2019-2020年高考英語 Unit 5Nelson Mandelaa modern hero要點梳理+重點突破 新人教版必修1要 點 梳 理高效梳理知識備考重點單詞1quality n質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；性質(zhì)2active adj.積極的；活躍的actively adv.積極地activity n活動3devote vt.(與to連用)獻(xiàn)身；專心于devoted adj.忠實的，深愛的devotion n奉獻(xiàn)4found vt.建立；建設(shè)5principle n法則；原則；原理6peaceful adj.和平的；平靜的；安寧的peace n和平7legal adj.法律的；依照法律的illegal(反義詞)8hopeful adj.懷有希望的；有希望的hopeless(反義詞)hope n. & v希望9youth n青年；青年時期10vote vt. & vi.投票；選舉 n投票；選票；表決11attack vt.進(jìn)攻；攻擊；抨擊12violence n暴力；暴行violent adj.猛烈的，兇暴的13equal adj.相等的，平等的equally adv.相等地equality n同等，平等14willing adj.樂意的；自愿的15escape vi.逃脫；逃走；泄露16educate vt.教育；訓(xùn)練educated adj.受過教育的；有教養(yǎng)的education n教育17beg vi. & vt.請求；乞求18relative n親戚；親屬relation n關(guān)系relationship n關(guān)系19terror n恐怖；可怕的人；恐怖時期；恐怖活動terrorism n恐怖主義terrorist n恐怖分子20reward n報酬；獎金 vt.酬勞；獎賞21opinion n意見；看法；主張重點短語1out of work 失業(yè)2as a matter of fact 事實上3in trouble 在危險/受罰/痛苦處境中4turn to 求助于；致力于5lose heart 喪失信心6e to power 當(dāng)權(quán)；上臺7set up 設(shè)立；建立8be sentenced to 被判處(徒刑)9worry about 擔(dān)心10be put into prison 被關(guān)進(jìn)監(jiān)獄11blow up 使充氣；爆炸12fight against 對而戰(zhàn)13go against the law 違反法律14be willing to do sth. 樂于干15be active in sth. 積極從事重點句型1The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress, until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.過去30年來所出現(xiàn)的大量法律剝奪了我們的權(quán)利，阻擋了我們的進(jìn)步，一直到今天，我們還處在幾乎什么權(quán)利都沒有的階段。2.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 直到那時我們才決定以暴還暴。3I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次給旅行團(tuán)作講解時，我的心情很不好。高考范文(xx山東卷)假設(shè)你是李華，曾在美國學(xué)習(xí)半年，現(xiàn)已回國。你想聯(lián)系你的美國老師 Mr Smith，但沒有聯(lián)系方式。請根據(jù)以下要點給你的美國同學(xué) Tom寫一封信：1感謝Tom對你英語學(xué)習(xí)的幫助；2詢問Mr Smith 的近況并索要其聯(lián)系方式；3邀請 Tom 在春節(jié)期間來中國感受中國文化。注意：1.詞數(shù)120150；2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)。思路點撥審題可知本題是對書信形式的應(yīng)用文體的考查。本題要求以李華的名義給美國同學(xué)Tom寫信，因此本題需要用第一人稱，時態(tài)主要選用一般現(xiàn)在時；文章應(yīng)該包括提示要點，并適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)。格式、語言等方面要符合文體要求，論述要點應(yīng)簡明扼要。范文Dear Tom，Thank you very much for your kind help when I stayed in America. With your help, my English has improved a lot and my teachers and friends are surprised at my fluent English.How is Mr Smith? I want to know something about his life. I tried to get in touch with him, but unfortunately I dont have his address and cant connect with him. Do you have his email address or his telephone number?The Spring Festival is ing. It is an important traditional festival for Chinese, when all the family members get together. It is like Christmas in the Western countries. Would you like to e to feel the Chinese culture? I am sure you will live happily here and learn a lot of funny things. Besides, I can also show you around some places of interest.Best wishes! Im looking forward to your reply.Yours，Li Hua考 點 探 究互動探究能力備考.詞匯短語過關(guān)1quality n. 質(zhì)量；品質(zhì)；性質(zhì)，特征quantity n. 數(shù)量be of good/bad quality 好/壞的品質(zhì)be of high/poor quality 優(yōu)/劣質(zhì)extra fine quality 特等firstrate quality 一等即學(xué)即練1(1)He has a watch _.他有只質(zhì)量好的手表。(2)One _ of wood is that it can burn.木材的一個特性是可以燃燒。(3)Its cheaper to buy goods _.購物的量大就便宜一些。of good qualityqualityin large quantities2devote vt. (與 to 連用)獻(xiàn)身；專心于devoted adj. 熱愛的；忠誠的devoteoneselftime ones life moneyenergytosth.把用在，doing sth. 把獻(xiàn)給sb. be devoted to 專心致志于；忠于；很喜歡a devoted friend 一位忠實的朋友即學(xué)即練2(1)She devoted her lifetime _ homeless children.她把一生用來幫助無家可歸的孩子。(2)His whole life has been devoted _ the origin of cancer.他的一生都獻(xiàn)給了對癌癥起因的研究。(3)After he graduated, he continued to _ research.畢業(yè)之后他繼續(xù)致力于研究工作。to helpingto studyingdevote himself to3vote vt. & vi.投票，選舉 n投票；選票；表決vote for投票贊成vote against投票反對vote on投票表決vote.down投票擊敗，投票否決vote through投票通過put.to the vote付諸表決，裁決即學(xué)即練3(1)Did you _ her？你投了她的贊成票還是反對票？(2)He _ the most promising new director.他當(dāng)選為最有前途的新導(dǎo)演。(3)The plan was passed by 6 _ 3.這項計劃以6票對3票獲得通過。vote for or againstwas votedvotes to提示：vote for表示“投票贊同”； vote against表示“投票反對”，類似結(jié)構(gòu)還有“be for/against; fight for/against”。4equal vt. 等于；抵得上adj. 相等的；勝任的n. 同等/相等的人或物equality n. 平等A equals B in.A在方面比得上Bbe equal ton./doing sth. 等于；與相等；有的能力(勇氣、力量等)；勝任，能干be without equal/have no equal 無與倫比即學(xué)即練4(1)He equals me _ strength but not _ intelligence.他和我力氣相當(dāng)，但智力不同。(2)Are men equal _ women _ physical strength？在體力上男人和女人相同嗎？(3)She did not feel equal _ visitors.她覺得自己不適合接待來客。(4)Yao Ming is a basketball player _ in China.在中國，姚明是個無與倫比的籃球運動員。inintointo receivingwithout equal5escape vi. 逃脫；逃走vt. 避免；免除n逃跑；逸出；出口escape from 從逃脫，逃走escapen./doing sth. 避免(做)某事a narrow/near escape死里逃生fire escape太平梯，安全梯；安全出口即學(xué)即練5(1)The bird has _ its cage.小鳥已從籠中逃掉了。(2)Is the gas _ somewhere?是不是有地方漏氣？(3)How can we escape _/_？我們怎樣才不會被人發(fā)現(xiàn)？(4)His name _ me for the moment.我一時想不起他的名字來。escaped fromescapingobservationbeing observedescapes6reward n. 報酬；獎金；vt. 酬勞，獎賞rewarding adj. 報答的，有益的，值得的as a reward for 作為(對某事的)報酬/獎賞in reward of 為酬謝；作為獎勵reward sb. for sth./doing sth. 為(做)某事而報答某人reward sb. with sth. 用某物獎賞某人即學(xué)即練6(1)Its _ virtue.那是對美德的回報。(2)I dont expect anything _； I did it because I enjoyed it.我不指望得到什么報答，我做這件事只是因為我喜歡干。(3)They _ the boy _ 5 _ bringing back the lost dog.他們給了那個男孩五英鎊，酬謝他把走失的狗送回來。a reward forin rewardrewardedwithfor7out of work 失業(yè)out of business 破產(chǎn)；歇業(yè)out of control 失控out of repair 失修out of order 有毛病out of date 過時out of ones reach 夠不著out of danger 脫險out of question 毫無疑問out of the question 不可能的out of patience 失去耐心out of temper 發(fā)脾氣out of mind 心不在焉即學(xué)即練7(1)_,_.諺眼不見，心不念。(離久情疏。)(2)Hes been _for six months.他已經(jīng)失業(yè)六個月了。(3)It is _that he will be admitted into key universities.他能考上重點大學(xué)是不成問題的。Out of sightout of mindout of workout of question8in trouble 處在困難/麻煩中(表狀態(tài))get (sb.) into/out of trouble 使(某人)陷入/擺脫困境(表動作)ask/look for trouble 找麻煩make trouble 鬧事；搗亂have trouble in doing sth. 做某事有麻煩take the trouble to do sth. 不辭辛苦地做某事put sb. to the trouble of doing sth.麻煩某人做某事即學(xué)即練8(1)My friends always help me out when I am _(有麻煩時)(2)Dont mention my name, or youll _ (給我惹麻煩)(3)They _(費心地) find the right person.in troubleget me into troubletook great trouble to 9lose heart (be discouraged) 氣餒；灰心；泄氣lose ones heart to sth.(devote oneself to sth.) 把身心投入到lose ones heart to sb. (fall in love with sb.)喜歡即學(xué)即練9(1)It is said that the team lost the game simply because the team leader _.據(jù)說這個隊比賽輸了就是因為隊長喪失了信心。(2)Dont _； all will turn out well.不要失去勇氣，一切都會好起來的。lost heartlose heart拓展：put ones heart into 把全部心思放在have sth. in ones heart 把放在心上have ones heart in sth. 對某事有興趣set ones heart on/upon sth. 渴望/熱衷于某事learn.by heart 記?。槐痴btake heart 振作精神，鼓起勇氣10turn to求助于；致力于turn away拒絕，不準(zhǔn)某人入內(nèi)turn around轉(zhuǎn)身turn down拒絕；調(diào)小turn in上交turn off關(guān)掉turn on打開turn out趕出；證明是，結(jié)果是turn over翻身，翻轉(zhuǎn)turn up露面，出現(xiàn)；開大即學(xué)即練10(1)Nobody seems to understand. I dont know who to _.似乎沒人懂這個，我不知道該向誰求助。(2)Paul _ alcohol to try to forget his problems at work.保羅借酒消愁，想忘掉工作中的問題。(3)The job _ than we thought.這份工作結(jié)果比我們想像的更難。(4)Why did she _ your invitation?她為什么拒絕你的邀請？ turn toturned to drinkingturned out(to be) harderturn down11set up 設(shè)立；建立即學(xué)即練11寫出下列各句中set up的意思。(1)They set up a notice on the wall._(2)They set up a mittee to investigate the matter. _(3)Chinese athletes set up quite a few new world records in the 15th Asian Games. _張貼建立創(chuàng)(紀(jì)錄)拓展：set about 開始做，著手set aside 使分離；留出；拔出；不理會set back 推遲，阻礙set down 記下；寫下；規(guī)定set off 引起爆炸；動身出發(fā)；引起set out 動身出發(fā)；開始；陳述；陳列.重點句型詳解1.only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.只有到那時我們才決定用暴力反抗暴力。only 修飾的時間、條件和方式狀語，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)而提到句首時，句子要用部分倒裝形式，把原句中的情態(tài)動詞、系動詞或助動詞提到主語前面。only 如修飾從句而提到句首，主句要部分倒裝。Only at that time did he realize that he had made a mistake.直到那時他才意識到自己犯的錯誤。Only by practising a few hours every day will you be able to master English.只有通過每天練習(xí)幾個小時你才能掌握英語。Only with all your time and energy can you do the job well.只有用上你全部的時間和精力你才能把這項工作做好。Only when I came back was I informed of the news.直到我回來，我才被通知這個消息。Only if I get a job will I have enough money to go to college.我只有找到了工作才有足夠的錢上大學(xué)。提示：(1)在部分倒裝句中，如果謂語部分無助動詞，則須找助動詞來“幫助”它構(gòu)成倒裝句。如：Only after the war learned he the sad news.Only after the war did he learn the sad news.(2)only 修飾狀語從句時，從句不可倒裝。如：Only when did he return did we find out the truth.Only when he returned did we find out the truth.(3)only修飾主語時，句子不可倒裝。如：Only can he answer the question.Only he can answer the question.即境活用1(xx江蘇)_ you eat the correct food _ be able to keep fit and stay healthy.AOnly if; will youBOnly if; you willCUnless; will you DUnless; you will解析：“onlyif從句”放于句首，主句用部分倒裝。答案：A2I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次給旅行團(tuán)作講解時，我的感覺很不好。the first time 相當(dāng)于連詞，引導(dǎo)一個狀語從句，意為“第一次”。這類特殊短語還有：(1)each time, every time, next time, last time, any time 等也可以做連詞用，表示“無論何時”“每當(dāng)”“每次”等，引導(dǎo)一個時間狀語從句。Every time we e to Beijing, we go to visit the Forbidden City. 每次我們?nèi)ケ本覀兌既⒂^故宮。I didnt have any penny last time I saw you.上次我看見你時，我身無分文。(2)immediately, directly, instantly 可活用為連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，表示“一就”，相當(dāng)于 as soon as。The young man rushed out of the hall immediately he heard the sound.那個年輕人一聽到聲響就沖出了大廳。(3)the moment, the minute, the second, the instant 等名詞短語也可用做連詞，也相當(dāng)于 as soon as，表示“一就”。The moment Professor Wang appeared on the platform, the audience all stood up and clapped warmly.王教授一出現(xiàn)在講臺上，聽眾就站起來熱烈鼓掌。 (4)the morning/afternoon/evening, the night, the day, the week, the year, the spring/summer/autumn/winter 等一些表示時間段的名詞短語也可以引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。The morning Mr Smith was walking along the lake, he met an old friend.那天早晨史密斯先生在湖邊散步時遇到了一位老朋友。即境活用2_I toured Zhangjiajie, I was deeply impressed with its beautiful scenery.AFor the first time BAt firstCIt was the first time DThe first time解析：the first time 用做連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。答案：D 易 錯 點 撥自我完善誤區(qū)備考1. reward/award/prize(1)reward 指對某人的服務(wù)或工作等的報答，也指因幫助警察抓住罪犯或幫助失主找到東西而得到的獎金、酬金。(2)award 指為鼓勵在工作中達(dá)到或完成所提出的要求或條件的人而進(jìn)行的獎勵，往往強(qiáng)調(diào)榮譽而不在乎獎品的多少。(3)prize多指在各類競賽、競爭或抽獎中所贏得的“獎，獎品”。應(yīng)用1(1)She received a medal as a _ for her courage.她得到一枚獎?wù)?，作為對她勇敢的獎賞。(2)A _ was given to the person who had the winning number.獎品給了那個獲得中獎號碼的人。(3)He won the _ for the best student of the year.他獲得本xx優(yōu)秀學(xué)生獎。rewardprizeaward 2. 名詞短語或副詞做連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句應(yīng)用2(1)Betty shows great interest in this poem now, but she thought it boring _ she read it.Aat the first time Bthe first timeCfor the first time Dat first答案：B解析：the first time“第一次時”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。(2)My sister came _ she got my short message.Aexactly BespeciallyCdirectly Dsimply答案：C解析：directlyas soon as“一就”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。(3)He left Europe _ World War broke out.Athe year Bin the yearCduring the year Dfor the year答案：A解析：the year“在這一年”，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。高 效 作 業(yè)自我測評技能備考.單詞拼寫1He was made _(董事長) of the club.2He is the sort of man to be trusted because he always lives up to his _ (原則)3His effort was _ (回報) with great success.4Most children in cities are better _ (教育) than those in the countryside.5He was _ (判刑) to death.presidentprinciplerewardededucatedsentenced 6She cried in t_ when she saw a snake.7Black people are born e_ to the whites so they should share the same rights as them.8This pany is more concerned with q_ than with quantity.9He is s_ and he is always thinking of himself.10In my o_， we should put off the sports meeting.terrorequalqualityselfishopinion .單項選擇1As _ matter of fact, _ beauty of _ nature there made an excellent impression on me.Aa; the; /Ba; the; theCthe; the; / Da; /; the答案：A解析：考查冠詞。as a matter of fact 實際上，事實上；nature 指“大自然”，不用冠詞。2The police _ roadblocks on routes out of the city to prevent the criminal from escaping.Aset up Bset backCset down Dset aside答案：A解析：set up “建立，設(shè)立”合題意。set back 阻礙；set down 寫下，記下；set aside 留下。3(xx臨川一中)Although _ my opinion, the old professor didnt e up with his own.Ain BagainstCfor Don答案：B解析：考查介詞用法。語意：雖然老教授反對我的觀點，但是他也沒有提出自己的觀點。前半句是“Although he was against my opinion”的省略結(jié)構(gòu)。4Did you give the book to him?Yes. I gave it to him _ I saw him.Aonce Bthe momentCwhile Dsuddenly答案：B解析：the moment 用做連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，意為“一就”。5They agreed to the plan _， but there were some details they didnt like.Ain danger Bin peaceCin principle Din mon答案：C解析：考查介詞短語。in principle“原則上，大體上”合題意。in danger 危險； in peace 和平；in mon 和一樣。6Courage is one of the best _ of a good soldier.Aquality BquantityCqualification Dfeature答案：A解析：指“品質(zhì)”用 quality。B.數(shù)量；C.資格；D.特色，特征。7Mr Read made up his mind to devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children.Aset up Bhave set upCsetting up Dhaving set up答案：C解析：句中的 all后面的 he had為定語從句，此題考查動詞短語 devote.to 的用法。to為介詞，排除A、B兩項。set up schools的動作并未發(fā)生，排除D項。8Fitness is important in sport, but of at least _ importance are skills.Afair BreasonableCequal Dproper答案：C解析：be of equal importance 具有同等的重要性。9You were lucky to escape _.Apunished Bfrom punishingCbeing punished Dfrom being punished答案：C解析：escape being punishedescape punishment 逃過受罰。10(xx宜昌模擬) It is said that the police have offered a large _ for information leading to the robbers arrest.Aaward BprizeCreward Dwelfare答案：C解析：指“獎賞、酬金”用 reward。11In xx, 3.88 million students graduated from colleges and universities, _ 20% increase from xx, some of whom remain out of _work.A/; / Ba; /Ca; the Dthe; /答案：B解析：第一空表示“一個20%的增長率”用a；第二空 out of work “失業(yè)”。12When _ great trouble, you should learn to make the quick choice without someone to turn _ for advice.Ain; down Bin; toCinto; up Dunder; to答案：B解析：考查固定搭配。 in trouble處在困難中；turn to sb. for sth. 向某人請求某物/事。13Only _ as an interpreter _ how important it was to practise speaking English.Awhen I worked; I realizedBwhen did I work; did I realizeCwhen I work; did I realizeDwhen I worked; did I realize答案：D解析：當(dāng)only出現(xiàn)在句首修飾時間狀語從句時，主句應(yīng)使用部分倒裝。14. The old man told us not to remain _ there was danger.Ain which Bthe place whereCat the place Dwhere答案：D解析：考查 where 引導(dǎo)的地點狀語從句，此時不能換成 in which，相當(dāng)于 at the place where/in which。15_， and Charles felt hopeless.ASentenced to deathBAs he was sentenced to deathCSentencing to deathDHe was sentenced to death答案：D解析：考查句式用法。由于有連詞 and，故選D。 .完形填空When I was young, I really doubted whether there was love between my parents. Every day they were busy earning money so that they could _1_ the high tuition my brother and I needed. They didnt _2_ in the romantic ways that I read in books or saw on TV.One day, Mom was sewing a quilt(被子). I _3_sat down beside her. “Mom, I have a _4_ here，” I said after a while. “Is there love between you and Dad？” I asked her in a very _5_ voice.Mom stopped her work and raised her head with _6_ in her eyes. She didnt answer immediately. She bent her head and continued to sew the quilt. I was _7_ if I had hurt her. I was in great embarrassment and I was at a loss what to do. But at last she said, very _8_ , “Susan, look at this _9_. Sometimes it appears, but most of it disappears in the quilt. The thread really makes the quilt strong and lasting. If _10_ is a quilt, then love should be a thread. It can hardly be seen, but its really there. _11_ is inside.” I listened carefully but I couldnt understand her until years later.One day, Dad accidentally got_12_ while on duty. Ever since then he could no longer_13_ properly. Every morning and dusk Mom would help Dad walk slowly on the country road. Along the country road, there were beautiful flowers, green grass and trees. The leaves were gently glistening _14_ the sun shining upon them. All of these made up the most beautiful _15_ in the world. “Dad, how are you feeling now？” I asked him one day. “Susan, dont worry about me，” he said gently. “I just like walking with your mom. I like this kind of life.” Looking into his eyes, I_16_ what they meant.The doctor had said Dad would _17_in two months. But that day never came. He _18_ away in peace. _19_ I thought love meant flowers, gifts and sweet kisses. But from this _20_ , I understand that love is just a thread in the quilt of our life, which makes life strong and warm.1A.afford BcostCspend Doffer2A.go BliveCact Dwalk3A.happily BsilentlyCsecretly Dnervously4A.request BproblemCmessage Dquestion5A.loud BlightClow Dclear6A.surprise BangerCstress Dhorror7A.amazed BconfusedCshocked Dashamed8A.quickly BexcitedlyCbitterly Dgently9A.quilt BneedleCthread Dsewing10A.belief BworkCexperience Dlife11A.Warmth BThreadCCotton DLove12A.tired BdrunkCill Dinjured13A.talk BwalkCwork Dthink14A.with BasCfor Dby15A.signs BsymbolsCpictures Dreflections16A.read BdoubtedCtranslated Drecognized17A.retire BrecoverCregain Dremove18A.passed BescapedCfaded Dturned19A.Again BOnceCThen DLater20A.lesson BaccountCexperience Daccident答案及解析：1. A。句意為：“他們忙著掙錢，以便能夠支付我和我的弟弟需要的高昂學(xué)費?！盿fford和can/could 連用表示“付得起錢或抽得出時間”。2C。句意為：“他們沒有按照我在書中讀到的或在電視中看到的浪漫的方式做事。act做事，行事。3. B。由于作者有一個嚴(yán)肅的問題想問母親，所以她靜靜地坐在母親旁邊。4. D。從后文的問句可知答案從B或D中選擇。考查question和problem的區(qū)別。對于讓對方回答的問題要用question。5. C。 由于這個問題很嚴(yán)肅，所以作者只能用低低的聲音問。6. A。作者的母親沒有想到作者會問這樣的一個問題，所以剛聽到的時候母親眼中充滿了驚奇。7. B。從后句中的“我很尷尬和我不知道要做什么”，我們可以知道作者不知道自己是否傷害了母親，所以該空用confused表示“困惑的，不清楚的”。8. D。過了一會兒，母親語氣柔和地說道。在這樣一個充滿溫情的情景中，說話的聲音自然是很輕很柔和的。9. C。根據(jù)語境知道是指線，有時露出被子，有時隱藏在被子中。10. D。后文的句子I just like walking with your mom. I like this kind of life.暗示答案用life，作者把生活比喻為被子。11. D。文章講的是父母之間是否有愛，所以用love。愛是內(nèi)在的，是用實際行動來灌溉的。12. D。get injured 受傷。13. B。由下文中的help Dad walk slowly on the country road可知父親受傷后不能正常地到處行走。14. A。考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在該句中用with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)表示伴隨。15. C。落葉和母親攙扶父親行走的畫面構(gòu)成了世界上最美麗的圖畫。16. A。read可以做“理解，讀懂”，如：read ones thought等。17. B。recover受傷后的恢復(fù)健康。18. A。從前句中的but可知父親沒有恢復(fù)健康，而是平靜地離開了人世。pass away去世。19. B。過去作者認(rèn)為愛意味著鮮花等，但是現(xiàn)在作者理解了愛的真正含義，所以答案為B。20. C。從這次經(jīng)歷中作者明白了愛的真正含義。.短文改錯Last Sunday I saw the worst storm in years. It camesudden and went on for over three hours. After lunch, I 1._went into my room to have a rest. The air was hotter, and 2._all is quiet. Then a strong wind started to blow into my 3._room. Pieces of paper on my desk flew high into the air 4._