專題10 名詞和冠詞【2020年】1.（2020·新課標(biāo)I卷）The far side of the moon is of particular 64 (interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters (環(huán)形山)，more so than the familiar near side.【答案】interest【解析】考查名詞。句意：月球背面讓科學(xué)家尤其感興趣。根據(jù)空前的形容詞particular可知，空處應(yīng)填名詞，interest是不可數(shù)名詞，be of interest to sb.意為“(某物)使某人感興趣”。故填interest。2.（2020·新課標(biāo)I卷）Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with chopstick. 【答案】將chopstick改為chopsticks【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：下一步我把雞蛋打到一個(gè)碗里，然后用筷子快速攪拌。chopstick是可數(shù)名詞，意為“筷子”，通常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)，故將chopstick改為chopsticks。3.（2020·新課標(biāo)II卷）Chinese New Year is a 61 (celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.【答案】celebration【解析】考查名詞。句意：中國(guó)新年是一個(gè)慶祝冬天的結(jié)束和春天的開(kāi)始。不定冠詞a后接名詞形式。故填celebration。4.（2020·新課標(biāo)II卷）Luckily，I will go home in two weeks for summer vacations.【答案】將vacations改為vacation【解析】考查不可數(shù)名詞。句意：幸運(yùn)的是，兩周后我就要回家過(guò)暑假。分析句子，vacation譯為“假期”是個(gè)不可數(shù)名詞，后面不可加s表示復(fù)數(shù)。Summer vacation 譯為“暑期”是固定搭配。故將vacations改為vacation。5.（2020·新課標(biāo)III卷）Filled with 64 (curious)，the artist packed his bags and left.【答案】curiosity【解析】考查名詞。句意：懷著好奇心，藝術(shù)家收拾行囊離開(kāi)了。with為介詞，后跟名詞curiosity作賓語(yǔ)，表示“好奇心”。故填curiosity。6. （2020·江蘇卷）The health security systems of many countries are undergoing considerable _.A. reservationB. transformationC. distinctionD. submission【答案】B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：許多國(guó)家的衛(wèi)生安全系統(tǒng)正在經(jīng)歷重大變革。A. reservation預(yù)訂；B. transformation改革，變革；C. distinction區(qū)別；D. submission提交。根據(jù)前文The health security systems可知，此處指“衛(wèi)生安全系統(tǒng)的變革”。故選B。7.（2020·山東卷）Historical 44 (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.【答案】accuracy【解析】考查名詞。句意:歷史的準(zhǔn)確性很重要，但娛樂(lè)也很重要。此處做主語(yǔ)，位于形容詞historical之后，應(yīng)使用名詞，意為“歷史的準(zhǔn)確性”。故填accuracy。8.（2020·浙江卷）Later，they learned to work with the 62 (season)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas， 63（making） (make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉)their fields.【答案】seasons【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：后來(lái)，他們學(xué)會(huì)了因地制宜，在適當(dāng)?shù)臅r(shí)間播種，在干旱地區(qū)，利用每年的洪水來(lái)灌溉農(nóng)田。分析句子，提示詞的詞性為為可數(shù)名詞，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填seasons?！?019年】1.【2019·江蘇卷】Nowadays the _ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.A. priorityB. potentialC. proportionD. pension【答案】A【解析】考查名詞辨析。句意：當(dāng)今，旅行的重點(diǎn)從購(gòu)物轉(zhuǎn)變成了品嘗美食和欣賞風(fēng)景。A. priority優(yōu)先；優(yōu)先權(quán)；B. potential潛在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，撫恤金。故選A。2.【2019·天津卷】We can observe that artificial intelligence has already made a(n) _on our lives in many ways.A. statementB. impactC. impressionD. judgment【答案】B【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們能夠看到人工智能在許多方面已經(jīng)對(duì)我們的生活產(chǎn)生了強(qiáng)烈的影響。 statement“陳述說(shuō)明”； impact“強(qiáng)烈的影響，沖擊力”； impression“印象，感想”； judgement“判斷力判斷”。故選B。3.【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷】Of _69_ nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations，three are declining，six are (be) stable，one is increasing，and nine lack enough data.【答案】the【解析】考查定冠詞。此處為特指，意為“在已知的19個(gè)北極熊亞種群中”，故填the。4【2019·新課標(biāo)I卷】Suddenly football feel just in front of me but almost hit me.【答案】 Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me.【解析】考查冠詞。名詞football為可數(shù)名詞，前邊需要有限定詞。這里football第一次出現(xiàn)，故在football前加a；考查連詞。句意：突然一個(gè)足球落在我前邊并且差點(diǎn)打到我?！白闱蚵湎聛?lái)”與“打到我”兩個(gè)動(dòng)作是順承關(guān)系，不是轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故將but改為and。5.【2019·浙江卷】Everybody wears_57_ same style of clothes.【答案】the【解析】考查冠詞。句意：每個(gè)人都穿相同風(fēng)格的衣服。same是形容詞，意思是“相同的”，常與the連用修飾名詞。故填the?！?018年】1.【2018·天津】The_ that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.A. advice B. orderC. possibility D. invitation【答案】C【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析及語(yǔ)境理解。句意：宇宙中其它星球上存在生命這種可能性總是激勵(lì)科學(xué)家們?nèi)ヌ剿魍獠靠臻g。A. advice建議；B. order命令；C. possibility可能性；D. invitation邀請(qǐng)。故選C。2. 【2018·新課標(biāo)卷I】Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).【答案】causes 【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。一項(xiàng)研究表明，僅僅每天5到10分鐘的跑步，就能減少各種原因的心臟病和早亡。根據(jù)句意用復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填causes。3. 【2018·新課標(biāo)卷I】During my last winter holiday，I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.【答案】countryside前加the考查冠詞。去年寒假，我和父親去鄉(xiāng)下拜訪爺爺奶奶。此處特指去的是鄉(xiāng)下，故加定冠詞the?！窘馕觥縞ountryside前加the考查冠詞。去年寒假，我和父親去鄉(xiāng)下拜訪爺爺奶奶。此處特指去的是鄉(xiāng)下，故加定冠詞the。4. 【2018·新課標(biāo)卷II】Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over _62_ past 25 years，while rice has increased only 7 percent.【答案】the 【解析】考查冠詞。句意：玉米產(chǎn)量在過(guò)去25年里增長(zhǎng)了近125%，而大米只增長(zhǎng)了7%。故是特指在過(guò)去的25年里。故填the。5. 【2018·新課標(biāo)卷III】Unexpectedly，I'm face-to-face with the gorilla，who begins screaming at _62_ top of her lungs. That makes her baby scream，and then a 400-pound male appears.【答案】the 【解析】考查冠詞。此處為固定短語(yǔ)at the top of，此處表示以最大的肺活量喊叫。6. 【2018·新課標(biāo)卷III】My name is Mireya Mayor. I'm a _66_(science)who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.【答案】scientist 【解析】根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，我是一名科學(xué)家。scientist科學(xué)家。7. 【2018·浙江卷】Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.【答案】dishes【解析】考查名詞。此處指中國(guó)菜，表示泛指應(yīng)該用名詞復(fù)數(shù)，故填dishes。8. 【2018·浙江卷】F Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in 64 (weigh) problems.【答案】weight【解析】考查名詞。此處指體重問(wèn)題，用名詞修飾problems，故填weight。【2017年】1. 【2017·新課標(biāo)卷I】As 65 result，people will eat more food to try to make up for that something missing.【答案】a 【解析】考查冠詞。固定短語(yǔ)as a result表示結(jié)果。句意：結(jié)果，人們將吃更多的食物去彌補(bǔ)損失的東西。故填a。2. 【2017·新課標(biāo)卷II 】It ran for just under seven kilometers and allowed people to avoid terrible 61(crowd) on the roads above as they travelled to and fromwork.【答案】crowds【解析】考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。因?yàn)閏rowd為可數(shù)名詞，并且其前沒(méi)有限定詞，所以此處用其復(fù)數(shù)形式。3. 【2017·新課標(biāo)卷II 】This included digging up the road，laying (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64top.【答案】the【解析】考查冠詞。此處指的是在頂端建造一個(gè)結(jié)實(shí)的頂，所以在 top前加the?！?016年】1.【2016·浙江】It is important to pay your electricity bill on time ，as late payments may affect your _.A. condition B. income C. credit D. status【答案】C【解析】句意：準(zhǔn)時(shí)付電費(fèi)很重要，因?yàn)楦锻砹藭?huì)影響你的信用。condition條件；income收入；credit學(xué)分，信用（卡）；status地位。根據(jù)句意故選C。2.【2016·天津】The weather forecast says it will be cloudy with a slight _ of rain later tonight. A. effect B. sense C. change D. chance 【答案】D【解析】句意：天氣預(yù)報(bào)說(shuō)今天會(huì)是多云，后半夜可能有雨。A.影響；B.感覺(jué)；C.改變；D.機(jī)會(huì)，可能性。故選D。3.【2016·浙江】_prize for the winner of the competition is _two-week holiday in Paris.A. The ; 不填 B. A ; 不填 C. A ; the D. The ; a【答案】D【解析】句意：這個(gè)比賽獲勝者的獎(jiǎng)品是一個(gè)巴黎的兩個(gè)星期的假期。第一空填the，是特指“獲勝者的獎(jiǎng)品”，用定冠詞，第二空是泛指“一個(gè)兩周的假期”，用不定冠詞a。故選A。4.【2016·江蘇】 Can you tell us yourfor happiness and a long life? Living every day to the full，definitely.A.recipeB.recordC.rangeD.receipt【答案】A【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。recipe秘訣，食譜，藥方；record記錄；range范圍；receipt收據(jù)，收條。根據(jù)句意可知A項(xiàng)秘訣符合題意。