Unit 4 Pygmalion.閱讀理解Weighing too much can damage your health，and obesity is a growing problem for both kids and adults around the world.Sleep might be one answer to the problem.A new study has found that elementary school students who slept too little were more likely to gain pounds.Past studies have shown a link between sleeping less and weighing more，but scientists have had a tough time determining“which_came_first，the_chicken_or_the_egg，”says Julie CLumeng of the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor.In other words，it hasn't been clear whether kids who weigh too much have trouble sleeping，or whether sleeping less leads to weight gain.Both scenarios(可能出現(xiàn)的情況) seemed equally possible.To get a better idea of which causes which，Lumeng and her colleagues interviewed the parents of 785 third graders from around the United States.The parents answered questions about how well their kids slept that year.Three years later，the parents answered the same questions.By sixth grade,18 percent of kids involved in the study were obese.The scientists found no relationship between weight and the students' race or gender.It also didn't matter how strict their parents were，or whether they were boys or girls.Obesity struck all of these groups equally.Instead，sleep seemed to be the key factor.Over the 3 years of the study，the children averaged a healthy 9.5 hours of sleep a night.Some kids，however，slept a lot moreor lessthan others.For the sixth graders，every hour of sleep above the 9.5hour averagewas linked to a 20 percent lower risk of being obese.Sleep appeared doubly important for the third graders.Every extra hour of sleep they got was linked to a 40 percent drop in obesity.1What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 imply?AScientists have found the exact causes of children's obesity.BThere is always something difficult to understand through theory.CThe cause­effect relationship between weight and sleep isn't clear.DA person's weight has something to do with the amount of his sleep.2What did the interview find out?A9.5 hours of sleep a night is enough for children.BThe more a child sleeps，the healthier he will be.CSix graders need much more sleep than third graders.DOne's race or gender has nothing to do with his weight.3How does the author develop the passage?ABy listing figures.BBy comparing different opinions.CBy providing examples.DBy conducting a survey.4What is the suitable title for the passage?AThe benefits of enough sleep for childrenBSleeping less increases the risk of obesityCWhich comes first，little sleep or obesity?DHow many hours of sleep do children need?答案：解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)本文是說明文。一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，睡眠過少的小學(xué)生更容易發(fā)胖。1C解析：句意理解題。畫線句表示的字面意思是“先有雞還是先有蛋”，結(jié)合上下文的內(nèi)容可知，文章引用這句話是為了表明“是睡眠少導(dǎo)致了肥胖還是肥胖導(dǎo)致了睡眠變少”這個(gè)問題還沒有定論。下文的“In other words, it hasn't been clear whether kids who weigh too much have trouble sleeping, or whether sleeping less leads to weight gain. Both scenarios(可能出現(xiàn)的情況) seemed equally possible”是解題的關(guān)鍵提示信息。2D解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“The scientists found no relationship between weight and the students' race or gender”可知選D項(xiàng)。3A解析：寫作手法題。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)研究，并列舉了很多同該研究相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)，故選A項(xiàng)。4B解析：標(biāo)題判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容尤其是第一段中的“A new study has found that elementary school students who slept too little were more likely to gain pounds”可知，本文主要介紹了一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，睡眠少會(huì)增加肥胖的概率。故B項(xiàng)作文章標(biāo)題最佳。.閱讀填空2017·安徽合肥二檢Everybody knows the importance of drinking enough water.As we all know，drinking water benefits your skin，muscles and organs._1_The main reason for that is related to human biological needs.When you're a baby，you're 75 percent water.Then，as the years get higher，you get drier._2_ It helps you lose weight，according to a study from the University of Birmingham.The researchers found that drinking 500ml of water thirty minutes before a meal helped participants lose 10 more pounds than those who did not._3_ All participants were advised to improve their diet and physical activity levels.84 overweight adults were involved.Among them 41 were told to “preload” with water，while 43 were told to control their water intake before eating.After 12 weeks，the participants instructed to “preload” with water lost 2.87 pounds more than those in the control group on average.In addition，the participants preloading with water before each of their three main meals every day lost 9.48 pounds over the 12 weeks._4_Dr.Helen Parretti，a lecturer at the University of Birmingham，had this to say of the study：_5_ Just drinking 500ml of water，three times a day，before your main meals may help reduce your weight.and this could be an easy way for weight loss.Furthermore，it can be significant for an individual to lose extra weight，making a potential contribution to public health.AAnother reason to drink water is right here.BThe study began with a weight management consultation.CThe beauty of these findings is that losing weight is simple.DBut not everyone can get access to tap water in some areas.EIt also helps prevent certain diseases and improve your mood.FIn contrast，those preloading once a day or never，lost just 1.76 pounds.GSo kids should drink more water instead of coke to keep healthy.答案：解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)我們都知道喝水的重要性，但是你知道喝水也能減肥嗎？1E解析：第一段闡明喝水的重要性；下一段第一句則說喝水是人類的生理需要。由此可知，設(shè)空處仍然是講喝水的好處。E項(xiàng)意為“喝水還能有助于防止某些疾病并能改善心情。”符合語(yǔ)境。2A解析：上文提出喝水對(duì)皮膚、肌肉和器官有好處，還有助于預(yù)防疾病和改善心情；下文中則提出了喝水有助于減肥，這是另一個(gè)好處。故選A項(xiàng)。3B解析：上文提出研究者的發(fā)現(xiàn)，然后是一些具體的研究過程，此處起著承上啟下的作用，B項(xiàng)中的the study與上文的study與The researchers對(duì)應(yīng)，而其中的控制體重與下文中的實(shí)驗(yàn)過程相關(guān)。故選B項(xiàng)。4F解析：本段主要介紹喝水減肥的實(shí)驗(yàn)過程及結(jié)果?？崭袂爸v到一天三餐都喝水的人減掉了9.48磅，實(shí)驗(yàn)應(yīng)該有對(duì)比，因此，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)中對(duì)比數(shù)據(jù)符合語(yǔ)境。5C解析：本段是總結(jié)性段落：僅僅喝水就可以減肥，這是非常簡(jiǎn)單的。C項(xiàng)是一句總結(jié)性語(yǔ)言，而且與下文內(nèi)容相符。故選C項(xiàng)。.語(yǔ)法填空2017·湖北八校二聯(lián)In recent years many TV shows have become extremely popular among Chinese audience.Those programs，ranging from talent or dating shows to reality shows 1._(receive) both commercial success and public attention.Their popularity is 2._(main)based on simple facts.First，they care 3._ social concerns.Second，without exception，they explore a perfect balance between the international forms and Chinese expressions.Despite apparent highlights，much room 4._ (leave) for improvement.Above all，commercial interests often outweigh 5._(education)purposes，causing many complaints about the 6._(bearable)advertisements.In addition，some sharp remarks,7._ _they are eye­catching，may have misleading effects on the youth.In my opinion，such shows should shoulder more responsibility instead of merely 8._(entertain)the public.9._is expected，these programs should be positive in their forms as well as functions.Meanwhile，the 10._(medium) should also safeguard the values of our society.答案：解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)娛樂節(jié)目不僅要娛樂觀眾，同時(shí)應(yīng)該承擔(dān)起更多的社會(huì)責(zé)任。1have received解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。句意：這些節(jié)目，從才藝到相親真人秀都已經(jīng)獲得了商業(yè)上的成功和公眾的關(guān)注。本句是上句的具體闡釋，根據(jù)上句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)In recent years可知應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。2mainly解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：它們受歡迎主要是基于簡(jiǎn)單的事實(shí)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，is based on為動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，故用副詞mainly修飾。3about解析：考查固定搭配。句意：首先，它們關(guān)注社會(huì)熱點(diǎn)。care about sth. 為固定搭配，意為“關(guān)心，關(guān)注”。故填about。4is left解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：盡管有亮點(diǎn)，但是提升的空間也很大。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，room(空間)和leave為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故此處用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，且句子描述的是一般性事實(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)與上文保持一致，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填is left。5educational解析：考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意：首先，商業(yè)利益常常超過教育目的，從而引起人們對(duì)那些令人無法忍受的廣告的許多抱怨。設(shè)空處修飾名詞purposes，應(yīng)用形容詞修飾。故填educational，意為“有教育意義的”。6unbearable解析：考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換。句意見上一題解析。根據(jù)句中的complaints可知，該空用bearable的反義詞，在單詞前加前綴un­。7though/although/while解析：考查連詞。句意：除此以外，盡管某些尖銳的評(píng)論很吸引眼球，但或許會(huì)誤導(dǎo)年輕人。根據(jù)句意，設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，可用though，although或while引導(dǎo)。8entertaining解析：考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意：依我看，此類節(jié)目應(yīng)該承擔(dān)更多的責(zé)任而不僅僅是娛樂大眾。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，of為介詞，故用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。9As解析：考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：正如所期待的那樣，這些節(jié)目應(yīng)該在形式和功能上都起積極的作用。本句為as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，as意為“正如”。類似的結(jié)構(gòu)有：眾所周知(As is known to all.)，正如報(bào)道的那樣(As is reported.)等。10media解析：考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。句意：同時(shí)，媒體也應(yīng)該保護(hù)我們社會(huì)的價(jià)值觀。根據(jù)句意可知此處應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)，表示各種媒體，故“媒體”要用復(fù)數(shù)media。.短文改錯(cuò)Sunny31st，JulyIt was sunny today and I was in a good mood.Tired of studying or the noise of city life，I come to the ecology park to enjoy scenery and get relaxing in the afternoon. While I arrived at the park，what came into its sight were the thick green trees.The air was fresh.In addition，I could clearly see a path around the pond.Lying on the grasses decorated with various flowers，I felt with ease because all that I wanted was peace inside.Therefore，with time going by quickly，the sun was setting in the west.So I had to return back home.I would never forget such romantic experience，which was really beyond description.