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2019-2020年高中英語 Module 3 The Violence of Nature教案 外研版必修3 【美文閱讀】　 Four natural disasters A natural disaster is defined as a natural hazard，which has a negative effect on human beings.Though some of the natural disasters are geological，many of them are due to changes in the climatic conditions.Given below are some of the very important natural disasters. Blizzard(暴風雪) A severe winter storm is known as a blizzard.Strong winds，heavy snowfall and low temperatures characterize a blizzard.A blizzard that occurred in 1888 killed over 400 people in the northeastern States.This blizzard is known Great Blizzard of 1888. Flood A flood is a natural disaster as it results in the death of human beings and animals.Crops are destroyed in the flood，which gradually results in increased food prices due to food shortages.In a flood situation，drinking water bees scarce because water is polluted.Due to this，many diseases can spread. Fire Fire is terrible especially forest fire.Forest fire is also known as wildfire.It is a natural disaster caused by a volcanic eruption or by human carelessness.Wildfire can threaten wildlife and the human habitation close to the forest. Earthquake An earthquake occurs when the tectonic(地殼構造的) plates that form the upper crust of the earth collide or slide against each other.When the tectonic plates collide against each other，the stress is released.It is true that animals can sense earthquakes before they occur. However，the behavior of animals cannot be used as a method to predict an occurrence of an earthquake. 【誘思導學】　 What should we do in face of the disasters like tornadoes, hurricanes or earthquakes? 【答案】　略 Period ⅠPreviewing ●教學目標 本課時主要是通過學生對學案所給出的內容的學習，了解本課文中所出現的詞匯，初步了解課文以及相關的背景知識，對下一堂課對課文的全面理解起到一個鋪墊作用。 ●教學地位 學習表示自然災害的名詞及其定義，試著用已經掌握的自然知識用英語對災害的有關情況進行口頭表達。 (教師用書獨具) ●新課導入建議 教師給出學生幾種自然災害的圖片，并讓學生猜出屬于那種自然災害，有可能的話讓學生說出這些自然災害的名稱，然后導入新課。 ●教學流程設計 ???????????? Ⅰ.篇章結構 閱讀P23的文章，完成下面表格(每空不超過3個詞) Tornadoes Hurricanes What are they？ Tornadoes are rotating columns of air from 1． to the ground. Hurricanes are strong 2. storms. Where do they 3. ？ From Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north. In the southernAtlantic Ocean，the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of Mexico. How violent can they be？ The most violent have winds of more than 400 kilometers per hour. There are violent winds of 120 kilometers per hour or more，which 4. huge waves，heavy rains and floods. How often do they occur in the US？ 5. ，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year. There are about six Atlantic hurricanes each year. The worst one It occurred in 1925，6. three US states and killing over 700 people and injuring 2,700. It occurred on the 8th September 1900 in Galveston，Texas，killing 6,000 people and 7. 3,600 buildings. A story about the 1990 Galveston hurricane Before he moved to New York，Charles Coghlan lived in Canada.Then he moved to Galveston.His 8. was destroyed by the hurricane and his coffin 9. in the sea. Eight years later，the coffin was found in the east of Canada.Coghlan travelled back to Canada after he had been 10. in Texas！ 【答案】　1.thunderstorms　2.tropical　3.occur 4．cause　5.On average　6.affecting　7.destroying 8．cemetery　9.ended up　10.buried Ⅱ.語篇理解 閱讀P23的Reading and Vocabulary部分，從每題所給的3個選項中選出最佳答案 1．How many people were killed in the city of San Francisco in the California Earthquake? A．About 800. B．About 830,000. C．About 500. 2．Which of the following descriptions about tornado is not correct? A．It is a kind of rotating column of air. B．It is usually caused by a thunderstorm. C．It can cause much damage to people，including deaths and injuries. 3．What are the causes of the natural violence? A．The difference atmospheric pressure between two areas. B．The changeable weather in these areas. C．Not mentioned in the passage. 4．Which of the following happened most recently? A．The worst tornado which affected three US states. B．The worst hurricane which happened in Galveston. C．The destruction of Charles Coghlans cemetery. 5．Where did Charles Coghlan bee famous? A．In Galveston. B．In New York. C．In Canada. 【答案】　1－5　C B C A B Ⅲ.課文縮寫 用所給單詞或短語的正確形式完成課文縮寫 affect；tropical；cause；rotating；disaster；thunderstorm；violent；occur；on average；destroy A tornado is a 1. column of air from a 2. to the ground. Almost all of them 3. in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north. Tornadoes can 4. much destruction.5. there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year.The worst one of all time was in 1925，6. three US states.By the time it ended，more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured. Hurricanes are strong 7. storms.There are 8. winds of 120 kilometers per hour or more.There are about six Atlantic hurricanes each year.The worst hurricane 9. was on the 8th September 1900, which killed 6,000 people in a population of 37,000 and 10. 3,6000 buildings. 【答案】　1.rotating　2.thunderstorm　3.occur　4.cause 5．On average　6.affecting　7.tropical　8.violent 9．disaster　10.destroyed Ⅰ.詞義搭配 1．disaster　　　 A．to make something happen，especially something bad 2．experience B．to happen 3．cause C．to have a particular situation affect you or happen to you 4．bury D．very strong and sudden 5．occur E．a sudden event such as a flood，storm，or accident which causes great damage or suffering 6．violent F．sudden attack 7．strike G．to place in the earth and cover with soil 【答案】　1.E　2.C　3.A　4.G　5.B　6.D　7.F Ⅱ.短語填空 1． I spend 30 yuan every week. 2．If you continue to steal，youll in prison. 3．He has never studied Japanese；what he knows is what he while living in Japan. 4． your clothes；theyre very wet. 5．He is one of the greatest writers . 【答案】　1.On average　2.end up　3.picked up　4.Take off　5.of all time Ⅲ.句型背誦 1．They can destroy houses，but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was. 它們能毀掉房屋，卻把里面的家具留在原處。 2．On average，there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries. 在美國，平均每年有800次龍卷風，致使約80人死亡，1500人受傷。 3．By the time it ended，more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured. 到這次颶風結束時，共有700多人死亡，2700多人受傷。 Period ⅡIntroduction & Reading and Vocabulary ●教學目標 (1)熟記學案中所列出的單詞和短語。 (2)通過學案中所給出的重點單詞和重點短語的學習，讓學生能夠正確理解這些單詞和短語，能夠運用這些詞語造句。 (3)通過對這些詞匯的學習能夠更深層次的理解課文，并通過課文更加熟練的運用這些詞匯。 ●教學地位 通過閱讀理解詞匯，反過來詞匯的學習又加深了對短文的理解。根據課文內容，培養(yǎng)學生理解詞義的思維能力，通過問題提高略讀和查讀技能，學習課本中對自然災害細節(jié)的描寫，培養(yǎng)對事件過程的觀察能力。 (教師用書獨具) ●新課導入建議 教師利用掛圖或音像工具敘述Gulf Stream的形成、流向和產生的影響，導入新課。 ●教學流程設計 ??????? 1．experience n．經驗；經歷vt.經歷；體驗 Have you ever experienced a flood？(教材P21) 你曾經經歷過洪災嗎？ It is important to try and learn from experience. 努力從經驗中學習是重要的。 Can you tell me your experiences in America? 你能告訴我你在美國的經歷嗎？ ①have an experience in在……方面的經歷 from/by experience憑經驗；從經驗中(得出) ②experienced adj.有經驗的；熟練的 be experienced in在……方面有經驗 Some people learn by experiment and others learn by experience. 一些人通過實驗學習，另一些人則從經驗中學習。 He is an experienced and trustworthy guide. 他是一位有經驗的、可信賴的向導。 【提示】　(1)experience作名詞用時，作“經驗”講時，是不可數名詞；作“經歷”講時，是可數名詞。 (2)作動詞用時意為“體驗，經歷”。 【對接高考】　 (xx福建高考)－Guess what，weve got our visas for a shortterm visit to the UK this summer. －How nice！You a different culture then. A．will be experiencing B．have experienced C．have been experiencing D．will have experienced 【解析】　考查時態(tài)。由第一句可知：我們已經得到了暑假去英國旅行的短期簽證，再由第二句中then可知：這是對去英國旅行的美好祝愿。因此時態(tài)應為將來進行時。故選A項。B項為現在完成時，C項為現在完成進行時，D項為將來完成時，均不符合句意。 【答案】　A 完成句子 ①布朗先生是一位教學經驗豐富的老師。 Mr. Brown has teaching. ②爬珠穆朗瑪峰是我一生中難忘的一次體驗。 Reaching the top of Mount Everest was in my life. ③近三十年里，我們國家經歷了巨大的變化。 Our country in the last thirty years. 【答案】?、賛uch experience in　②an unforgettable experience?、踙as experienced great changes 2．cause n．原因；起因vt.引起；導致 Do you know anything about the events？For example, what causes them? (教材P21) 你知道有關這些事件的事情嗎？比方說，什么引起了它們？ Smoking is one of the causes of heart disease. 吸煙是引起心臟病的原因之一。 ①the cause of...……的原因 cause and effect因果關系 ②cause sb.sth.給某人引來某事 cause sb.to do sth.引起某人干某事 What caused her to change her mind? 是什么使她改變了主意？ The child caused his parents a lot of trouble./The child caused a lot of trouble to his parents. 這個孩子給他的父母帶來了很多麻煩。 cause/reason cause 指造成某種結果的原因，常說the cause of sth. reason 指產生某種行為的理由，常說the reason for sth. The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast.導致這次事故發(fā)生的原因是他開車太快。 The reason why he was driving so fast was that he was afraid of being late for the meeting.他開車開得太快就是因為他怕開會遲到。 【對接高考】　 (2011福建高考)The lack of ecofriendly habits among the public is thought to be a major of global climate change. A．result　　　　　　　　B．cause C．warning D．reflection 【解析】　考查名詞。句意：公眾缺乏環(huán)保的習慣被認為是全球氣候變化的一個主要原因?！肮娙狈Νh(huán)保的習慣”和“全球氣候變化”二者之間是因果關系，所以用cause。 【答案】　B 選詞填空(cause/reason) ①The for the flood was all that heavy rain. ②Carelessness is the of his failure. ③The storm died down，having a lot of deaths. 【答案】?、賠eason　②cause?、踓aused 完成句子 ④造成這一事故的原因是什么？ What was ？ ⑤困難使他放棄了夢想。 Difficulty his dream. 【答案】　④the cause of the accident?、輈aused him to give up 3．occur v．發(fā)生，出現；想起 Almost all of them occur in the US，in the area from Texas in the southeast to South Dakota in the north. (教材P23)幾乎所有的龍卷風都發(fā)生在美國東南部德克薩斯州到北部南達科塔州一帶地區(qū)。 The accident occurred yesterday morning. 事故發(fā)生在昨天上午。 sth.occurs to sb.某事浮現在某人的腦海中；某人想到…… It occurs to sb.that.../to do sth...某人想到…… A good idea occurred to me. 我突然想起了一個好主意。 Didnt it occur to you to turn to the policeman for help? 難道你沒有想到向那個警察求助嗎？ occur/happen/take place/break out 這四個詞(組)都含有“發(fā)生”的意思，都是不及物動詞，沒有被動語態(tài)。 occur 既指突然發(fā)生也可指有計劃的發(fā)生，在以具體事物、事件作主語時，可與happen互換使用，表示在腦海中出現某種想法時用occur，不能用happen。 happen 是表示“發(fā)生”的最普通的用詞，常用于句型：what happened to sb./sth.？某人/物發(fā)生了什么事？ take place 多指有計劃、有組織的發(fā)生。 break out 指戰(zhàn)爭、災難、疾病等突然發(fā)生。 The meeting took place at 8：00 as planned. 按計劃會議在上午8點舉行。 I happened to see him on the way to the bookstore yesterday.昨天我在去書店的路上碰巧遇到了他。 A terrible forest fire broke out in China a few years ago.幾年前中國發(fā)生了一起可怕的森林火災。 【對接高考】　 (xx江西高考)It suddenly occurred to him he had left his keys in the office. A．whether B．where C．which D．that 【解析】　考查主語從句。句意：他突然想起他把鑰匙落在辦公室里了。It occurred to sb.that...表示“某人想起……”。it在句中作形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的從句。 【答案】　D 選詞填空(occur/happen/take place/break out) ①He told me how the accident . ②It to me that I would travel to Europe. ③Great changes have in my hometown since xx. ④Two world wars last century. 【答案】?、賝ccurred/happened?、趏ccurred　③taken place?、躡roke out 完成句子 ⑤我突然想到我可以建立一個網站幫助無家可歸的人。 I could set up a website to help the homeless. ⑥我想你根本就沒有想到打電話給我吧。 I suppose me. 【答案】?、軮t suddenly occurred to me that?、辤t didnt occur to you to phone 4．pick up卷起；拾起；拿起 Tornadoes can pick up cars，trains and even houses and put them down in the next street—or even in the next town. (教材P23)龍卷風能把汽車、火車甚至房屋卷起，(然后)把它們拋在旁邊的街上——甚至在鄰近的城鎮(zhèn)。 The sandstorms picked up many houses last night. 昨晚的沙塵暴卷起了許多房屋。 The world economy is picking up.世界經濟正在復蘇。 Shall I pick you up at the station? 要我開車到車站去接你嗎？ pick up 還可表示駕車去接(某人)；接收，收聽(廣播)；(經濟等)好轉；恢復(健康)；偶然得到(學到、發(fā)現) pick out挑選；分辨出；領會 　now.你變化太大了，我剛才差點沒有認出你來。 【對接高考】　 (xx四川高考)Its surprising that your brother Russian so quickly—he hasnt lived there very long. A．picked up B．looked up C．put up D．made up 【解析】　考查動詞短語的辨析。 句意：真令人吃驚，你弟弟學俄語如此快，他在俄國沒待多久。pick up意為“學會”，符合句意。 【答案】　A 指出下列句子中pick up的含義 ①The phone rang and I picked it up. ②If you sing it several times，your children will begin to pick up the words. ③I managed to pick up an American news broadcast. ④My husband will pick you up in the car. 【答案】?、偈捌?，拿起?、?無意中)學會　③收聽，收到?、荛_車接 5．take off 去掉；脫掉；起飛；休假；迅速成功/走紅 They can take the fur off the back of a cat and the feathers off a chicken. (教材P23) 它們也能將貓和雞的毛脫掉。 Take off your coat and sit down.脫掉外套，坐下吧。 The plane takes off in five minutes. 飛機將在5分鐘后起飛。 He took two weeks off in August. 他在八月份休兩個星期假。 take away 拿走，帶走 take in 收留，收養(yǎng)；欺騙；理解 take on 呈現出 take over接管；接任(職位) I couldnt take in his story at all. 我完全不能理解他的話。 The young politician took over the leadership of the party.那位年輕的政治家接掌了那個政黨的領導位置。 指出下列句子中take off的含義 ①He took off at once and headed back to the hotel. ②In 1944，he met Edcth Piaf，and his career took off. ③He wouldnt take off his hat. ④She took two days off work. ⑤This plane will soon take off. ⑥Who has taken my book off the table？ 【答案】　①(突然)離開?、隍v飛，成功　③摘下?、苄菁佟、萜痫w?、弈米? 單項填空 ⑦Her singing career after her TV appearance. A．took up B．took off C．took out D．took over 【解析】　take up表示占據；繼續(xù)；take off表示起飛；take out表示拿出；take over表示接管。根據句意“她在電視上亮相后，她的歌唱事業(yè)迅速獲得成功?！笨芍獞xB。 【答案】　B 6．They can destroy houses，but leave the furniture inside exactly where it was. (教材P23)它們能毀掉房屋，卻把里面的家具留在原處。 句中l(wèi)eave the furniture inside exactly where it was 是“l(fā)eave＋賓語＋賓語補足語”結構。leave表示“使……處于某種狀態(tài)”。 Leave the medicine where the children cant reach it. 把藥放在孩子們夠不到的地方。 leave的常見結構如下： ①leave＋賓語＋形容詞/副詞/介詞短語/名詞 ②leave＋賓語＋現在分詞(賓語與賓補之間為邏輯上的主謂關系) ③leave＋賓語＋過去分詞(賓語與賓補之間為邏輯上的動賓關系) ④leave＋賓語＋動詞不定式 ⑤leave＋賓語＋where引導的地點狀語從句 Leave the door open and you will breathe fresh air. 讓門開著你就會呼吸到新鮮的空氣。 The news left me wondering what would happen next. 這個消息使我想知道接著會發(fā)生什么事情。 The bad weather left the project half finished. 壞天氣使工程只完成了一半。 They killed the bison，cut off the skins and left the bodies to rot.他們把野牛殺死剝皮，尸體就任其腐爛。 用動詞的適當形式填空 ①Im sorry Ive left some of your questions (unanswer)． ②Dont leave the water (run)while you brush your teeth. ③Leave the rice (cook) for 20 minutes at least. 【答案】?、賣nanswered?、趓unning?、踭o cook 完成句子 ④他的病使他的身子很虛弱。 His illness has . ⑤要把東西放在容易找到的地方。 Always again. 【答案】　④left him very weak?、輑eave things where you can find them 7．On average, there are 800 tornadoes in the US each year，causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries. (教材P23)美國每年平均會發(fā)生800次龍卷風，造成大約80人死亡，1,500人受傷。 (1)on(an/the) average平均 It takes me two hours a day to play table tennis，on average.平均起來，我每天花兩小時時間打乒乓球。 above the average在平均水平以上 below the average在平均水平以下 Toms work at school is above the average. 湯姆在校的功課在一般水平之上。 【對接高考】 (2011天津高考)He was a good student and scored average in most subjects. A．below B．of C．on D．above 【解析】　考查介詞辨析。句意：他是一個好學生，大多數學科的分數在平均分之上。above表示“(數目、數量、水平、年齡)超過、多于”，符合句意。 【答案】　D 完成句子 ①他的收入大大高于平均水平。 His ine is well . ②我們平均每天收到10封信。 ， we received ten letters each day. ③他的分數在平均數以上，這使他很高興。 His scores are ， which makes him very happy. 【答案】?、賏bove the average?、贠n average?、踑bove average (2)本句中的causing about 80 deaths and 1,500 injuries是現在分詞短語作狀語，表示結果。 The football team played in all the European countries，making it famous.那支足球隊在所有的歐洲國家踢球，使它自己出了名。 現在分詞和不定式都可以作結果狀語，現在分詞一般表示符合邏輯的、必然出現的結果，而不定式常常表示出乎意料的、偶然出現的結果。 His parents died，leaving him an orphan. 他的父母死了，結果他成了一個孤兒。 I hurried to his house，only to find him out.我急急忙忙地趕到他家，結果卻發(fā)現他不在家。 【對接高考】 (xx天津高考)He got up late and hurried to his office， the breakfast untouched. A．left B．to leave C．leaving D．having left 【解析】　考查非謂語動詞。句意：他起晚了，匆忙趕往辦公室，沒有吃早飯。主語He 與leave之間是主謂關系，故用現在分詞作結果狀語。leave這一動作并未發(fā)生在謂語動作之前，排除D項。 容易誤選D。部分考生選擇having left，誤認為leave這一動作發(fā)生在got up和hurried之前。 【答案】　C 完成句子 ④他叔叔去世了，留給他很多錢。 His uncle died， . ⑤看完電影后，他們高高興興地回到了家，結果發(fā)現家被人闖入了。 After the movie，they returned home happily， that the house had been broken into. 【答案】?、躭eaving him a lot of money　⑤only to find 8. By the time it ended，more than 700 people had been killed and 2,700 had been injured. (教材P23)到這次颶風結束時，共有700多人死亡，2,700多人受傷。 本句中by the time作連詞用，引導時間狀語從句，意為“到……為止；不遲于……”。主句則表示在此時間之前某個事件已完成。當從句用過去時時，主句通常用過去完成時。當從句用一般現在時時，主句通常用將來時或將來完成時。 By the time this letter reaches you，I will have left the country.當你收到這封信時，我將已離開這個國家了。 By the time she was 15，she had written three long novels. 當15歲時，她已經寫了三部長篇小說。 用動詞的適當形式填空 ①By the time we arrived at the area stricken by the earthquake，the rescue work (start)． ②The experiment (finish) by the time the professor came in. ③By the time you e here tomorrow, I (leave)． 【答案】　①had started?、趆ad been finished?、踳ill have left 9．strike vt.打擊；突然想起；讓(某人)覺得；給……以印象vi.罷工n.打擊；罷工 By the late 1890s，he had moved to Galveston，where he died in 1899，a year before the hurricane struck.(教材P23)19世紀90年代后期，他遷到加爾維斯頓，于1899年在那去世。第二年，颶風襲擊了那里。 The stone struck him in the eye.石子擊中了他的眼睛。 A good idea struck me.＝I struck on a good idea. 我突然想到一個好主意。 I was deeply struck by the beauty of ShangriLa. 香格里拉的美景給我留下了深刻的印象。 strike/beat/hit beat 表示有目的地在某物上連續(xù)不斷地打，可以是輕打也可以是重打；在游戲、競賽或戰(zhàn)爭中擊敗對方。也可表示“雨點擊打在……上”。 hit 著重指打中或擊中這一結果，強調敲打或擊中對方的某一點。 strike 指用力地“擊打”；表示短暫的動作，含有急速或突然的一次性毆打、打擊或敲擊，有時與hit通用，可以用于比喻意義。 Somebody was beating at the door.有人不停地敲門。 The car ran out of control and struck a tree. 汽車失去控制，撞在樹上。 She hit him on the head with a book. 她用書打他的頭。 選詞填空(strike/beat/hit) ①The rain was against the window. ②A stone the little boy on the head. ③A second shot her in the back. ④The Chinese Volleyball team Cuba by 31 in the opening game. 【答案】?、賐eating?、趕truck/hit?、踙it?、躡eat 句型轉換 ⑤A plan occurred to me immediately. →A plan me immediately. → I a plan immediately. 【答案】?、輘truck/hit；hit on/struck on 10．end up 結果為……；以……結束 The cemetery where Coghlan was buried was destroyed by the hurricane and Coghlans coffin ended up in the sea. (教材P23)埋葬科格倫的墓地被颶風破壞，他的棺材最后被卷進了大海。 Our game always ends up in a quarrel. 我們總是以吵鬧結束比賽。 end up as...最終成為…… end up ＋adj./prep.ph. 最終處于……狀態(tài) end up doing sth.最終……(表示伴隨動作，強調結果) end up with以……告終 He ended up as the head of the pany. 他最后成為這家公司的老板。 If he carries on driving like that，hell end up dead. 他如果繼續(xù)照那樣開車的話，早晚得死于非命。 【對接高考】 (xx江西高考)Smell the flowers before you go to sleep，and you may just sweet dreams. A．keep up with B．put up with C．end up with D．catch up with 【解析】　句意：睡前聞聞這些花，你可能就會做美夢。keep up with跟上；put up with忍受，容忍；end up with以……結束；catch up with追上，趕上。C項符合句意。 【答案】　C 完成句子 ①我結果是在機場過的夜。 I the night in the airport. ②如果你不聽我的建議，你最終會失敗的。 Youll if you dont follow my advice. ③她朗誦了一首小詩結束了她的演講。 She her speech a short poem. 【答案】?、賓nded up spending?、趀nd up in failure ③ended up；with Period ⅢIntegrating Skills & Grammar ●教學目標 (1)熟記學案中所列出的單詞和短語。 (2)通過學案中所給出的重點單詞和重點短語的學習，讓學生能夠正確理解這些單詞和短語，能夠運用這些詞語造句。 (3)聽懂課文中所給出的聽力材料。 (4)通過對語法的教學讓學生能夠理解并能夠正確運用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)和間接引語。 ●教學地位 通過GRAMMAR1學習過去完成時的被動形式，進一步區(qū)別被動和主動兩種語態(tài)，弄清楚如何表達兩個動作的前后關系。GRAMMAR 2學習間接引語的表達，通過實踐了解規(guī)則，指導進一步實踐。LISTENING AND VOCABULARY學習生詞，培養(yǎng)在聽力活動中通過對詞匯短語等語言形式的加工而達到理解其意義的能力。FUNCTION復習前兩個模塊中對課文詞語所下的定義，學習用自己的話下定義。EVERYDAY ENGLISH學會用特定的詞語表達好消息或壞消息。 (教師用書獨具) ●新課導入建議 通過對學生作業(yè)的檢查導入本堂新課。 ●教學流程設計 ?????????? 1．ruin v．毀滅；毀掉n.毀滅；廢墟(ruins) She returned home and found all her furniture had been ruined by the flood.(教材P24)她回到家發(fā)現所有的家具都已被洪水破壞了。 The heavy rain ruined my painting. 這場大雨把我的畫毀了。 in ruins成為廢墟 fall/e/go to(into) ruin毀滅；崩潰 The hotel was in ruins after that big fire. 那場大火過后，旅館成了廢墟。 The house has fallen into ruin.這座房子倒塌了。 damage/destroy/ruin damage 指部分“損壞，損害，破壞”或指使用價值有所降低。它可以用作動詞，也可以用作名詞。用作名詞時常與介詞to連用。 destroy 只能用作動詞，指徹底破壞，以至于不能修復，常作“破壞，毀滅”解，也可以指希望、計劃等破滅。 ruin 表示破壞嚴重，以至于不能修復，但這種破壞不像destroy 那樣毀滅某物，而是強調致使該物的使用價值發(fā)生了變化。ruin也有借喻