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1、專(zhuān)題限時(shí)檢測(cè)(二十六)　任務(wù)型閱讀(三) (限時(shí)24分鐘) A (2017·蘇、錫、常、鎮(zhèn)高三三模) Molecules (分子) found on phones reveal lifestyle secrets What does your phone say about you? Molecules found on mobile phones reveal an astonishing amount of information about the owner's health and lifestyle — including their food preferences

2、 and medication. Californian scientists found traces of everything from caffeine and spices to skin creams and antidepressants (抗抑郁藥物) on 40 phones they tested. We leave traces of molecules, chemicals and bacteria on everything we touch. Even washing hands thoroughly would not prevent the transfer

3、to everyday objects, the researchers said. Using a technique called mass spectrometry (光譜測(cè)定), the University of California, San Diego research team tested 500 samples taken from 40 adults' mobile phones and hands. They then compared them with molecules identified in a database and produced a “l(fā)ifest

4、yle profile” of each phone owner. Dr Amina Bouslimani, an assistant project scientist on the study, said the results were revealing. “By analysing the molecules they left behind on their phones, we could tell if a person is likely to be female, uses high-end cosmetics (化妝品), dyes her hair, drinks c

5、offee, prefers beer to wine, likes spicy food, is being treated for depression, wears sunscreen and bug spray — and therefore likely to spend a lot of time outdoors — all kinds of things，” she said. Most of the molecules are thought to be transferred from people's skin, hands and sweat to their pho

6、ne. Mosquito repellents (驅(qū)蚊劑) and sunscreens were found to stay for a particularly long time on people's skin and phones, even when they had not been used for months. Previous research by the same team found that people who had not washed for three days still had lots of traces of health and beauty

7、products on their skin. The study said the testing method could identify an object's owner without fingerprints. It could also check if patients were taking their medication. Besides, it could provide useful information about a person's exposure to pollution. The researchers now want to find out m

8、ore about the great quantity of bacteria that cover our skin — and what they reveal about us. Senior author Prof Pieter Dorrestein said there were at least 1,000 different microbes living on the average person's skin, in hundreds of locations on the body. Molecules (分子) found on phones reveal lifes

9、tyle secrets Research result Your mobile phones convey a large amount of information on your personal health and lifestyle. (1)______ research People who had not washed for three days still had lots of traces of health and beauty products on their skin. Research (2)______ ● Molecules, chemic

10、als and bacteria can be traced on mobile phones (3)________the habit of washing hands thoroughly. ●With the help of a(n) (4) ________， researchers tested 500 samples from 40 phones. ●(5)________ the samples with molecules identified in a database, scientists produced a “l(fā)ifestyle profile” of eac

11、h phone owner. ●Based on the (6)________ of the molecules, scientists could tell a person's gender, habits, hobbies, etc. Practical application ●The testing method can tell an object's owner's (7)________ in the absence of fingerprints. ●Information about a person's medication can be checked.

12、 ●How much a person is (8) ________to pollution can be traced. (9)______ research The researchers want to have a better (10) ________of bacteria covering our skin. 語(yǔ)篇解讀：本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，手機(jī)上的分子會(huì)泄露有關(guān)其主人的健康和生活方式方面的信息。 1．Previous　信息概括題。根據(jù)表格右欄的內(nèi)容及第四段最后一句“Previous research by the same team found that

13、 people who had not washed for three days ... on their skin.”可知，此處講的是先前的研究成果。 2．details/information　信息概括題。根據(jù)第二、三段的內(nèi)容及表格右欄中的信息可知，此處介紹的是研究的具體情況/信息。 3．despite　信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第二段中的“...Even washing hands thoroughly would not prevent ...”可知，即使你有徹底洗手的習(xí)慣，手機(jī)上也會(huì)留下分子、化學(xué)品和細(xì)菌的痕跡。 4．technique　直接信息題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Using a te

14、chnique called mass spectrometry (光譜測(cè)定)”可知，研究人員使用了一種被稱(chēng)作光譜測(cè)定法的技術(shù)。 5．Comparing　信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句話中的“They then compared them with molecules identified in a database”可知，研究人員將收集的樣本與他們?cè)跀?shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中找到的分子進(jìn)行了比較。 6．a(chǎn)nalysis/analyses　信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第三段第二句話中的“By analysing the molecules they left behind on their phones ...”可知，

15、根據(jù)對(duì)分子的研究分析，研究人員可以辨別一個(gè)人的性別、習(xí)慣、愛(ài)好等。 7．identity/identification　信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第五段第一句話中的“the testing method could identify an object's owner without fingerprints”可知，即使沒(méi)有指紋，這種測(cè)驗(yàn)方式也可以識(shí)別出物體的主人的身份。 8．exposed　信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第五段最后一句話中的“... about a person's exposure to pollution”可知，這種測(cè)驗(yàn)方式能提供有關(guān)一個(gè)人接觸污染的程度的信息。 9．Future/Furt

16、her　信息概括題。根據(jù)表格右欄中的信息及最后一段的內(nèi)容尤其是“find out more about the great quantity of bacteria that cover our skin ...”可知，此處內(nèi)容有關(guān)未來(lái)的/進(jìn)一步的研究。 10．understanding/knowledge　信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)最后一段第一句話中的“find out more about the great quantity of bacteria that cover our skin”可知，研究人員想要更好地了解我們皮膚上的細(xì)菌。 B (2017·蘇州高三一模) Are we mo

17、re narcissistic (自戀的) than ever before? Like the flower, narcissism has continued to flourish in modern civilization, which has become such a part of culture. But narcissism in psychology is more than a single question can capture, which really has three types of narcissism. Problems arise w

18、hen people discuss narcissism without identifying the form. Grandiose (浮夸) narcissism is the outgoing, extraverted (外向) form. The narcissistic individual believes he or she is smarter, better-looking and more important than others. And, of course, he or she gets special treatment for this fact. In

19、fact, some of them can be very charming, likable and enjoy people. On the opposite side, narcissistic relationships are often not very emotionally warm or caring. Vulnerable (脆弱) narcissism is the second flavor of narcissism. It is harder to see than grandiose narcissism. Vulnerable narcissists th

20、ink they have the right to get special treatment and greatness but actually have low self-confidence and are not typically extraverted. Imagine someone living in his mum's small room. He spends his evenings watching The X Factor believing he should be the next famous star singing act. Unfortunate

21、ly, he hasn't the confidence to do it and instead becomes a netizen, who posts offensive, controversial, or divisive materials on an Internet community. The third form of narcissism occurs when narcissism is extreme and causes clinically serious problems in a person's life — marriages fall apart, f

22、riends are lost, a career is over. When this occurs narcissism can be identified as a personality disorder — narcissistic personality disorder (also known as NPD ), containing a mix of both grandiose and vulnerable narcissism. Can you change narcissism or NPD? There is no simple answer to this.

23、 For grandiose narcissism, what I often do is suggest practicing caring and compassion, doing what you are passionate about rather than what gets your attention and being responsible for your mistakes as well as successes.For vulnerable narcissism I would add to this list with practices that reduce

24、depression and anxiety. Develop a sense of belonging or a friendship network; participate in physical exercise; or practice a form of emptying your mind of thoughts and feelings. For NPD, there is no single, scientifically affirmed treatment of choice. But pay attention to the following. First,

25、 people with NPD are often reluctant to enter treatment because in their mind they do not have a problem — everyone else does. Second, it is challenging for doctors to keep individuals with NPD in treatment. Narcissism is increasing and while social media hasn't been proven to actually create n

26、arcissists, it does give them a new platform to gain attention and admiration. Still, I remain optimistic that people can change if they are motivated, have the right tools, and know what type of narcissism they are dealing with. Are we more narcissistic (自戀的) than ever before？ Current sit

27、uations about narcissism ·Narcissism has developed to become a part of culture. ·Narcissism is more (1)________ than expected in psychology. (2)______ of narcissism in divided types ·A narcissist is outgoing and socially confident, sometimes showing loveliness. ·A narcissist considers himsel

28、f to be such an unusual person as to be treated (3)________． ·A narcissist is often cold and likely to (4)________ care in emotion towards others. ·Vulnerable narcissism is more (5)________ than grandiose narcissism. ·A narcissist isn't actually confident though in his opinion he (6)________ sp

29、ecial things. ·Narcissism is quite extreme to cause serious problems in the clinic, affecting the personal life. The approaches to treating narcissism or NPD ·Be more considerate, do favorite things and take (7)________ for whatever they do. ·Try to (8)________ by making more friends, doing ex

30、ercise and so on. ·Help people with NPD to realize they have problems and not to (9)________ treatment. The future trend ·Narcissism is increasing perhaps because of social media. ·Narcissism can be (10)________ if handled actively in proper ways. 1．complicated/complex　信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第一段中的“But nar

31、cissism in psychology is more than a single question can capture”可知，心理學(xué)上的自戀不僅僅是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的問(wèn)題，顯然此處是在暗示其是“復(fù)雜的”問(wèn)題，所以填complicated/complex。 2．Features/Characteristics　信息概括題。根據(jù)文章第二至四段及表格右欄的內(nèi)容可知，這里說(shuō)的是自戀的“特點(diǎn)”，所以填Features/Characteristics。 3．specially　信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第二段中的“he or she gets special treatment for this fact”可

32、知，自戀者認(rèn)為自己應(yīng)該被“特別地(specially)”對(duì)待。 4．lack　信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，從相反的角度來(lái)看，自戀者之間的關(guān)系通常缺乏情感上的溫暖和關(guān)懷。故填lack。 5．hidden/concealed　信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第三段第二句可知，脆弱型自戀比浮夸型自戀更難觀察到，這就暗示出，脆弱型自戀是更為隱蔽的(hidden/concealed)。 6．deserves　信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Vulnerable narcissists think they have the right to get special treatment ...”可知，脆弱型

33、自戀者認(rèn)為他們有權(quán)利得到特殊的對(duì)待，即他們認(rèn)為自己應(yīng)得到特殊的對(duì)待，所以填deserves，意思是“值得，應(yīng)得”。 7．responsibility　信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第五段中的“being responsible for your mistakes”可知，此處指要對(duì)自己的錯(cuò)誤負(fù)責(zé)。根據(jù)此空的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)判斷，要用responsible的名詞形式構(gòu)成固定搭配take responsibility for ...“對(duì)……負(fù)責(zé)任”。 8．relax　信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第五段中的“I would add to this list with practices that reduce depression and anxiety.”可知，作者在此處建議要增加可以減輕壓抑和憂慮的練習(xí)，即要放松(relax)。 9．refuse　信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)第五段中的“people with NPD are often reluctant to enter treatment”可知，患這種疾病的人通常不愿意接受治療，故此處指幫助他們不要拒絕(refuse)治療。 10．changed/changeable　信息轉(zhuǎn)換題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句可知，此處指如果自戀得以正確處理的話，自戀這一狀況可得到改變。故此處可填changed/changeable。