完形填空。在做此類試題時，讀到適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢?，不妨中斷自己的閱讀，根據(jù)已讀部分文章的脈絡(luò)，對結(jié)局進行一定的猜想，然后對照原文，檢查自己的設(shè)想是否與原文一致。2適當(dāng)?shù)貙嵤┪⑿突?xùn)練，即對所讀文章的某一段落進行設(shè)想。根據(jù)某一段落的首句提示，結(jié)合上文對該段進行合理設(shè)想，具體推斷該段可能要講述的細節(jié)內(nèi)容。3注重語言積累。讀后續(xù)寫部分不僅要求有豐富的情節(jié)，也要求應(yīng)用豐富的詞匯。所以備考時，考生應(yīng)盡量擴大詞匯量，加強對于詞匯、句型的準(zhǔn)確熟練運用。由于讀后續(xù)寫多以故事性的文章為原材料，而故事類文章多側(cè)重動作和心理描寫，因此對于動詞和形容詞詞匯的積累顯得尤為重要。另外，為了使情節(jié)銜接順暢，也應(yīng)多積累一些記敘文中常用的銜接詞。微技能一、人物肖像描寫1a graceful figure優(yōu)美的身段2a slim figure細長的身體3have a good figure(人)形體很好4a well­built man身材魁梧的人5an average build中等身材6improve one's figure改善形體7a dark figure in the moonlight月光下一個模糊的人影8a bearded man留胡須的人9a serious young man嚴(yán)肅的年輕人10a homely woman相貌平平的女人11show off her lovely figure顯露出她優(yōu)美的身段12a gaunt，stooping old man一位枯瘦、駝背的老人13wear round glasses戴著圓框眼鏡14a cold­blooded man冷酷無情的人15a girl in her early twenties 20歲出頭的姑娘1He had a wide mouth and humorous grey eyes.他有一張大嘴和幽默的灰色眼睛。2Two spots of color brightened/lighted up her cheeks.兩朵紅霞暈染了她的臉頰。3He has two big dark eyes under a pair of thick eyebrows.在一對濃密的眉毛下是他大而黑的眼睛。4I'd noticed that his eyes were blackcoal black.我注意到他的眼睛是黑色的炭黑的。5She'd arrived late for class，her hair wet and messy.她上課遲到了，頭發(fā)又濕又臟。6She was fair­skinned，having reddish hair and long fingers.她皮膚白皙，有著紅發(fā)和修長的手。7His strongly­built body and sun­tanned skin make him look like a sportsman.他強壯的身體和曬黑的皮膚使他看起來像一個運動員。8He has fine lines around his eyes.他的眼睛周圍有細細的皺紋。9She is neither tall nor short，with a round face，and a pair of sharp eyes，looking very amiable.她不高不矮，一張圓臉，一雙銳利的眼睛，很和藹可親。10Her adorable face was framed perfectly by her shoulder length，chestnut brown hair.她可愛的臉與她齊肩的栗色頭發(fā)十分相稱。11Father，he had a little white hair，looking very old，with some wrinkles on his forehead.父親他有一頭白發(fā)，看起來很老，額頭上有些皺紋。12The unforgettable were his eyes that shone like diamond and lips held in a steady smile.令人難忘的是他如鉆石一樣閃亮的眼睛，還有那微笑的嘴。13Everything about him was old except his eyes and they were the same color as the sea and were cheerful and undefeated.他身上的一切都顯得古老，除了那雙眼睛，它們像海水一般藍，是愉快而不肯認輸?shù)摹?4The young woman was tall，with grace and elegance.She had a great amount of dark hair that shown in the sunlight，and a face more beautiful than any other，with dark，mysterious eyes.She was polite and well­mannered，with a tender look.這個年輕的女人很高，且很優(yōu)雅。她有一頭烏黑的頭發(fā)，在陽光下顯得十分美麗，她的臉比任何其他人都漂亮，她有一雙神秘的眼睛。她彬彬有禮，舉止文雅，目光溫柔。15He has sparking blue green eyes，thinning silver hair that spills onto his forehead，big ears，a triangular nose，and tufts of graying eyebrow.他的眼睛閃爍著藍綠色光芒，稀疏的銀發(fā)散落在前額，大耳朵，三角形的鼻子和灰白的眉毛上。對下面人物進行肖像描寫1父親他有一頭白發(fā)，看起來很老，額頭上有些皺紋。當(dāng)他微笑時，他的眼睛旁邊有皺紋，但是他的微笑仍然像以前一樣溫馨，一個父親的微笑，他只是想他的家人有一個美好的生活。_【答案】Father，who had white hair，looked very old with some wrinkles on his forehead.He also had wrinkles next to his eyes when he smiled，yet his smile was still as heartwarming as before，the smile of a father who just wanted a good life for his family.2我看著他走上舞臺。中等身材、健壯結(jié)實、淺黃色的頭發(fā)垂在前額。這一刻帶給他的震動仍寫在臉上，看得出他在竭盡全力保持鎮(zhèn)靜，但他藍色的眼睛里還是透著驚恐不安，我在捕獵時經(jīng)常看到這種神情。他強裝鎮(zhèn)定，走上舞臺，站在自己的位置上。_【答案】I watch him as he makes his way toward the