2019-2020年高中英語 Unit16 Stories單詞.典句.考點(diǎn) 北師大版選修61. abandon vt. 放棄，遺棄【經(jīng)典例句】The study shows that most of the students are afraid of being abandoned.研究表明，大多數(shù)學(xué)生都害怕怕被丟下, 無人照管。The child was found abandoned but unharmed. 該棄兒被人們發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)安然無恙?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1）構(gòu)詞：a（加強(qiáng)語氣） ban（禁止）don（動(dòng)詞后綴）禁止否定 遺棄2）同義詞：desert vt. 放棄 3）作“拋棄；舍棄”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接人和家的名詞作賓語。如：abandon ones home 離棄家園He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money. 他拋棄了妻子還帶走了兩人所有的錢。4)作“放棄；停止做（某事）”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接表示“事物”的名詞作賓語。如：They abandoned the game because of rain. 因?yàn)橄掠瓯荣愅Ｖ沽恕?)作“放縱；放任”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接反身代詞作賓語。abandon oneself to沉緬于, 陷入。如：He abandoned himself to despair. 他自暴自棄。6)abandoned作過去分詞,常常用作定語或表語，表示被動(dòng)意義和狀態(tài)，多數(shù)修飾人。 7）abandon 和 desert的辨析 ： abandon 強(qiáng)調(diào)“完全、永遠(yuǎn)地遺棄”, 尤其是指遺棄以前感興趣或負(fù)有責(zé)任的人或物, 例如：It is quite wrong for a teacher to abandon a student because he is naughty. 一個(gè)老師因?yàn)橐粋€(gè)學(xué)生調(diào)皮，棄之不管是十分錯(cuò)誤的。desert 強(qiáng)調(diào)“違背誓言、命令、責(zé)任、義務(wù)等”。如:The soldier deserted his country and helped the enemy.那個(gè)士兵叛國助敵?！净顚W(xué)活用】利用上面的解釋，根據(jù)句意填空：1.（上海春季，E篇改編）There is now a huge rubbish dump in the middle of this tropical paradise, covered with cars and other waste.2.He his boss and went away with all the money but now, he lives a miserable life in an house by the riverside.答案：1. abandoned 2.abandoned；abandoned 2. preserve vt. 保護(hù)，保存【經(jīng)典例句】The Town Council spent a lot of money to preserve the old castle and other places of historic interest.市政委員會(huì)花了不少錢來維修那座古城堡和其它古跡。The Big House Of Qiao Family (喬家大院) is a perfectly preserved old house. 喬家大院一座保存完好的宅第?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1）構(gòu)詞：pre（=before）+ serve(服務(wù)) 2）同義詞： protect vt. 保護(hù)； defend vt. 防護(hù)3）派生詞： preservation n. 保存； preservationist n.(對(duì)野生動(dòng)物、自然區(qū)、古跡和傳統(tǒng)事物等的)保護(hù)主義者4）作“保護(hù)”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接表示“物”的名詞作賓語。如：We have taken effective measures to preserve our natural resources.我們已采取有效措施保護(hù)自然資源。Oil preserves metal from rust.油保護(hù)金屬免于生銹。5）還作“預(yù)訂；預(yù)約”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接房間等的名詞作賓語。如：I have reserved a room for you at the hotel. 我已在旅館為你預(yù)訂了一個(gè)房間。6）牢記下面的短語：in reserve備用的 without reserve無保留地；無條件地I believe your story without reserve. 我毫無保留地相信你說的。preservefrom保護(hù)以免be in fair preservation保存得好the preservation of world peace維護(hù)世界和平preservation of food食品保藏7) preserve sth. from being damaged 強(qiáng)調(diào)某古物受到保護(hù)，沒有遭受侵害; protect sth. from being doing 強(qiáng)調(diào)身體某部位受到保護(hù)，免遭被損害; prevent sth. from doing, stop sth. from doing , keep sth. from doing 都表示阻止某事發(fā)生?！净顚W(xué)活用】單項(xiàng)填空：1) This vase by an old woman. A. has preserved B. preserved C. preserves D. has been preserved2）The old box is because oil preserves metal from rust.A. in good preservation B. a good preservation C. preservation D. out of good preservation答案： 1. D 2. A 3. witness vt. 目擊【經(jīng)典例句】Police have appealed for anyone who witnessed the incident to contact them. 警方呼吁凡是目擊這一事故的人與他們聯(lián)系。This old classroom has witnessed many geniuses.這個(gè)古老的教室是很多天才的見證?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1）構(gòu)詞：wit (=visit,看)+ness (名詞后綴) 2）近義詞：evidence n. 證據(jù)，證言。3)作“證人,證據(jù),證詞”講時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞，經(jīng)常用作單數(shù)形式。如：He was a witness of the accident. 他是一個(gè)事件目擊者These facts are a witness to his carelessness.這些事實(shí)證明了他的粗心。4）作“親眼看見，目睹”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接表示“物”的名詞作賓語。主語是人。如：We witnessed great changes in the city. 我們目擊了這個(gè)城市的巨大變化。5）作“作證,見證”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接表示“物”的名詞作賓語。主語常常是物。如：The old house witnessed that the old teacher had been teaching all his life. 這所古老的房子是這位老師教書一輩子的見證。6）作“表示；表明”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接表示情感的名詞作賓語。如：His tears witnessed the shame he felt. 他的眼淚說明他感到羞愧。7）牢記下面的短語：be a witness to sth. 成為的證據(jù)give witness to sth. 為提供證據(jù)bear false witness against sb.作對(duì)某人不利的偽證bear witness to構(gòu)成.的證據(jù)call. to witness傳.做證人give witness on behalf of sb.為某人作證in witness of作為.的證明8）辨析witness，see，look，watch，notice的用法：witness側(cè)重看到某事物后，能夠作為證人，提供證據(jù)。see意為"看見",表示視覺器官有意識(shí)或無意識(shí)地看到物體,強(qiáng)調(diào)"看到"的結(jié)果。如: Can you see the evidence of the volcano from the stone? 從這石頭上看到火山的證據(jù)嗎？look意為"看",表示有意識(shí)地觀看,強(qiáng)調(diào)"看"的動(dòng)作。如: Look! There is a rare old vase in the hole. 看!那洞里有一個(gè)罕見的花瓶。watch意為"觀看;注視",指集中注意力觀看。如: I watched the volcano burning for more than three hours.我觀察那火山燃燒了三個(gè)多小時(shí)。notice意為"看到;注意到",指有意識(shí)地注意,含有"從不注意到注意的變化"的意義。如:He noticed that a river of liquid rock was ing towards him.他發(fā)現(xiàn)有一股巖漿在朝他流來。【活學(xué)活用】1）The street cleaner the whole accident at 2:00 this afternoon.2）His good health is to the success of this treatment.答案： 1. witnessed 2. a witness 4. occur vi. 發(fā)生【經(jīng)典例句】When exactly did the volcano eruption occur? 那次火山爆發(fā)究竟是什么時(shí)候發(fā)生的？Heavy rains occur during a summer monsoon in the Pacific Ocean.在太平洋，暴雨出現(xiàn)在一個(gè)夏季季風(fēng)期。The idea never occurred to me.我從來沒想到這個(gè)主意?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1）構(gòu)詞： oc（朝某個(gè)方向） cur（跑） 2）近義詞：e about 發(fā)生； happen發(fā)生；take place 發(fā)生3）occur與to連用，sth. occur to sb. 浮現(xiàn)在某人的腦海中; 被某人想到4)作“發(fā)生”講時(shí)，happen，是不及物動(dòng)詞，。如：The accident occurred at five oclock. 事故發(fā)生在五點(diǎn)鐘。Earthquakes occur frequently in this area.這一地區(qū)經(jīng)常發(fā)生地震。5)作“出現(xiàn)”講時(shí)，是不及物動(dòng)詞。如：Do giraffes occur in Africa only?長(zhǎng)頸鹿是不是只在非洲才有?6)作“被想起,被想到”講時(shí)，是不及物動(dòng)詞，常接介詞to連用。常接表示“人”的名詞作賓語。如：It occurred to me to visit my teacher.我想到要去看看我的老師。It never occurred to me that he might be in trouble.我怎么也沒有想到他會(huì)遇上麻煩。7）牢記下面的短語和句型：If anything should occur, . 如果發(fā)生什么事情的話, It occurred to me that . 我剛剛想到 8）occur，happen，e about ，take place 和break out的辨析：這些詞或短語都有“發(fā)生”的意思，但用法各不相同，區(qū)別如下： occur作“發(fā)生、想到、突然想起”解。例如： A big earthquake occurred in the south of China last month. happen作“發(fā)生、碰巧”解，一般用于偶然或突發(fā)性事件。例如： I happened to see him on my way home. e about表示“發(fā)生、產(chǎn)生”，多指事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生了，但還不知道為什么，常用于疑問句和否定句。例如：When Mother woke up, she didnt know what had e about. take place 表示“發(fā)生、舉行、舉辦”，一般指非偶然性事件的“發(fā)生”，即這種事件的發(fā)生一定有某種原因或事先的安排。例如： The Olympic Games of xx will take place in Beijing. break out意思為“發(fā)生、爆發(fā)”，常指戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、災(zāi)難、疾病或者爭(zhēng)吵等事件的發(fā)生，也可以表示突然大聲叫喊等。例如： After the flood, diseases broke out here and there. 【活學(xué)活用】利用上面的詞組填空：1)A fire in the hospital in the mid-night. 2)It to me that she didnt know I had moved into the new house. 3)It that I saw him on my way home. 4）It didnt to him that she would refuse his invitation.答案： 1. broke out 2. occurred 3. happened4. occur5. particularly adv. 特別地，特定地【經(jīng)典例句】Li Hua isnt particularly clever but diligent.李華并不特別聰明,但很勤奮。A large part of human activity, particularly in relation to the environment, is in response to conditions or events.大量的人類活動(dòng)，尤其是關(guān)系到環(huán)境的活動(dòng)，應(yīng)對(duì)現(xiàn)狀負(fù)責(zé)?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1）構(gòu)詞：particular（特殊的） ly （副詞后綴）2)作“顯著地”講時(shí)，是副詞，evry much。如：He isnt particularly clever but industrious."他并不特別聰明,但很勤奮。"3)作“格外，尤其”講時(shí)，是副詞=especially。如：Rice grows well in their county, particularly in their village.他們縣里的稻谷長(zhǎng)得很好,他們村的尤其好。4）particular作“特殊的；獨(dú)特的”講時(shí)，是形容詞，常常和介詞連用。如：Her particular way of smiling left a good impression on me.她特有的微笑給我留下了美好的印象。3）particular作“細(xì)節(jié)；個(gè)別部分?！敝v時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞。in particular特殊地；尤其令人，如： The work is plete in every particular. 這個(gè)工作全部完成了。【活學(xué)活用】單句改錯(cuò)：1)(陜西, 短文改錯(cuò)81)I know youare particuiar interests in Human Rights.2）Is there anything youd like particular for dinner?3）She is so particularly about her housework that servants will not work for her.答案：1) particularparticularly 2) particular改為particularly 3)particularly改為particular 6.vivid /5vivid/ adj. 生動(dòng)的，逼真的【經(jīng)典例句】I gave my friends a vivid description of my journey.我娓娓動(dòng)聽地給朋友們講述我的旅行。The changing vivid colours of the sunset fascinated the eye.日落時(shí)變化多端的色彩使人看得入迷?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1) 同義詞：lively adj.生動(dòng)形象的，活潑的；brisk adj.輕快的，活潑的 ；反義詞：rigid adj.剛硬的，呆板的2)作“活潑的；栩栩如生的”講時(shí)，是形容詞，常常修飾故事、演講、描述等。Our teacher is a vivid young man.我們的老師是一個(gè)活潑的青。She gave the police a vivid description of the accident. 她對(duì)警察生動(dòng)地描述了這次事故。3)作“鮮明的，鮮艷的（光線、色彩等）”講時(shí)，是形容詞，常常修飾顏色、服裝等。The actresses were wearing vivid historical costumes.女演員們穿著鮮艷的古裝。4) 辨析lively與vivid：lively生動(dòng)的，活潑的，常用詞，強(qiáng)調(diào)活潑有活力。vivid活潑的，生動(dòng)的，強(qiáng)調(diào)給人感官上的一種印象或頭腦中的認(rèn)識(shí)?！净顚W(xué)活用】漢譯英：1)她對(duì)警察生動(dòng)地描述了這次事故。答案： She gave the police a vivid description of the accident. 7. tease vt. & n. 嘲笑，取笑【經(jīng)典例句】If you always tease others like that, youll lose the good opinion of your friends.你如果老是那樣捉弄?jiǎng)e人,你就會(huì)喪失朋友們的好感。First of all, a student must not tease the disabled classmates. Secondly, he should try his best to take care of them. 一個(gè)學(xué)生首先禁止取笑殘疾同學(xué)，第二， 要盡最大的努力幫助他們?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1)構(gòu)詞： tea(喝茶)+ ease（使悠閑）= tease(取笑)2)轉(zhuǎn)換詞：tease n. 愛戲弄人的人3）作“取笑；嘲弄”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接表示“人”的名詞作賓語。如：If you always tease others like that, youll forfeit the good opinion of your friends.你如果老是那樣捉弄?jiǎng)e人,你就會(huì)喪失朋友們的好感。4）作“愛戲弄人的人”講時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞， 經(jīng)常用作單數(shù)形式，表示集體意義。如：She is a big tease, but she doesnt mean anything by it.她很愛戲弄人,但她并沒有什么惡意。5)下列的短語含有tease的意思：play a joke on; play a trick on , make fun of6)注意下列短語的用法: tease a person with用取笑某人 tease up加以修整【活學(xué)活用】單句改錯(cuò)：1.He hates to be played a joke about his balding head.2. Dont take it seriously. He was only teased.答案： 1. joke后加on 2. teased改為teasing 8. imitation n. 仿效，模仿【經(jīng)典例句】His imitation of that singer is perfect.他模仿那位歌唱家模仿得維妙維肖。Although Helen couldnt see, speak and listen, she gave an imitation ofher teacher very fast, which is an example to whoever could see, speak and listen well.盡管海倫看不見，說不出，聽不見，但是，她模仿她的老師很快，這對(duì)于身體健全的人來說，是一個(gè)很好的例子?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1）巧計(jì)提示：imagine (想象) =imitate(模仿)2）派生詞： imitated adj.模仿的, 假冒的; imitator n. 模仿者; imitation n.模仿, 效法, 贗品。如：His imitation of that singer is perfect.他模仿那位歌唱家模仿得維妙維肖。3）近義詞：copy vt. 復(fù)印, 復(fù)制4）反義詞：create vt. 創(chuàng)造5）作“模仿，仿效”講時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞。如：His imitation of that singer is perfect.他模仿那位歌唱家模仿得維妙維肖。It is a good way for the pupils to learn English at the beginning in imitation of what their English teacher does. 小學(xué)生一開始模仿他們的老師做是學(xué)習(xí)英語的好辦法。6）作“仿制品;贗品”講時(shí)，是可數(shù)名詞， 經(jīng)常用作單數(shù)形式，表示集體意義。如：The vase is an imitation of the one in the museum.這只花瓶是博物館那只的仿制品?！净顚W(xué)活用】利用imitate的正確形式填空：1)It is not good manners to amuse friends by the teachers. 2)Her style of painting has been by other artists. 3)I learned the song by . 答案： 1. imitating 2. imitated 3. imitation9. applaud vi. & vt. 鼓掌【經(jīng)典例句】The nursery teacher clapped her hands to attract the childrens attention.幼兒園的教師拍拍手,要孩子們注意?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1）構(gòu)詞： ap（=ad前綴，添加） plaud (= clap 鼓掌) =拍手喝彩2）applaud 表示因?yàn)楦吲d或強(qiáng)烈支持而拍手并且大聲喝彩。Everyone applauded when the play ended. 演出結(jié)束時(shí)，大家都熱烈鼓掌。3）clap表示多數(shù)輕拍鼓掌, 以引起他人的注意，多數(shù)用于教課或開會(huì)的開始。如：The coach clapped the new member of his team on the back to suggest his encouragement.教練輕輕拍了拍新來的隊(duì)員的背表示鼓勵(lì)4）作“稱贊, 贊成”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接表示政策、決定等名詞作賓語。如：The teachers and the students all applauded the governments decision to close the small dye factory.師生一致贊成政府關(guān)于關(guān)閉這座小印染廠的決定。The headmasters efforts to improve the situation are to be applauded. 校長(zhǎng)為改善狀況所作的努力應(yīng)該受到贊許。5）牢記相關(guān)短語：applaud sb.s decision to do sth.贊揚(yáng)某人干某事的決心；be loudly applauded. 某人大受鼓掌贊許；applaud sb. for sth稱贊某人某事?！净顚W(xué)活用】A. a clap B. applauded, for C. applauded D. clapped1)The teacher hard to attract the classs attention.2)He gave me on the back and invited me for a drink.3)When she finished her singing, the audience the singer for three minutes.4)We him his bravery before the mad dog. 答案： 1. D 2. A 3. C 4. B10. present vt. 介紹,提出,呈現(xiàn)【經(jīng)典例句】When you are at middle school, you should learn how to present yourself better.上中學(xué)的時(shí)候，你應(yīng)該學(xué)會(huì)怎樣更善于展示自己。The pany has decided it must present a more modern image. 公司已決定，必須展現(xiàn)出更加現(xiàn)代的形象。At the meeting, the parents presented some suggestions to the headmaster about their childrens study, diet, rest and exercise. 在會(huì)上， 家長(zhǎng)們向校長(zhǎng)關(guān)于孩子們的學(xué)習(xí)、飲食、休息和鍛煉提出了一些建議?！究键c(diǎn)聚焦】1）構(gòu)詞：pre(=be)sent(派發(fā)) 2) 反義詞： absent adj.不在的; absence n.不在, 缺席3）轉(zhuǎn)換詞：present =gift n.禮物,贈(zèng)品。如：He often gave his neighbors kids little presents.他常常送些小禮物給鄰居的孩子。4)作“介紹,提出,呈現(xiàn)”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接表示“物”的名詞作賓語。如：Allow me to present Mr Black to you. 請(qǐng)?jiān)试S我向您介紹布萊克先生 。They presented three reasons to return to his homeland.他提出了三個(gè)回國的理由。 After the meeting, the school presented a new aspect. 會(huì)后，學(xué)校呈現(xiàn)了出一派新氣象。5)還可作“給予”講時(shí)=offer，是及物動(dòng)詞。如：present flowers獻(xiàn)花，present a book to sb. (= present sb. with a book)送給某人一本書 6)作“現(xiàn)在的, 到場(chǎng)的，”講時(shí)，是形容詞。如：What is your present job? 你現(xiàn)在的工作是什么？How many people were present at the meeting? 會(huì)議有多少人出席？7)作“”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接動(dòng)名詞或表示“物”的名詞作賓語。如：8) 注意下列短語的用法:at present目前for the present眼前；暫時(shí) present oneself 出席；到場(chǎng)present sth. to sb. 送給某人某物present reasons 提出理由 be present to出現(xiàn)在面前up to the present直到現(xiàn)在【活學(xué)活用】單句改錯(cuò)：1) The children unwrapped their Christmas at presents with delight.2）He always present a calm smiling face. 答案： 1. 去掉at 2. present 改為presents 11. justify vt. 證明是正當(dāng)?shù)摹窘?jīng)典例句】How can they justify that this kind of food is low-fat？他們?cè)跄茏C明這種食物是低脂肪的呢？【考點(diǎn)聚焦】1）構(gòu)詞：just（正直的，正當(dāng)?shù)模? i + fy（動(dòng)詞后綴） 2) 轉(zhuǎn)換詞：justifier n.辯護(hù)者, 辯解者;justification n.認(rèn)為有理, 認(rèn)為正當(dāng)。3）作“證明是正當(dāng)?shù)摹敝v時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接信任、信念、觀點(diǎn)等名詞作賓語。如：The course of events fully justifies our views.事情的發(fā)展完全證明我們的意見是正確的。Her success had justified the faith her teachers had put in her. 她的成功證明了老師對(duì)她的信任是正確的。4）作“為辯護(hù)”講時(shí)，是及物動(dòng)詞， 常接表示“人”的名詞作賓語。如：How can you justify your rude and foolish behaviour?你怎能為你粗魯而愚蠢的行為辯護(hù)?5）justify本身已經(jīng)含有“正確”之意；His success justified his his idea. 他的成功證明的他的觀點(diǎn)是正確的。6） prove vi. 證明是，后需要加right或wrong的等表示“是非”的形容詞。After four years, his idea proved to be right. 四后， 他的觀點(diǎn)證明是正確的。7) 注意下面短語的用法: sb. be justified in doing. 證明是正當(dāng)?shù)模?justify oneself to be證明自已是【活學(xué)活用】單項(xiàng)填空:A. are justified B. justify C. has proved D. justified1.The king deliberately the tactic of his kingdom.2.The editors in refusing your work.3.The little boy his cleverness in the television quiz.4.How can you your rude behavior?答案： 1. D 2.A 3. C 4.B