2019-2020年高中英語 Unit3Fairness for all教案（1） 新人教版選修10三點剖析單詞典句考點【經(jīng)典例句】 Today we went to church where our minister,Martin Luther King,Jr,announced that a boycott of the buses and trolleybuses will begin tomorrow.今天我們?nèi)ソ烫米龆Y拜，在那里馬丁路德金牧師宣布拒乘公共汽車和電車的行動明天開始?！究键c聚焦】 1)boycott用作名詞時，后面常跟介詞 of 或against。2)還可用作及物動詞。如:boycott a meeting 拒絕出席會議【經(jīng)典例句】 Dr King encourages us to fight against this unfair system which prohibits us blacks from sitting where we like.金鼓勵我們與這種禁止黑人坐在自己喜歡的地方的不公平制度斗爭?！究键c聚焦】 1）固定搭配:prohibit sth./sb.（from doing sth.）2）類似的搭配還有:stop sb./sth.（from）doing.;prevent sb./sth.（from）doing.;forbid sb. to do.;keep sb./sth. from doing 使不做;阻止發(fā)生【活學(xué)活用】 1.完成句子1）禁止大聲喧嘩。Noises _.答案：are prohibited 2）什么也不能阻止我們到那兒去。Nothing will _.答案：prohibit us from going there 【經(jīng)典例句】 It is regarded as an offence if we sit at the front of a bus and if we break this law,we receive a heavy punishment.如果我們坐在公共汽車前部，就被認(rèn)為是一種違法行為;如果我們違反這項法律，就會受到嚴(yán)懲。來源:【考點聚焦】 1）用作名詞時，后面可跟 against，表示“犯罪”;也可跟to，表示“令人不快的事物”。注意以下詞組:give/cause offence to someone得罪某人;使某人不悅；take offence at sth.對某事不悅2)offend 是動詞形式，主要義項有:犯罪;做錯事;冒犯;使某人不快。【活學(xué)活用】 2.用以上所學(xué)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1）He mitted several serious _.2)Do you think he took _ at what I said about his hair?3)I think she was a bit _ that she hadnt been invited to the party.答案：offences2) offence3) offended【經(jīng)典例句】 The other three submitted but Rosa was unwilling to do so and she refused.另外三個人服從了，但羅莎不愿意這樣做，因而她拒絕了。【考點聚焦】 1)submit 還可表示“遞交，呈遞”，常用搭配形式為:submit sth. to sb.。2）其名詞形式為submission，形容詞形式為submissive。【活學(xué)活用】 3.單項填空1）She _ her parents decision at last.A.submittedB.submitted with來源:C.submitted toD.submitted on答案：C 2）He submitted _ the report _ the matter _ the mittee.A.to;on;to B./;about;onC.to;about;withD./;on;to來源:答案：D 【經(jīng)典例句】 Taxis passed all full of passengers as we pedestrians marched on the pavement.當(dāng)我們步行者走在人行道上時，滿載乘客的出租車從旁邊駛過?！究键c聚焦】 1)march還可用作名詞，主要義項有:行軍；前進(jìn);游行（尤指示威游行）;進(jìn)行曲。大寫March為“三月”。2）常用搭配：a ten-mile march十英里行軍；a peace march 為爭取和平的游行；military marches 軍隊進(jìn)行曲【活學(xué)活用】 4.單項填空1）Our country benefits a lot from the _ of science.A.marchB.developC.resultD.origin答案：A 2)The enemy was _ the march at last.A.inB.onC.withD.by答案：B 【經(jīng)典例句】 Those in the cars waved and we saluted them back.車?yán)锏娜藗兿蛭覀儞]手，我們向他們致意。【考點聚焦】 salute還可用作名詞，其義項有:舉手禮;敬禮;招呼;致意。如:He gave a smart salute.他利索地敬了一個禮。【活學(xué)活用】 5.翻譯句子1)They took off their hats by the grave in silent salute._答案：他們在墓旁脫帽默哀。2)We salute you for your tireless efforts for peace._答案：我們?yōu)槟趯で蠛推椒矫孀鞒龅牟恍概ο蚰硎揪匆??！窘?jīng)典例句】 In court we won a fundamental victory in the battle for our civil rights.來源:學(xué),科,網(wǎng)在法庭上，我們贏得了爭取民權(quán)斗爭的基本勝利。【考點聚焦】 還可用作動詞，意為“斗爭；搏斗;奮斗”。常用的表達(dá)方式為:battle with/against sb./sth. for sth.短語典句考點seize on 抓住;利用【經(jīng)典例句】 King and the other black leaders in Montgomery have seized on this incident and decided on a collision course to change the law.金和蒙哥馬利市的其他黑人領(lǐng)袖利用這個事件，決定通過一個沖突進(jìn)程來改變法律。【考點聚焦】 1）注意該詞組的另一種形式:seize upon。2）相關(guān)詞組:seize up卡住，無法轉(zhuǎn)動【活學(xué)活用】 6.用所學(xué)詞組的適當(dāng)形式填空1）She had always wanted to go to London,so she _ the offer of a free trip.答案：seized on 2)The traffic _ for miles because of the road works.答案：had seized up live out 活過;實踐【經(jīng)典例句】 I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed:“We hold these truths to be self-evident,that all men are created equal.”我有一個夢想，那就是有一天這個國家會站立起來，并實現(xiàn)其信條的真諦:“我們認(rèn)為人人生而平等這個真理是不言而喻的。”【考點聚焦】 以live為中心的其他詞組:live for sth.以某事物為生活目標(biāo);live on繼續(xù)存在或生活;live on sth. 以為食，靠生活;live through sth. 經(jīng)歷某事物而幸存;live up to sth.依照某事物行事，表現(xiàn)出符合某事物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)【活學(xué)活用】 7.用所學(xué)詞組的適當(dāng)形式填空1)He has _ two wars.答案：lived through 2)She _ her dream by devoting her whole life to the education.答案：lived out 3)The concert was brilliantit _ all our expectations.答案：lived up to transform.into 把變成/變?yōu)椤窘?jīng)典例句】 I have a dream that one day the state of Mississippi will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.我有一個夢想，那就是有一天甚至密西西比州也將變成自由和正義的綠洲?！究键c聚焦】 記住類似形式的詞組:change.into.;put.into.;translate.into.【活學(xué)活用】 8.完成下列句子1)Can you think of a way _（將這塊布由黑色變成紅色）？答案：to transform the black cloth into red 2)Have you seen the process by which caterpillars（毛蟲） _（變?yōu)楹?？答案：are transformed into butterflies fight against 與斗爭【經(jīng)典例句】 Dr King encourages us to fight against this unfair system.金博士鼓勵我們反對這一不公正的制度?！究键c聚焦】 以fight 為中心的其他詞組:fight for sth. 為而戰(zhàn)斗;fight back 回?fù)簦磽?，抵?fight sth. back/down 克制、抑制;fight sb./sth. off 抵抗或擊敗某人/某事物;fight sth. out 通過斗爭使得到解決【活學(xué)活用】 9.用所學(xué)詞組的適當(dāng)形式填空1）Only by working together can we _ the bird flu.答案：fight off 2）Its a long way for the women to _ the same right as men.來源:Z,xx,k答案：fight for judge.by.依據(jù)判斷【經(jīng)典例句】 I have a dream that my four children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but the content of their character.我有一個夢想，希望有一天我的四個孩子將在一個不是以他們的膚色，而以他們的品德優(yōu)劣來評價他們的國度里生活?！究键c聚焦】 該詞組常以分詞的形式出現(xiàn)，即judging from/by=to judge by “由觀察;由判斷”，在句中作狀語。難句剖析拓展Today we went to church where our minister,Martin Luther King,announced that a boycott of buses and trolleybuses will begin tomorrow.今天，我們?nèi)ソ烫米龆Y拜。在那里，我們的牧師，馬丁路德金宣布明天開始抵制公共汽車和無軌電車。【剖析】 1)where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾church。2)that從句為定語從句中的賓語從句。3）Martin Luther King作our minister的同位語?！就卣埂?同位語常位于名詞或代詞后，前后用逗號分開。Dr King encourages us to fight against this unfair system which prohibits us blacks from sitting where we like.金博士鼓勵我們與禁止黑人坐在自己喜歡的地方的不公平制度斗爭。來源:【剖析】1）which引導(dǎo)的是定語從句。來源:2）where引導(dǎo)的是狀語從句，修飾sitting。The success of the Montgomery bus boycott began the Civil Rights Movement that led to the improvement of conditions for black people in education,housing,jobs,voting,and hotels throughout the USA.蒙哥馬利市抵制公共汽車運動的勝利，揭開了民權(quán)運動的序幕，這改善了全美黑人在教育、住房、就業(yè)、選舉等方面的狀況?！酒饰觥?)that引導(dǎo)定語從句，that在定語從句中作主語;2)lead to導(dǎo)致，帶來，引起。【拓展】 注意lead to為動介詞組，后接名詞、代詞或動名詞作賓語。I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character.我有一個夢想:夢想有一天，我的四個孩子能生活在一個不以膚色差別，而以品德優(yōu)劣來評判他們的國度里。【剖析】 1)that引導(dǎo)同位語從句說明dream的具體內(nèi)容;2)where引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾nation;3)not.but.意為“不是而是”，連接兩個并列結(jié)構(gòu)，but后承前省略了be judged?！就卣埂?1)引導(dǎo)同位語從句的that不能省略。來源:Z#xx#k2)not.but.可以連接兩個并列主語、謂語、賓語、表語、狀語等。With this faith we will be able to work together,to pray together,to struggle together,to go to jail together,to stand up for freedom together,knowing that we will be free one day.來源:學(xué)。科。網(wǎng)Z。X。X。K有了這個信念，我們將一起工作，一起祈禱，一起抗?fàn)帲黄鹱?，一起維權(quán)，因為我們知道我們總有一天會獲得自由。【剖析】 1)with this faith 在句中作狀語，放在句首是為了強調(diào)。2)knowing及其引導(dǎo)的賓語從句作原因狀語。【拓展】 為了強調(diào)句子的某一部分，可以將它放到句首。語法剖析活用動詞的時態(tài)本單元重點復(fù)習(xí)動詞的時態(tài)。具體時態(tài)變化見下表（以動詞do 為例）一般時進(jìn)行時完成時完成進(jìn)行時現(xiàn)在時do/doesis/are doinghas/have donehas/have been doing過去時didwas/were doinghad donehad been doing將來時will dowill be doingwill have donewill have been doing過去將來時would dowould be doingwould have donewould have been doing注意以下兩組時態(tài)的區(qū)別:1.一般過去時和過去完成時的區(qū)別來源:一般過去時是對現(xiàn)在說話時刻而言的，過去完成時則是對過去某一時間而言。兩種時態(tài)建立的時間參照點不同。過去完成時的時間狀語常用by和because 引導(dǎo)的短語表示。2.過去完成時與現(xiàn)在完成時的區(qū)別兩種時態(tài)都常與表示一段時間的狀語連用?，F(xiàn)在完成時表示的是延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在或同現(xiàn)在有關(guān)的動作（句中不可有表示過去特定時間的狀語），而過去完成時表示的是在過去某時之前已經(jīng)完成或延續(xù)到過去某時的動作（句中有表示過去特定時間的狀語）。【活學(xué)活用】 10.單項填空1)When Mark opened the door,he saw a woman standing there.He _ her before.A.never sawB.had never seenC.never seesD.has never seen答案：B前面的句子使用了過去時態(tài)，而before則表示時間是在“過去的過去”，故用過去完成時。2)I cant see any coffee in this cupboard. _?A.Has it all been finishedB.Was it all finished C.Has it all finishedD.Did it all finish答案：A句子的語言環(huán)境是現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。it指coffee，故用被動語態(tài)。問句關(guān)心的是現(xiàn)在還有沒有coffee，要用完成時態(tài)。3)The coffee is wonderful！It doesnt taste like anything I _ before.A.was havingB.haveC.have ever hadD.had ever had答案：C前面的句子使用了現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，而before則表示時間是在“過去”，側(cè)重于對現(xiàn)在的影響，故用現(xiàn)在完成時。4)Did you tell Julia about the result?Oh,no,I forgot.I _ her now.A.will be callingB.will callC.callD.am to call答案：Bwill 表示主觀意愿。5)Scientists think that the continents _ always where they _ today.A.arent;areB.arent;wereC.werent;areD.werent;were答案：Ctoday表明第二個空使用現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。又因為全句是把不同時期的continents位置對比，所以選C項。6)By the time Jane gets home,her aunt _ for London to attend a meeting.A.will leaveB.leavesC.will have leftD.left答案：Cby短語常與完成時連用，gets home 是用現(xiàn)在表將來，所以主句用將來完成時。7)Professor Smith,along with his assistants,_ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.A.workB.workingC.is workingD.are working答案：C謂語要與前面的主語一致。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作。8)Whats wrong with your coat?Just now when I wanted to get off the bus,the man next to me _ on it.A.satB.had satC.had been sittingD.was sitting答案：D注意時間狀語表示的是過去時，而主句的動作又是延續(xù)性的。9)What are you going to do this afternoon?I am going to the cinema with some friends.The film _ quite early,so we _ to the bookstore after that.A.finished;are goingB.finished;goC.finishes;are goingD.finishes;go答案：C答語中已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)了am going to結(jié)構(gòu)，第二個空談?wù)摰氖强赐觌娪昂蟮拇蛩?，故仍用此結(jié)構(gòu)。因電影的放映時間是確定的，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時。10)Years ago we didnt know this,but recent science _ that people who dont sleep well soon get ill.A.showedB.has shownC.will showD.is showing答案：B全句側(cè)重于科學(xué)研究的結(jié)果造成的影響。11)Since I won the big prize,my telephone hasnt stopped ringing.People _ to ask how I am going to spend the money.A.phoneB.will phoneC.were phoningD.are phoning答案：D現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時表示這段時間正在進(jìn)行的動作。本題表示動作的反復(fù)。12)He was hoping to go abroad but his parents _ that they wont support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.A.were decidingB.have decidedC.decidedD.will decide 答案：B注意but的使用及后面從句中的將來時態(tài)，可判定他父母現(xiàn)在已決定。