第3板塊命題規(guī)律短文改錯的語言材料通常取自于學(xué)生的習(xí)作，以記敘文為主，主要考查學(xué)生在語篇中準(zhǔn)確運用英語知識的能力。1錯誤類型相對穩(wěn)定。全國三套卷的設(shè)題中，錯詞均為8個，多詞1個和缺詞1個。(需要注意的是，有時從句引導(dǎo)詞錯誤既可按錯一詞修改也可按缺一詞修改，如果按缺一詞修改，則缺詞為2個，錯詞為7個。)2考查內(nèi)容覆蓋面廣。動詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞、代詞、冠詞、介詞、連詞及行文邏輯是考查的重點。3三年考點穩(wěn)中有變。如2020年全國卷首考了連詞and的多用，2019年全國卷首考了there be結(jié)構(gòu)中there與they的誤用，2018年全國卷首考了名詞普通格與所有格的誤用。命題趨勢1預(yù)計2021年高考短文改錯仍將以記敘文為主，題材和難易度都會保持相對穩(wěn)定，話題貼近學(xué)生生活，內(nèi)容積極向上，反映核心價值觀。2以詞法考查為重點，其次會考查句法及行文邏輯。3備考時要注意近三年高考未考到的知識點，像情態(tài)動詞、虛擬語氣中的謂語動詞、強調(diào)句型中that的用法、倒裝句中助動詞的用法等。短文改錯解題三步驟第一步：從語篇入手，理解大意，著眼時態(tài)短文改錯取材于考生作文，在時態(tài)上常用一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。有些句子中謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)本身并沒有錯誤，只有立足于上下文才能發(fā)現(xiàn)其中的錯誤。因此，在理解短文大意之后就應(yīng)該逐句排查每句的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。第二步：從句子入手，逐句分析，推敲語法解決語法類錯誤的關(guān)鍵是要熟知短文改錯的出題點，對實詞和虛詞的考查角度了如指掌。如動詞類錯誤一般有三個左右，第一步應(yīng)從時態(tài)、語態(tài)角度進行排查，這時就需要考慮非謂語動詞、主謂一致和情態(tài)動詞；名詞的數(shù)、形容詞與副詞的混用、冠詞的用法、介詞搭配等問題幾乎每年都要考到，因此我們做題時要做到心中有數(shù)。第三步：從行文邏輯入手，兼顧上下，審查連代通過前兩步仍然有做不出來的，就應(yīng)該重讀短文，看看是否存在連詞錯誤、指代是否一致、是否符合行文邏輯等。A篇 (2020·全國卷)Today I tried cooking a simply dish myself.I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs，and I thought it must to be easy to cook.My mom told me how to preparing it.First I cut the tomatoes into pieces but put them aside.Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick.After that I poured oil into a pan and turned off the stove.I waited patiently unless the oil was hot.Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together.“Not that way，”my mom tried to stop us but failed.She was right.It didn't turn out as I had wished.【答案】Today I tried cooking a dish myself.I like eating tomatoes with eggs，and I thought it must be easy to cook.My mom told me how to it.First I cut the tomatoes into pieces put them aside.Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with .After that I poured oil into a pan and turned the stove.I waited patiently the oil was hot.Then I put the tomatoes and the beaten eggs into pan together.“Not that way，”my mom tried to stop but failed.She was right.It didn't turn out as I had wished.B篇 (2020·全國卷)Thank you for your letter，what really made me happy.I'm glad to know that you've come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.I'm surely you'll have a good time.Actually，I start to learn kung fu when I was seven years old，for I have long been out of practice.Luckily，I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.Then I can spare some time to learn it again，such that we can practice together on every day.Best of luck with yours learning kung fu in China.See you sooner.【答案】Thank you for your letter, really made me happy.I'm glad to know that you've come China to learn kung fu in a school in my hometown.I'm you'll have a good time.Actually，I to learn kung fu when I was seven years old， I have long been out of practice.Luckily，I will go home in two weeks for summer .Then I can spare some time to learn it again， that we can practice together every day.Best of luck with learning kung fu in China.See you .C篇 (2019·全國卷)Since I was a kid，I've considered different job I would like to do.First，I wanted to be a fireman，whose uniform looked so coolly.Then，when I was in the five grade，I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher too much.When I studied chemistry high school，I reconsidered my goal or decided to be a doctor.They were two reasons for the decision.One was that I was amazing at the fact that a sick person could feel much more better after seeing a doctor.And the other is that I wanted to help people in need.【答案】Since I was a kid，I've considered different I would like to do.First，I wanted to be a fireman，whose uniform looked so .Then，when I was in the grade，I wanted to be a teacher because I liked my English teacher much.When I studied chemistry high school，I reconsidered my goal decided to be a doctor. were two reasons for the decision.One was that I was at the fact that a sick person could feel much better after seeing a doctor.And the other that I wanted to help people in need.D篇 (2019·全國卷)I've had many dreams since I was a child.Now my dream is to opens a cafe.Though it may appear simple, it required a lot of ideas and efforts.What I want is not just an ordinarily cafe but a very special one.I want my cafe have a special theme such as like “Tang Dynasty”In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment what is created for them.If I succeed in manage one, I will open more.I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different city.Each of my cafes will have a different theme and an unique style.【答案】I've had many dreams since I was a child.Now my dream is to a cafe.Though it may appear simple, it a lot of ideas and efforts.What I want is not just an cafe but a very special one.I want my cafe have a special theme such as “Tang Dynasty”In the cafe, customers will enjoy in the historical environment is created for them.If I succeed in one, I will open more.I wish to have a chain of cafes in many different .Each of my cafes will have a different theme and unique style.E篇 (2018·全國卷)During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I find a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals. Last winter when I went here again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken. They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish. I felt happily that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return for every two years, but he agreed.【答案】During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents. I a big change there. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and animals. Last winter when I went again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of . They also had a small pond they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by the fish. I felt that their life had improved. At the end of our trip, I told my father that I planned to return every two years, he agreed.F篇 (2018·全國卷)It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just begin. Everyone was silent, wait to see who would be called upon to read his and her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious. I had done myself homework, but I was shy. I was afraid that to speak in front of a larger group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.” Immediate, I raised my hand.【答案】It was Monday morning, and the writing class had just . Everyone was silent, to see who would be called upon to read his her paragraph aloud. Some of us were confident and eager take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious. I had done homework, but I was shy. I was afraid to speak in front of a group of people. At that moment, I remembered that my father once said, “The classroom is a place for learning and that learning from textbooks, and as well.” ， I raised my hand.真題例釋(2020·全國卷)My mom is really concerning with the health of everyone in our families.In order to make surely all of us are in good health，and she makes specific plans for us.For example，every morning，my dad has to have the bowl of egg soup while I had to eat an apple.My dad don't like the soup and I don't enjoy apples.I tell my mom that if we're forced eat things，we may become ill.But he insists on us eating healthy food.Understanding her good intentions，I eat all the food what is provided by Mom with appreciation.【答案】My mom is really with the health of everyone in our .In order to make all of us are in good health， she makes specific plans for us.For example，every morning，my dad has to have bowl of egg soup while I to eat an apple.My dad like the soup and I don't enjoy apples.I tell my mom that if we're forced eat things，we may become ill.But insists on us eating healthy food.Understanding her good intentions，I eat all the food is provided by Mom with appreciation.1concerningconcerned。詞法錯誤。此處表示主語(My mom)的狀態(tài)，應(yīng)使用­ed形容詞，表示“關(guān)心的，關(guān)切的”。2familiesfamily。詞法錯誤。family表示整體時，多作單數(shù)看待；指多個家庭成員時，多作復(fù)數(shù)看待。此處指我和父母的家，故看作一個整體。3surelysure。詞法錯誤。make sure為固定搭配，表示“確?！?。4去掉逗號后的and。句法錯誤。逗號前為目的狀語，逗號后為主句，兩者之間不需要連詞and連接。5bowl前的thea。詞法錯誤。這里泛指“一碗雞蛋湯”，故用不定冠詞。6hadhave。句法錯誤。全文中心時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時。7My dad后的don'tdoesn't。句法錯誤。主語My dad為第三人稱單數(shù)，此處應(yīng)用doesn't。8eat前加to。句法錯誤。be forced to do sth.“被迫做某事”。9heshe。行文邏輯錯誤。此處指代my mom，故用she。10whatthat。句法錯誤。定語從句的先行詞被all等詞修飾時，引導(dǎo)詞用that。類型一詞法錯誤1(2018·全國卷) As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons.thea 2(2020·深圳市統(tǒng)一測試)One evening after work, I found a beautiful little fox with a injured leg.第二個aan3(2020·華南師大附中模擬)We plan to stay here in Montreal for few days and then travel to the north.few前加a4(2020·六盤山市模擬)One morning when I was in primary school, I tried cooking for first time.first前加the5(2020·河南省實驗中學(xué)模擬)One morning, I went to school by a bicycle as usual.去掉a6(2020·龍巖市質(zhì)檢)I think friends are those people who can help you when you are in the trouble.去掉the冠詞錯誤主要有四種情況：不定冠詞a與an錯用：元音音素前用an，輔音音素前用a。不定冠詞與定冠詞錯用：泛指用不定冠詞，特指用定冠詞。冠詞的缺失：可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)前缺少不定冠詞或定冠詞。冠詞的多余：不可數(shù)名詞或表泛指的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)前有多余的定冠詞。特別提示：注意固定搭配中的冠詞。1(2018·全國卷) After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.sortsorts2(2018·全國卷)When I was little, Friday's night was our family game night.Friday'sFriday3(2017·全國卷)In the summer holiday following my eighteen birthday, I took driving lessons.eighteeneighteenth4(2017·全國卷)Besides, they often get some useful informations from the Internet.informationsinformation5(2020·大同市模擬)Recently I found a couple of donation box in my living community.boxboxes6(2020·惠州市調(diào)研考試)I used to pay little attention to the important of breakfast.importantimportance7(2020·陜西省質(zhì)檢)Growing up in Jamaica, Luis didn't know about basketball until he arrived in the US at the age of twelfth.twelfthtwelve8(2020·華南師大附中)This is our first trip to America and the friendly of the people is amazing.friendlyfriendliness1名詞錯誤主要有三種情況：名詞數(shù)的錯用：該用單數(shù)時錯用復(fù)數(shù)或相反情況；誤把不可數(shù)名詞用作復(fù)數(shù)。詞性的錯用：該用所有格時錯用普通格或相反情況。該用名詞時錯用動詞或形容詞。2數(shù)詞錯誤有兩種情況：該用序數(shù)詞時錯用基數(shù)詞或相反情況；該用復(fù)數(shù)時錯用單數(shù)或相反情況。1(2020·華南師大附中模擬)Now I am writing to tell you anything detailed about it.anythingsomething2(2020·惠州市調(diào)研考試)Therefore, it is necessary for we students to start our day with a regular breakfast.weus3(2020·云南師大附中模擬)Many people like him for kindness, courage and magical power.for后加his4(2020·西安市模擬)There are many students at the basketball court and I can play with them and improve me.memyself5(2020·廣西名校模擬)I would appreciate if you could take me into consideration.appreciate后加it6(2020·銀川一中模擬)The image shows our great expect of the Games and that our Chinese welcome the world.第二個ourwe代詞錯誤主要有四種情況：人稱代詞主格和賓格、人稱代詞與物主代詞、人稱代詞與反身代詞的錯用。人稱代詞和物主代詞的缺失。不定代詞錯用。it的缺失或多余。1(2017·全國卷)It was a relief and I came to a sudden stop just in the middle on the road.onof 2(2017·全國卷)They have also bought for some gardening tools.去掉for3(2017·全國卷)When I look at this picture of myself, I realize of how fast time flies.去掉第二個of4(2020·沈陽市模擬)All the money collected will go to the students on need to help with their studies.onin5(2020·咸陽市模擬)During my summer vacation last year, I participated some social activities.participated后加in6(2020·廣西名校模擬)The quality of your relationship with the other group members is the key of the success of the group.第一個ofto介詞錯誤主要有三種情況：介詞的錯用：應(yīng)注意介詞的基本用法以及介詞與動詞、名詞、形容詞構(gòu)成的搭配。介詞的多余：及物動詞后不能再加介詞。介詞的缺失：不及物動詞后跟賓語時需加介詞。特別提示：需特別注意固定搭配中的介詞。1(2017·全國卷)A few minutes late, the instructor asked me to stop the car.latelater2(2017·全國卷)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together.earlierearly3(2020·合肥市質(zhì)檢)That is because I believe it can make me happily and free.happilyhappy4(2020·廣西名校模擬)The aim of group work is to produce much more better presentations.去掉more5(2020·哈爾濱市第六中學(xué)模擬)They said it was so a beautiful day that they would remember it forever.sosuch6(2020·漢中市質(zhì)檢)In order to do good in the work, my teammates and I made full preparations.goodwell7(2020·晉城市模擬)During the ride he introduced himself to us and we had a very interested conversation.interestedinteresting8(2020·西安中學(xué)模擬)However, the other students choose universities far away from home so that they can be more independence.independenceindependent形容詞、副詞錯誤主要有四種情況：形容詞或副詞之間的錯用：由于詞形或詞義的接近而引起的錯誤；v.­ing形容詞與v.­ed形容詞的錯用。比較等級的錯用：除了原級、比較級、最高級相互之間的錯用，還要注意比較級的重復(fù)。形容詞與副詞錯用：作定語、表語時應(yīng)用形容詞，作狀語時一般用副詞(伴隨狀語用形容詞)。形容詞與名詞的錯用：該用形容詞時錯用名詞。類型二句法錯誤1(2017·全國卷)I had grown not only physically, but also mentally in the past few years.hadhave2(2020·龍巖市質(zhì)檢)Don't forget the saying, “A friend in need was a friend indeed.” wasis3(2020·合肥市質(zhì)檢)I have been decided to become a pilot since I was a little kid.去掉been4(2020·廣州市調(diào)研測試)Last week, I quarrel with my parents about spending too much time on my cell phone.quarrelquarreled5(2020·長郡中學(xué)模擬)An English party will be holding in the school hall at seven o'clock in the evening on November 12.holdingheld6(2020·衡水市模擬)But having known that fishing was forbade there, I went up to stop them.forbadeforbidden時態(tài)、語態(tài)錯誤主要有三種情況：混淆時態(tài)、語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式；未能依據(jù)時間狀語判定適當(dāng)?shù)臅r態(tài)；未能依據(jù)前后的邏輯關(guān)系判定適當(dāng)?shù)臅r態(tài)。1(2020·邢臺市模擬)Every year, there is a carnival holding in London in August.holdingheld2(2020·佛山市質(zhì)檢)As a typical student of Senior 3, I devote most time to learn each day.learnlearning3(2020·福州市質(zhì)檢)Only three years ago, I was terrifying of walking or skating on ice.terrifyingterrified4(2020·西寧市模擬)After supper, Li Hua came and asked me go and see a film with him.me后加to5(2020·亳州市質(zhì)檢)Hear the news that the 2022 Winter Olympic would be held in China, I felt very excited.HearHearing6(2020·廣西名校模擬)Therefore, it is important to spending time getting to know your colleague.spendingspend7(2020·重慶一中模擬)The real moment began as I stood on the platform with my legs trembled and my mind blank.trembledtrembling8(2020·合肥市質(zhì)檢)To make my dream come true, I have to be physically fit by keeping a healthy diet and work out regularly.workworking非謂語動詞錯誤主要有三種情況：非謂語動詞錯用：應(yīng)根據(jù)非謂語動詞的功能及所作成分來判斷用哪種非謂語動詞。一般來說，不定式表示尚未發(fā)生，動詞­ing形式表示主動進行，過去分詞表示被動完成。介詞后一般用動詞­ing形式，需特別注意to是介詞還是不定式符號。誤將非謂語動詞用作謂語動詞或相反情況。1(2018·全國卷)As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not to let me.去掉let前的to2(2020·廣西名校模擬)One difficulty with group work is that you can't worked as quickly as you can by yourself.workedwork3(2020·大連市雙基測試)I recommend you could choose a method and stick to it.couldshould或去掉could4(2020·成都市模擬)If I have paid more attention then, I wouldn't have made such a stupid mistake.第一個havehad5(2020·重慶市一中模擬)So it is important that we must learn efficiently and develop a well habit.mustshould6(2020·合肥市模擬)If only they have gone to the right house on the other side of the street.havehad情態(tài)動詞和虛擬語氣錯誤主要有兩種情況：情態(tài)動詞的錯用：應(yīng)熟記情態(tài)動詞的基本含義及用法，例如其后跟動詞原形、不能單獨作謂語等。虛擬語氣中動詞的形式受時態(tài)的影響而導(dǎo)致錯用，應(yīng)熟記不同句式中虛擬語氣的不同用法。1(2020·珠海市質(zhì)檢)I hope that you can share me some ways that was used in the preparation.waswere2(2020·皖江名校聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考)Now I'm not homeless anymore, and thinking of that really brighten my day.brightenbrightens3(2020·泉州市質(zhì)檢)There is several reasons why I might be the right person for the job.isare4(2020·南陽市一中模擬)On Saturday morning, I, together with my grandparents, were searching the Internet for the train schedule, the weather in Beidaihe, and some hotel information.werewas5(2020·桂林市聯(lián)合調(diào)研考試)Every year a lot of efforts are made and much money are spent researching and protecting it.第二個areis6(2020·開封市模擬)Keeping a good habit are very important, but I am a little lazy and find it hard to keep a good habit.areis主謂不一致錯誤主要有三種情況：語法的錯用：應(yīng)注意復(fù)數(shù)名詞后的動詞未必用復(fù)數(shù)，應(yīng)找準(zhǔn)句子的主語。意義的錯用：例如family表達不同的意思單復(fù)數(shù)不同。忽視就近、就遠(yuǎn)原則。1(2017·全國卷)Before getting into the car, I thought I had learned the instructor's orders, so once I started the car, my mind went blank.sobut/yet2(2017·全國卷)I have grown not only physically, and also mentally in the past few years.andbut3(2020·合肥市質(zhì)檢)Each time I see a plane flying across the sky, I feel extremely excited but want to fly it.butand4(2020·華南師大附中模擬)Without many cars, I realized the city looked so clean but beautiful.butand5(2020·張家口市模擬)Although the kite fell to the ground again and again, but I finally got the hang of it and flew it high in the sky.去掉but6(2020·漢中市質(zhì)檢)I believe that I will get lifelong benefits from the short and meaningful experience.andbut7(2020·重慶一中模擬)Overcome it, or you will be able to achieve your goals.orand8(2020·亳州市質(zhì)檢)I was about to give up while my father came to my assistance.whilewhen并列連詞錯誤主要有三種情況：混淆并列、選擇、轉(zhuǎn)折等邏輯關(guān)系。受漢語影響而引起的連詞的多余，英語中although/though不能與but連用，because不能與so 連用。注意?？季涫絙e doing/be about to do .when .中when的應(yīng)用；“祈使句and/or陳述句”中and/or的應(yīng)用。1(2018·全國卷)The games my parents taught me where I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.wherewhen2(2017·全國卷)In their spare time, they are interested in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.thatwhich3(2020·南充市模擬)You are the most considerate person who knows exactly that I need.thatwhat4(2020·石家莊市模擬)Yesterday our club held an English speech contest, which theme is “Challenge Myself”whichwhose5(2020·福州市質(zhì)檢)My skating teacher was great and after I knew it, I was able to skate！afterbefore6(2020·河南省實驗中學(xué)模擬)It has become one of the most popular travel destinations in the world, where millions of tourists visit every year.wherewhich7(2020·漢中市質(zhì)檢)Besides, I also realize that how important teamwork is.去掉that8(2020·合肥二中模擬)Obviously, it was just an excuse he made to cover the fact which he hadn't done his homework.whichthat復(fù)合句錯誤主要有三種情況：狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞錯誤或重復(fù)。定語從句關(guān)系詞的錯用或缺失。名詞性從句中連接詞的錯用或重復(fù)。特別關(guān)注：what與that，that與which，where與that的辨析。類型三行文邏輯錯誤1(2018·全國卷)I didn't realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.arewere2(2020·樂山市模擬)I was reading an article in a newspaper when I came across a word I don't know.don'tdidn't3(2020·綿陽市模擬)What's more, I even earned money by selling stamps and my collection will be more valuable as time goes by.earnedearn4(2020·長沙市模擬)While picking the tea, he received the news of his mother's illness, so he carefully puts the leaves in his sleeves and left Hangzhou for Beijing.putsput5(2020·南陽市模擬)In the afternoon, I hurriedly went to the train station and manage to buy two tickets although there was a long queue.managemanaged時態(tài)不一致錯誤主要有三種情況：前后句中的時態(tài)不一致。并列句中的時態(tài)不一致。主從句的時態(tài)不一致。1(2020·佛山市模擬)Many people have become the big stars since we shared videos on TikTok.wethey2(2020·福建省質(zhì)檢)I was proud of myself when he helped a young boy to ride a horse for the first time.heI3(2020·安徽省名校模擬)Although I'm interested in watching TV, we manage to finish my homework first.weI4(2020·湖南省五市十校聯(lián)考)The shows were so wonderful that we all enjoyed it very much.itthem5(2020·池州市模擬)Most of the students like to study in the library, mainly because the atmosphere in them is suitable for learning.themit6(2020·貴陽市模擬)Unfortunately his father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent her childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother.herhis指代不一致錯誤主要有三種情況：人稱不一致。單復(fù)數(shù)不一致。性別不一致。1(2020·鄭州市質(zhì)量預(yù)測)The first foreign language I never learnt was French, but it didn't go very well.neverever2(2020·南充市模擬)With your help, I would have failed in the examination.WithWithout3